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資料No. ： NS080604
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In olden times the total power _______ to mankind was little more than the muscular power of the workers. (A) applicable (B) formidable (C) suitable (D) available 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Although the project was well-received by the management, it was later postponed _______ a lack of funding. (A) regardless of (B) due to (C) as for (D) so that 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 As manufacture becomes cheaper and less local, transport and labor costs have risen, and recycling has become _______ economic. (A) more (B) still (C) less (D) much 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ sanctions and aid cuts by the United States, Japan and other countries, India conducted two more underground nuclear tests. (A) Despite (B) Although (C) Between (D) With 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ many more elderly parents to care for, more employees will face tough choices in deciding whether to move. (A) Because (B) Though (C) With (D) Among 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A depleted ozone layer allows more UV-B radiation _______ Earth, harming human, animal, and plant life in many ways. (A) getting to (B) to reach (C) arrived on (D) to come 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It's a shame that we have to commute two hours _______ way in rush-hour traffic jams. (A) any (B) some (C) no (D) each 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It can be dangerous to _______ your skin to strong sunshine. A) impress B) compose C) express D) expose 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Paul did not have enough time to memorize his conference speech, so he had to _______ his notes several times while he was speaking. A) fill out B) account for C) refer to D) wake up 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When no one in the class _______ to the teacher's question, he realized that his students had not understood what he had asked. A) responded B) pointed C) attached D) presented 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 A)Although he had B)ever been )to the mountains many times, the trip never failed D)to refresh him. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The curtain (A)rang down (B)on the play and the audience (C)applauded (D)wild. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)never use an (B)alarm clock to (C)wake up (D)in the morning today. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Egyptian wall paintings indicate that thong sandals with flat soles of papyrus or leather ----- common in ancient times. (A) probably to have been (B) were probably (C) being probably (D) to probably have 2. 空所補充問題 In 1965, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson decided that he had better ----- into law an immigration reform bill that had just passed Congress. (A) to sign (B) sign (C) signing (D) to be signing 3. 空所補充問題 Rather than being a cricket, the so-called Mormon cricket is, -----, a member of the family of katydids and long-horned grasshoppers. (A) the truth (B) as real (C) in fact (D) for actual 4. 空所補充問題 Now a shallow body of water, Lake Abitibi straddling the Ontario-Quebec border ----- a much deeper glacial lake. (A) was used (B) used to be (C) was used to (D) was used to be 5. 空所補充問題 The most traditional form of country music is called old-time country music, and features traditional instruments ----- the banjo, fiddle and harmonica. (A) as such as (B) as such (C) such (D) such as 6. 正誤問題 Medical ethics (A)is concerned (B)with the moral problems that (C)rise (D)in the practical application of modern medical science. 7. 正誤問題 Ancient Roman legislators (A)carried pointed metal writing instruments (B)called styli, (C)which sometimes (D)serving as stabbing weapons. 8. 正誤問題 (A)An optical illusion occurs when we make faulty (B)interpretations of visual (C)impressions (D)regard real special relationships. 9. 正誤問題 (A)In 1960, the membership of the armed forces of the Communist nations (B)outnumbered (C)those of the free world two (D)to one. 10. 正誤問題 The theory of continental drift was (A)bolstering in 1970 (B)by the discovery of (C)fossilized reptile bones (D)on Antarctica. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In olden times the total power _______ to mankind was little more than the muscular power of the workers. (A) applicable (B) formidable (C) suitable (D) available 訳：昔は人類が利用できる力の総量は労働者の筋力をほとんど上回るものではなかった。 ※正解（D）。《解説》the total power「総体的な力」を後ろから修飾する形容詞を選ぶ。選択肢の語はどれも-ableの接尾辞をもつが、-ableは動詞につけて形容詞を作り、「…できる, …に適するなど」の意味にする。ここでは(D) のavailable 「利用できる」を選ぶ。 《選択肢》(A) applicable「当てはまる」, (B) formidable「恐ろしい」, (C) suitable「適当な」 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Although the project was well-received by the management, it was later postponed _______ a lack of funding. (A) regardless of (B) due to (C) as for (D) so that 訳：その企画を経営陣は喜んで受理したが、後でそれは資金不足により先送りされた。 ※正解（B）。《解説》内容的にa lack of funding「資金不足」がit was later postponed「それは後に先送りされた」ことの理由になっている。したがって、空所には理由を表す群前置詞を置く。理由を表すのはdue to「〜のために」。 《選択肢》(A) regardless of「〜にもかかわらず」、(C) as for「〜に関して」 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 As manufacture becomes cheaper and less local, transport and labor costs have risen, and recycling has become _______ economic. (A) more (B) still (C) less (D) much 訳：生産のコストが安くなりその集中化が進むにつれ、輸送や労働のコストは上昇し、リサイクルはより経済的でなくなってきている。 ※正解（C）。《解説》接続詞のAsはここでは後ろに比較級の文を従えて、「〜するにつれて、ますます…である」という文を作っている。問題箇所は「ますます経済的になる (more economic) 」とするのか、「ますます経済的でなくなる (less economic) 」とするのか、文全体の内容からよく判断する。 《選択肢》(B) と (D) のstill, muchはいずれも比較級の強調に用いられる。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ sanctions and aid cuts by the United States, Japan and other countries, India conducted two more underground nuclear tests. (A) Despite (B) Although (C) Between (D) With 訳：合衆国や日本、その他の諸国による制裁や援助の削減にもかかわらず、インドはさらに2つの地下核実験を実施した。 ※正解（A）。《解説》内容的には譲歩の意味を表す語を入れることになるが、(A) を選んで譲歩の前置詞にするか、(B) を選んで譲歩の接続詞にするか、文の形からよく判断すること。sanctions and aid cuts by the United States, Japan and other countries「合衆国や日本、その他の諸国による制裁や援助の削減」は基本的には一つの名詞句であることを見れば、(A) のDespite 〜「〜にもかかわらず」が入る。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ many more elderly parents to care for, more employees will face tough choices in deciding whether to move. (A) Because (B) Though (C) With (D) Among 訳：従業員のますます多くの者が、介護が必要な一層高齢の親を抱えて、転勤するかどうかの決定に厳しい選択を迫られることになるだろう。 ※正解（C）。《解説》to care for「介護を要する」はelderly parentsを後ろから修飾する形容詞用法の不定詞。したがって、many more elderly parents to care for全体で1つの名詞句であり、その前に前置詞を置いて、コンマ以下の主節につなげる。(C) のWithが入るが、「〜を抱えて」の意味。 《選択肢》(D) のAmong「〜の間に」も前置詞だが、内容的に合わない。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A depleted ozone layer allows more UV-B radiation _______ Earth, harming human, animal, and plant life in many ways. (A) getting to (B) to reach (C) arrived on (D) to come 訳：オゾン層の破壊により、より多くの紫外線Bが地球に降り注ぎ、人や動植物にいろいろな害を与えている。 ※正解（B）。《解説》allowという動詞の用法がポイント。「allow＋O＋to do」で「Oが〜するのを許す」という意味になる。したがって、(B) が答えだが、A depleted ozone layer「オゾン層の破壊」がmore UV-B radiation 「より多くの紫外線B」を「地球に到達させる」と言っている。 《選択肢》(A) はgettingと現在分詞であるところが誤り。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It's a shame that we have to commute two hours _______ way in rush-hour traffic jams. (A) any (B) some (C) no (D) each 訳：ラッシュアワーの交通渋滞の中を片道2時間かけて通勤しなければならないとはひどいことだ。 ※正解（D）。《解説》any, some, noのいずれも後ろに単数名詞、複数名詞の両方をとることが可能であるが、eachは単数名詞しかとることができない。ここではtwo hours each wayで「片道2時間」の意味。commuteは「通勤する」、traffic jamsは「交通渋滞」。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It can be dangerous to _______ your skin to strong sunshine. A) impress B) compose C) express D) expose 訳：肌を強い日差しにさらすことは危険である可能性がある。 ※正解(D)。expose X to Y「X を Y にさらす」の意味です。 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Paul did not have enough time to memorize his conference speech, so he had to _______ his notes several times while he was speaking. A) fill out B) account for C) refer to D) wake up 訳：ポールは会議でのスピーチを覚える時間が十分になかったので、話しながら数回メモを参照しなくてはならなかった。※正解(C)。refer to〜「〜を参照する」の意味。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When no one in the class _______ to the teacher's question, he realized that his students had not understood what he had asked. A) responded B) pointed C) attached D) presented 訳：クラスの誰もその先生の質問に答えなかったので、先生は自分が聞いたことを誰も理解していなかったことに気付いた。 ※正解(A)。respond 「答える」の意味。 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 A)Although he had B)ever been )to the mountains many times, the trip never failed D)to refresh him. 訳：彼はその山へ何度も行ったことがあったが、必ずその小旅行のおかげで彼は元気になった。 ※正解(B)。解説 (B) の ever は基本的に肯定文では用いられないので、削除するのが正しい。ただし、 I've only ever met him once. （彼には一度しか会ったことがない）のように、肯定文のように見えても、実際には否定的な文脈では、否定の強調として使われることもある。 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The curtain (A)rang down (B)on the play and the audience (C)applauded (D)wild. 訳：芝居の幕が下り、観衆が割れんばかりに拍手をした。 ※正解（D）。wild → wildly。curtain「(劇場の)幕、どんちょう」(C) applaud「拍手喝采する」「(人・演技などに)拍手喝采する」(D) wild「野生の、自然のままの、野蛮な、暴れる」wildly「荒々しく、激しく」 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)never use an (B)alarm clock to (C)wake up (D)in the morning today. 訳：けさは起きるのに目覚まし時計を使わなかった。 ※正解（A）。never → didn't。(A) never「いまだかつて〜ない、決して〜ない」[ヒント] todayとあるからneverは不適切。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Egyptian wall paintings indicate that thong sandals with flat soles of papyrus or leather ----- common in ancient times. (A) probably to have been (B) were probably (C) being probably (D) to probably have ※正解(B)。解説】 that以下の文には動詞がないことに注目。空所には、be動詞wereがある(B)が入る。 2. 空所補充問題 In 1965, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson decided that he had better ----- into law an immigration reform bill that had just passed Congress. (A) to sign (B) sign (C) signing (D) to be signing ※正解(B)。【解説】 had betterの後には原形の動詞が来る。したがって、正解は(B)。 3. 空所補充問題 Rather than being a cricket, the so-called Mormon cricket is, -----, a member of the family of katydids and long-horned grasshoppers. (A) the truth (B) as real (C) in fact (D) for actual ※正解(C)。【解説】 isと名詞a member... に挟まれた空所には副詞が入るのではないかと予測できるので、(A)は不可。as real、for actualでは次のa member... と繋がらない。正解は副詞の(C) in fact「実は」。cricket「コオロギ」、long-horned grasshopper「キリギリス」。 4. 空所補充問題 Now a shallow body of water, Lake Abitibi straddling the Ontario-Quebec border ----- a much deeper glacial lake. (A) was used (B) used to be (C) was used to (D) was used to be ※正解(B)。【解説】 文頭のNowと対比させて空所に(B)use to be「かつては... だった」を入れれば文が成立する。straddle「またがる」。 5. 空所補充問題 The most traditional form of country music is called old-time country music, and features traditional instruments ----- the banjo, fiddle and harmonica. (A) as such as (B) as such (C) such (D) such as ※正解(D)。【解説】 as such asという言い方はない。as such、suchのままでは次のthe banjo... と繋がらない。such asを空所に入れれば「バンジョーや、バイオリン、ハーモニカのような」の意味になる。 6. 正誤問題 Medical ethics (A)is concerned (B)with the moral problems that (C)rise (D)in the practical application of modern medical science. ※正解(C)。【解説】 rise → arise。Medical ethics「医療倫理」は単数なのでisのままでいい。be concerned with... で「……に関係して」の意味。「（問題などが）生じる、起こる」という意味を表すにはriseではなくariseを用いる。前置詞inに問題はない。 7. 正誤問題 Ancient Roman legislators (A)carried pointed metal writing instruments (B)called styli, (C)which sometimes (D)serving as stabbing weapons. ※正解(D)。【解説】 serving as → served as。動詞carried、過去分詞called、関係代名詞whichの用法に問題はない。serving asのままではwhich節に動詞がないことになる。served as「……として使えた、役に立った」とすればその問題が解決する。 8. 正誤問題 (A)An optical illusion occurs when we make faulty (B)interpretations of visual (C)impressions (D)regard real special relationships. ※正解(D)。【解説】 regard → regarding。illusion、interpretation、impressionいずれも可算名詞である。regard（動詞）をregarding「……に関して（前置詞）」にしなければ文が繋がらない。 9. 正誤問題 (A)In 1960, the membership of the armed forces of the Communist nations (B)outnumbered (C)those of the free world two (D)to one. ※正解(C)。【解説】 those → that。thoseは単数形のmembershipのことを指しているので、thoseはthatにしなくてはいけない。outnumber「数で勝る」。 10. 正誤問題 The theory of continental drift was (A)bolstering in 1970 (B)by the discovery of (C)fossilized reptile bones (D)on Antarctica. ※正解(A)。【解説】 bolstering → bolstered。この場合のbolsterは「支持する、支援する（他動詞）」の意味。後にbyが使われていることからも分かるように、ここではwas bolstered... byと受け身にしなくてはいけない。fossilized「化石化した」、Antarctica「南極大陸」。 II.時事英文 Cities Around the World Are 'Going Green' (その4：全9回シリーズ) Popular Science magazine recently published a list of the fifty "greenest" cities in the United States. Researchers combined information from United States population records as well as the Green Guide made by the National Geographic Society. The list rates cities by looking at their renewable energy sources, transportation programs, recycling efforts and "Green Living" grade. The magazine defined Green Living as the number of buildings approved by the United States Green Building Council. This nonprofit organization has a rating system for making environmentally safe buildings. It is called Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, or LEED. According to this list, the greenest city in the United States is Portland, Oregon. San Francisco, California came in second on the list, while Boston, Massachusetts was third. Fourth and fifth were Oakland, California and Eugene, Oregon. III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆Might is right◆ "Might" means "strength and power," so according to this proverb, using physical strength and power is the best way to solve a problem. History and current affairs have given us many examples of why this proverb is not true. III-c. 英語の新語 ◆Poddict◆ A person who is addicted to (who spends all his/her time using) the iPod, Apple Computer's digital audio player, is called a Poddict. It is a combination of the word iPod and addict. III -d. 英語でどう言う？ よだれが出る one's mouth water 【例文】Cathy's mouth watered at the sight of her favorite cake. がつがつ食べる eat greedily 【例文】Tom always eats greedily at an all-you-can-eat restaurant. こぼす spill 【例文】Susan spilled some milk on the table. げっぷをする belch 【例文】I belched after eating too much. III-e 今週のイディオム be afraid of one's (own) shadow 臆病(おくびょう)、内気である、気が小さい (be easily frightened or very nervous) 自分の影におびえるほどびくびくするの意味。神経質であらゆることに臆病な様子を指して使われます。何の危害も与えるはずのない自分の影さえ恐れることを、皮肉を込めて表現した慣用句です。 Don't expect Bill to come to the rescue. He's afraid of his shadow. (ビルが助けに来てくれるなんて期待してはだめだ。彼は気が小さいんだから) I bought this German shepherd as a watchdog, but he's afraid of his own shadow. (私は番犬としてこのシェパードを買ったが、とても臆病な犬だ) Being so afraid of her own shadow, she never had the courage to try new things. (彼女はとても内気だったので新しいことにチャレンジする勇気がなかった) IV. Jokes a. On the way to a gig, a juggler is stopped by the police. "What are those machetes doing in your car?" asks the officer. "I use them in my act." "Oh, yeah?" says the doubtful cop. "Let's see." The juggler starts tossing and catching the deadly blades. "My God," says a passing driver to his passenger. "I'm glad I quit drinking and driving. Look at the test they're giving you now." b. I've been doing a lot of abstract painting lately. No brush, no paint, no canvas - I just think about it. c. A Texan was taking a taxi tour of London. Pointing out the famous White Tower at the Tower of London, the cabbie told him what it was and that construction began in 1078 and ended in 1087. "Shoot!" said the Texan. "A little tower like that? In Houston, we'd have that up in a year." Next, they passed the House of Parliament, started in 1834, finished in 1852. "We put a bigger building than that up in Dallas, and it only took a month!" said the tourist. As they past Westminster Abbey, the fuming cab driver remained silent. "Whoa! What's that?" asked the Texan. "Don't know," replied the cabbie. "It wasn't there yesterday." |