資料No. : NS080514
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 One of the biggest problems is the _______ of sufficient funding. (A) lack (B) desire (C) amount (D) needing 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Margaret could not meet Mr. Smith at the station, so she _______ to the office instead. (A) has never been (B) has been (C) had not gone (D) had to go 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You can count on John as a _______ spokesman for labor in the wage-raise negotiations. (A) season (B) seasonable (C) seasoned (D) seasonal 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 James rushed off to the sales meeting in _______ a hurry he forgot his documents. (A) such (B) that (C) order (D) what 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The trouble with the computer will be solved only _______ we install a new hard disk. (A) that (B) though (C) if (D) what 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If your clothes _______ and you don't trust yourself to clean them up, our readers say the best place to go is Della's Cleaners. (A) had stained (B) are staining (C) are stained (D) would stain 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 By April of next year, the majority of blue-collar workers _______ on strike at least once. (A) will have gone (B) have gone (C) will be going (D) had been going 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Bob was disappointed with the results of his geography test. He thought that he could have done better if he --- more time. (A) had been given (B) had given (C) has been given (D) was to give 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Ryan's computer stopped working on Friday, so he took it to a computer store to get it --- . (A) fixed (B) fixing (C) fix (D) be fixed 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We may encounter strong --- during the flight, so please keep your seat belt fastened when you are seated. (A) affection (B) inspection (C) turbulence (D) interference 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 My friends and I (A)wanted to go to Aomori, (B)but it was (C)too far (D)too ride our bicycles. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Emily (A)started out (B)slowly, but she (C)can skate (D)quiet well now. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 We (A)will go to (B)either Hawaii or Guam (C)at our (D)winter vacation. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Before the U.S. Air Force was established ----- an independent entity, military aviation was conducted by the Army Air Corps. (A) to (B) as (C) at (D) on 2. 空所補充問題 The dried leaves of the purple foxglove garden flower ----- digitalis. (A) are often referred to as (B) often to refer to as (C) as often as are referred to (D) are to be often as referred to 3. 空所補充問題 If the Russian Revolution hadn't ousted the Romanovs from power in 1917, their dynasty ----- for some years. (A) had continued (B) may continue (C) continued (D) might have continued 4. 空所補充問題 Islands in the central Pacific Ocean tend to be composed of higher proportions of volcanic rock than those ----- closer to the continents. (A) would locate (B) located (C) can locate (D) locate 5. 空所補充問題 ----- an American-born painter working in England in the 1770s who depicted contemporary history in his work. (A) Benjamin West was (B) Benjamin West being (C) Benjamin West (D) Being Benjamin West 6. 正誤問題 (A)A Molotov cocktail is a glass bottle of (B)flammable liquid (C)stopped with a flaming rag, (D)serves as a crude firebomb. 7. 正誤問題 (A)Withholding income tax (B)tends to increase tax revenue, (C)in part because the taxpayer in effect is forced to extend (D)a interest-free loan to the treasury. 8. 正誤問題 (A)The Algonquin Indians are Native Americans (B)who originally (C)come to Canada's Ottawa River region thousands (D)of years ago. 9. 正誤問題 (A)Any form of government (B)in which the leadership (C)is elected, usually for specified terms of office, is (D)calling a republic. 10. 正誤問題 The work (A)song of sailors were (B)marked by rhythm in order to help teams of men (C)coordinate (D)their efforts to haul ropes and move heavy objects. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 One of the biggest problems is the _______ of sufficient funding. (A) lack (B) desire (C) amount (D) needing 訳:最大の問題のひとつは充分な資金の不足です。 ※正解(A)。「不足」の意味になるものは lack しかありません。desire は「欲求」、amount は「量」、needing については、need だけであれば、in need of ... の形で、「…を必要としている」という意味があります。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Margaret could not meet Mr. Smith at the station, so she _______ to the office instead. (A) has never been (B) has been (C) had not gone (D) had to go 訳:マーガレットは駅でスミス氏に会うことができなかったので、代わりにオフィスまで行かなければならなかった。 ※正解(D)。《解説》「駅で会うことができなかったので、その代わりに〜」という内容をよく留意して、空所に入れる語を選ぶこと。(D) を選べば「代わりにオフィスまで行かなければならなかった」という意味になり適当。 《選択肢》(A) の has never been (to 〜)は「(〜へ)行ったことがない」、(B) の has been (to 〜)は「(〜へ)行ったことがある」 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You can count on John as a _______ spokesman for labor in the wage-raise negotiations. (A) season (B) seasonable (C) seasoned (D) seasonal 訳:賃上げ交渉の際、労働者側の経験豊かな代弁者としてあなたがたはジョンを頼りにできる。 ※正解(C)。《解説》空所に入れる語でspokesman「代弁者」を修飾させて名詞句を作ることになる。すなわち、count on John as 〜(名詞句)で「ジョンを〜として頼りにする」という表現を完成させる。(C) のseasonedは「経験豊かな、熟した」という意味の形容詞。 《選択肢》seasonable「(天候)季節にふさわしい」, seasonal「季節的な」 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 James rushed off to the sales meeting in _______ a hurry he forgot his documents. (A) such (B) that (C) order (D) what 訳:ジェームズはあまりに急いで営業会議に出かけたので、書類を忘れてきた。 ※正解(A)。《解説》James rushed off to the sales meeting「ジェームズは急いで営業会議に出かけた」という文とhe forgot his documents「ジェームズは書類を忘れた」という2つの文をうまく結べるかどうか。suchを選んで、such 〜 that ...「あまりにも〜なので…」の相関表現(thatはhurryとheの間で省略)を作れば、内容的にも適当である。 《選択肢》in order (that) 「(that以下)のために」 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The trouble with the computer will be solved only _______ we install a new hard disk. (A) that (B) though (C) if (D) what 訳:そのコンピュータのトラブルは、新しいハードディスクを入れない限り解決しない。 ※正解(C)。《解説》The trouble with the computer「コンピュータのトラブル」が主語。installは「(装置など)を取り付ける」の意味。only ifは「〜する場合だけ」の意味。すなわち、「〜をinstallする場合だけ解決される→〜しない限り解決しない」という内容の文となる。なお、if only 〜「〜しさえすれば」と混同しないこと。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If your clothes _______ and you don't trust yourself to clean them up, our readers say the best place to go is Della's Cleaners. (A) had stained (B) are staining (C) are stained (D) would stain 訳:服を汚して、自分で洗濯する自信がないときに読者が一番に薦める店はデラのクリーニング店です。 ※正解(C)。《解説》雑誌か新聞の「良い店紹介コーナー」からとったと思われる文。If節があると、すぐ仮定法の文を作るのかという誤解もよくあるが、ここでは「単なる条件」を表すIf節で、動詞の時制は現在形でよい。stainは「〜を汚す」という意味の他動詞であるが、ここではyour clothesが主語になっているので、受け身にする。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 By April of next year, the majority of blue-collar workers _______ on strike at least once. (A) will have gone (B) have gone (C) will be going (D) had been going 訳:来年の4月までに、大多数の工場労働者が少なくとも1度はストライキをするだろう。 ※正解(A)。《解説》着眼する語句はBy April of next year「来年の4月までには」。go on(a) strikeは「ストライキに入る」の意味。したがって、ポイントは「〜までには、ストライキに入っているだろう」という未来完了の文を作ることになる。未来完了は「will+have+過去分詞」の形が基本。 《選択肢》それぞれ (B) は現在完了、(C) は未来進行形、(D) は過去完了進行形。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Bob was disappointed with the results of his geography test. He thought that he could have done better if he --- more time. (A) had been given (B) had given (C) has been given (D) was to give ※正解(A)。仮定法の問題です。過去の事実に反する話をしていることからhad + p.p. (過去分詞)の形が空所にはいることが分かります。すると選択肢1と2に絞られます。文意より彼は時間を与えられることが明らかなので受動態の1が正解となります。 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Ryan's computer stopped working on Friday, so he took it to a computer store to get it --- . (A) fixed (B) fixing (C) fix (D) be fixed ※正解(A)。getはS + V + O + Cの形を作ることができます。OとCの関係を考えると、「it = computerは修理される」という具合に受け身の関係になるためfixedを選ばなければなりません。またOとCが能動の関係になっている場合は通常to不定詞をとります。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We may encounter strong --- during the flight, so please keep your seat belt fastened when you are seated. (A) affection (B) inspection (C) turbulence (D) interference ※正解(C)。単語力問題です。turbulence「乱気流」の意味。 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 My friends and I (A)wanted to go to Aomori, (B)but it was (C)too far (D)too ride our bicycles. 訳:友人と青森に行きたがったが、自転車では遠すぎた。 ※正解(D)。too ride → to ride。「(〜するには)〜過ぎる、非常に〜で(〜する)ことができない」 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Emily (A)started out (B)slowly, but she (C)can skate (D)quiet well now. 訳:最初はもたもたしていたが、エミリーは今ではスケートがかなり上手に滑れる。 ※正解(D)。quiet → quite。(D) quiet「(動きがなくて)静かな、穏やかな」quite [英]「(思ったより)かなり、なかなか」、[米][非常に、たいへん] 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 We (A)will go to (B)either Hawaii or Guam (C)at our (D)winter vacation. 訳:わたしたちは冬休みにハワイかグアムのどちらかに行きます。 ※正解(C)。(C)「休暇に」というときの前置詞はonを使う。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Before the U.S. Air Force was established ----- an independent entity, military aviation was conducted by the Army Air Corps. (A) to (B) as (C) at (D) on ※正解(B)。【解説】 be established as... で「……として設立される、確立される」の意味になる。正解は(B)。 2. 空所補充問題 The dried leaves of the purple foxglove garden flower ----- digitalis. (A) are often referred to as (B) often to refer to as (C) as often as are referred to (D) are to be often as referred to ※正解(A)。【解説】 (B)と(C)を空所に入れるとこの文の動詞がないことになる。(D)are to be often as referred toの語順がおかしいのは明らか。正解は(A)are often referred to as「しばしば……と呼ばれる」である。foxglove「ジギタリス(植物)」。 3. 空所補充問題 If the Russian Revolution hadn't ousted the Romanovs from power in 1917, their dynasty ----- for some years. (A) had continued (B) may continue (C) continued (D) might have continued ※正解(D)。【解説】 If the Russian Revolution hadn't ousted ... と仮定法過去完了になっているので、(D)might have continuedが空所に入ることになる。これで「もし……しなかったら、〜が続いていたかもしれない」の意味になる。oust「追放する」。 4. 空所補充問題 Islands in the central Pacific Ocean tend to be composed of higher proportions of volcanic rock than those ----- closer to the continents. (A) would locate (B) located (C) can locate (D) locate ※正解(B)。【解説】 locate「置く」はbe locatedで「位置する」の意味を表す。thoseの後にthat/which areが略されていることに気づけば(B) locatedが正解であることが分かる。be composed of ... 「……で構成されている」。 5. 空所補充問題 ----- an American-born painter working in England in the 1770s who depicted contemporary history in his work. (A) Benjamin West was (B) Benjamin West being (C) Benjamin West (D) Being Benjamin West ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所以降にこの文の動詞がないので、(A) Benjamin West wasが正解となる。depict「描く」。 6. 正誤問題 (A)A Molotov cocktail is a glass bottle of (B)flammable liquid (C)stopped with a flaming rag, (D)serves as a crude firebomb. ※正解(D)。【解説】 serves as → serving as。Molotov cocktail「火炎瓶」は可算名詞である。形容詞flammable「可燃性の」に問題はない。stoppedの前にはthat/which isが略されている。servesのままでは前のisと動詞がダブってしまう。ここは分詞を使ってserving as ... とすればいい。 7. 正誤問題 (A)Withholding income tax (B)tends to increase tax revenue, (C)in part because the taxpayer in effect is forced to extend (D)a interest-free loan to the treasury. ※正解(D)。【解説】 a → an。文頭の動名詞Withholdingに問題はない。tend to ... は「 ……する傾向がある」、in partは「部分的には、一つには」の意味。形容詞interest-freeの前に冠詞aがあるが、当然aではなくanにしなくてはいけない。 8. 正誤問題 (A)The Algonquin Indians are Native Americans (B)who originally (C)come to Canada's Ottawa River region thousands (D)of years ago. ※正解(C)。【解説】 come → came。冠詞The、関係代名詞whoに誤りはない。thousands of years ago「何千年も前」が使われているのでcomeは過去形cameにしなければならない。 9. 正誤問題 (A)Any form of government (B)in which the leadership (C)is elected, usually for specified terms of office, is (D)calling a republic. ※正解(D)。【解説】 calling → called。【解説】Any form、前置詞と関係代名詞whichの用法、受け身is electedに問題はない。callingをcalledにしなければ「共和国と呼ばれる」の意味にならない。 10. 正誤問題 The work (A)song of sailors were (B)marked by rhythm in order to help teams of men (C)coordinate (D)their efforts to haul ropes and move heavy objects. ※正解(A)。【解説】 song → songs。主語がThe work songと単数形だが、それに呼応するbe動詞がwereになっている。songsと複数形にしなければ文が成立しない。 II. 時事英文 Cities Around the World Are 'Going Green' (その1:全9回シリーズ) Roof garden on the Chicago City Hall These "green cities" are working to reduce energy use and pollution in new and creative ways. Such efforts by city governments not only help reverse the effects of climate change. They also help governments save large amounts of money on energy costs. And, cities that are leaders in this green movement set a good example to their citizens about the importance of environmental issues. The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement aimed at reducing the release of harmful gases that are believed to cause climate change. The United States is not part of the agreement. But since two thousand five, over eight hundred American mayors across the country have agreed to sign their own version of the protocol. It is called the Mayors Climate Protection Agreement. Local leaders have agreed to follow the suggestions of the Kyoto Protocol in their communities. These mayors have come together to show how acting locally can help solve world problems and protect the environment. "Going green" generally includes saving energy and water, using natural and renewable materials and re-using materials. Here are some interesting ways in which several American communities are "going green." III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆Hell hath no fury like a woman scorned◆ According to this proverb, there is nothing worse, nothing more terrifying and dangerous, like a woman who has been rejected by a man she likes. "Hath" is an old version of "has." "Fury" is anger, usually a dangerous kind of anger. "Scorned" means rejected, usually by a man. III-c. 英語の新語 ◆Ohnosecond◆ The ohnosecond is that moment when you suddenly realize that you have done something wrong or made a mistake, it is the second when you think, "Oh no!" III -d. 英語でどう言う? あくびをする yawn 【例文】Jack stretched and yawned loudly. しゃっくりをするhiccup 【例文】I can't stop hiccupping. / I keep hiccupping. くしゃみをする sneeze 【例文】My father sneezed loudly. 鼻水が出る have a runny nose 【例文】I have a runny nose and very itchy eyes. III-e 今週のイディオム light a fire under (人を)せかせてやる気にさせる (make someone who is being lazy start doing their work) 腰の重い人をその気になるように仕向けることを意味して使われる慣用表現。お尻の下にまきをくべて火をたくことで、怠惰な人を活発にさせるというイメージで使います。 Jack won't be able to finish the assignment on time. You'd better light a fire under him. (ジャックは時間通りに仕事を終えることができないだろう。彼の尻をたたいた方がいい) That pep talk lit a fire under the sales staff and got them working twice as hard. (あの激励の言葉は営業部員たちをやる気にさせ、2倍働くようになった) It's time to light a fire under Tim to get him to study harder. (ティムのお尻をたたいてもっと勉強させる時だ) IV. Jokes a. My four-year-old son, Tristin, was at daycare, where the children were sharing stories about important things that were going on in their lives. "On Friday," Tristin told the class when it was his turn, "my mum is going to shave her legs, so that she can take me swimming." b. One afternoon when our puppy was three months old, Noah, with his little bag of treats always on hand, was doing his best to teach him right from wrong. Finally, after one crazy burst of energy too many, Noah exclaimed in exasperation, "Oh, Mum! He's just a monster in a cute suit!" c. My eight-year-old grandson, Tyler, was admiring my coin collection and asked if I would leave them to him in my will. I said that I would. "Grandpa," Tyler asked. "Is this what they call a dead giveaway?" giveaway 無料サンプル、景品 d. On a recent trip to Washington, DC, my brother-in-law overheard a father pointing out a well-known building to his son: "You see that triangular-shaped octagon over there? That's the Pentagon." e. Parents are expected to participate in their children's education, and my friends were no exception. They gladly help their Year Five son, Andrew, whenever he's stumped. One day after school, Andrew ran into the house waving a paper in the air. "Hey, Mum, great news! There were only three mistakes on my math homework," he announced. "You made one, Dad made one and I made one." |