資料No. : NS080430
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Women are significantly _______ likely to die after heart bypass surgery than men, says a study released Wednesday. (A) much (B) more (C) most (D) mostly 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If the decision isn't favorable to us, please let me know as soon as possible so I can contact _______ companies. (A) another (B) other (C) others (D) either 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ are more than thirty people eligible to be on the company's medical insurance plan. (A) They (B) All that (C) As (D) There 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Should the federal government give every American a medical ID number, making _______ possible to track medical records? (A) it (B) him (C) one (D) that 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Pesticides and chemical _______ are becoming some of the worst water pollutants in America. (A) fertile (B) fertility (C) fertilizers (D) fertileness 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 This computer system will best _______ ABC Inc. to meet its expanding production requirements. (A) enter (B) enable (C) enact (D) enforce 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Don't _______ the new car warranty offered by the manufacturer of the vehicle. (A) overlook (B) overhaul (C) overbook (D) overcome 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A: Turn down that music! You're going to --- the neighbors. B: OK, I'm sorry. I'll use the headphones. (A) entertain (B) impress (C) tempt (D) disturb 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Joe's mother was waiting with --- at the airport to meet Joe and her new grandson. (A) persuasion (B) representation (C) anticipation (D) illustration 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Jim is no longer friends with Sara because he found out that she had been complaining about him behind his --- . (A) face (B) back (C) hand (D) ear 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 You (A)should have put (B)more salt in the stew, (C)its a little (D)bland. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)saw several (B)junior high school boys (C)to smoke cigarettes (D)in the park. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 You (A)must do your (B)best (C)at all times if you hope (D)to success. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 It is thought that there are thousands of as yet undiscovered shipwrecks ----- much about history if we could only locate and examine them. (A) could it tell us (B) it could tell us that (C) could tell that us (D) that could tell us 2. 空所補充問題 Police forces normally maintain teams of negotiators who are experts ----- with armed hostage takers. (A) dealt (B) to deal (C) in dealing (D) for to deal 3. 空所補充問題 Passengers aboard the Titanic must ----- by the belief that she was an unsinkable ship. (A) have been comforted (B) been comforting (C) comforting (D) comforted 4. 空所補充問題 'Ibis' is the common name for ----- of about 30 different long-legged aquatic birds of the same order as storks. (A) the (B) them (C) such (D) any 5. 空所補充問題 By 1945, most battleships ----- with sonar and radar, but these instruments were still in their early stages of development, and tended to be unreliable. (A) equipped (B) were equipped (C) had equipped (D) did equip 6. 正誤問題 The Utrecht School was (A)a trend (B)in visual art (C)advanced (D)primary by Dutch painters. 7. 正誤問題 Liberty Island, (A)off the southern tip of Manhattan, was officially (B)knowing (C)as Bedloe's Island (D)until 1956. 8. 正誤問題 (A)When the moist, starchy center of a popcorn kernel is (B)heated, the water inside turns to vapor, (C)creates (D)enough expansion pressure to burst the hard outer shell. 9. 正誤問題 (A)Thanks to the science of hydroponics, scientists now know (B)how to grow (C)wide range of (D)crops without the use of soil. 10. 正誤問題 Civil wars, fighting between groups (A)with a country, (B)have a tendency to expand (C)into international conflicts when neighboring countries have (D)a strong interest in the outcome. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Women are significantly _______ likely to die after heart bypass surgery than men, says a study released Wednesday. (A) much (B) more (C) most (D) mostly 訳:水曜日に公表された研究によると、女性は男性よりも心臓のバイパス手術を受けて死亡する確率が相当高い。 ※正解(B)。《解説》全体としては、比較構文であることに注意。be likely to doで「〜しやすい」の意味になるが、この文では女性と男性を比べて、「女性は男性よりも〜で死亡しやすい」という内容。したがって、likelyの比較級を作ることになる。heart bypass surgery「心臓バイパス手術」、release「公表する」。 《選択肢》mostは最上級を作る他「大部分の」の意味で使われる。mostlyは副詞で「大部分は」の意味。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If the decision isn't favorable to us, please let me know as soon as possible so I can contact _______ companies. (A) another (B) other (C) others (D) either 訳:だめな場合は他の会社を当たりますので、できるだけ早くお知らせください。 ※正解(B)。《解説》ポイントは不定代名詞another, otherの使い方。anotherは「an + other」で単数の可算名詞につけて、「 もう1つの, もう1人の」の意味。ここでは後ろにくる語はcompaniesと複数名詞であるからanotherはあり得ない。otherは形容詞として使うときは、「他の, 別の」の意味で複数名詞の前につける。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ are more than thirty people eligible to be on the company's medical insurance plan. (A) They (B) All that (C) As (D) There 訳:その会社の医療保険プランの適格者は30人以上いる。 ※正解(D)。《解説》主語に何をもってくるのが最適であるかを考える。補充箇所の後には「be動詞+名詞句」が続く。名詞句はmore than thirty people eligible to 〜(〜する資格のある30人以上の人々)であるが、これをbe動詞の補語とするか、主語とするか(There構文)がポイント。medical insurance plan「医療保険プラン」。 《選択肢》 (B) と (C) は構文上あり得ない。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Should the federal government give every American a medical ID number, making _______ possible to track medical records? (A) it (B) him (C) one (D) that 訳:連邦政府は一人一人のアメリカ人に診療IDナンバーを与えて、診療記録をたどることを可能にするべきだろうか? ※正解(A)。《解説》makingやto不定詞のto track「たどること」などに着目すれば、ここは形式目的語のitを入れるべきところ。形式目的語のitは後にくるto不定詞やthat節の内容を受ける。make it possible to doで「〜することを可能にする」の意味。the federal government「連邦政府」、medical ID number「診療IDナンバー」 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Pesticides and chemical _______ are becoming some of the worst water pollutants in America. (A) fertile (B) fertility (C) fertilizers (D) fertileness 訳:殺虫剤と化学肥料がアメリカでは水の最悪の汚染物の1つになっている。 ※正解(C)。《解説》補充箇所は文の主語を構成するがPesticides「殺虫剤」との形の上での並行性の保持に留意する。基本的には語彙力の問題となるが、(C) のfertilizers「肥料」が-sと複数形名詞でPesticidesと呼応する。pollutant「汚染物」 《選択肢》fertile「肥よくな」, fertility「肥よくさ」, fertileness「肥よく性」 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 This computer system will best _______ ABC Inc. to meet its expanding production requirements. (A) enter (B) enable (C) enact (D) enforce 訳:このコンピュータシステムを使えばABC社は拡大する生産の要求に一番うまく応えることができるだろう。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】「動詞+目的語+to 不定詞」の形に注意して選択肢の動詞を選ぶ。enableは「enable+目的語+to 不定詞」の形で「〜に…することを可能にする」の意味になる。なお、接頭辞のen-は「〜の中に入れる, 〜の上に置く」、「〜にする」、「中に,〜のうちに」の意味。 【選択肢】enter「〜に入る」, enact「〜を制定する」, enforce「〜を実施する」 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Don't _______ the new car warranty offered by the manufacturer of the vehicle. (A) overlook (B) overhaul (C) overbook (D) overcome 訳:自動車メーカーのつける新車の保証書を見落としてはいけない。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】選択肢の語はいずれもover-を接頭辞にもつ動詞。over-は「上(位)の, 上から」,「余分に; 過度に」,「向こうへ, 越えて, 渡って」,「倒して, ひっくり返して」の意味。 【選択肢】overlook「〜を見落とす」, overhaul「〜を分解修理する」, overbook「定員以上の予約をとる」, overcome「〜を克服する」 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A: Turn down that music! You're going to --- the neighbors. B: OK, I'm sorry. I'll use the headphones. (A) entertain (B) impress (C) tempt (D) disturb ※正解(D)。単語力問題です。文の内容から空所には「迷惑をかける、困らせる」の意味を持つ動詞が入ることが分かります。 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Joe's mother was waiting with --- at the airport to meet Joe and her new grandson. (A) persuasion (B) representation (C) anticipation (D) illustration ※正解(C)。単語力問題です。anticipation「予想、期待」の意味。従ってwith anticipationで期待を胸にしている様子を表します。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Jim is no longer friends with Sara because he found out that she had been complaining about him behind his --- . (A) face (B) back (C) hand (D) ear ※正解(B)。熟語力問題です。behind one's back「内緒で」の意味。 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 You (A)should have put (B)more salt in the stew, (C)its a little (D)bland. 訳:シチューにもう少し塩が入ってたらよかったんじゃないかな。味が足りないみたいだよ。 ※正解(C)。its → it's。stew「シチュー」(C) itsはitの所有格。it'sはit isあるいはit hasの短縮形。(D) bland「(飲食物が)口当たりのよい、さっぱりした、気の抜けた、おもしろみのない」 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)saw several (B)junior high school boys (C)to smoke cigarettes (D)in the park. ※正解(C)。to smoke → smoking。(A) see<+目+原形>「(〜が〜するのを)見る」<+目+ doing>「(〜が〜しているのを)見る」<+目+原形>では原形不定詞がひとまとまりの動作を表すのに対し、<+目+ doing>では現在分詞は継続中の動作を表し、いっそう記述的な色彩を帯びる。 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 You (A)must do your (B)best (C)at all times if you hope (D)to success. 訳:成功したいなら、いつもベストを尽くしていなければならない。 ※正解(D)。to success → to succeed。hope<+ to do>「(〜したいと)思う」(D) successs「成功」ucceed「成功する」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 It is thought that there are thousands of as yet undiscovered shipwrecks ----- much about history if we could only locate and examine them. (A) could it tell us (B) it could tell us that (C) could tell that us (D) that could tell us ※正解(D)。【解説】 前にthere are... があるので空所にそのままcouldで始まる語句を入れることはできない。it could tell that us... ではitが何のことだか分からない。正解は関係代名詞を含む(D) that could tell usである。shipwreck「難破船」。 2. 空所補充問題 Police forces normally maintain teams of negotiators who are experts ----- with armed hostage takers. (A) dealt (B) to deal (C) in dealing (D) for to deal ※正解(C)。【解説】 expertの後に前置詞inと動名詞を続けて「……をする専門家」の意味になる。正解は(C)。hostage taker「人質」。 3. 空所補充問題 Passengers aboard the Titanic must ----- by the belief that she was an unsinkable ship. (A) have been comforted (B) been comforting (C) comforting (D) comforted ※正解(A)。【解説】 助動詞mustの後にbeen comforting、comforting、comfortedが使えないのは明らか。must have been conforted by ... で「……によりほっとしていた(安心していた)に違いなかった」の意味になる。unsinkable「沈没しない」。 4. 空所補充問題 'Ibis' is the common name for ----- of about 30 different long-legged aquatic birds of the same order as storks. (A) the (B) them (C) such (D) any ※正解(D)。【解説】 theが使えないのは明らか。them、suchでは次のofと繋がらない。正解はany of... である。ibis「トキ」、aquatic bird「水鳥」、order「(動物分類上の)目(もく)」、stork「コウノトリ」。 5. 空所補充問題 By 1945, most battleships ----- with sonar and radar, but these instruments were still in their early stages of development, and tended to be unreliable. (A) equipped (B) were equipped (C) had equipped (D) did equip ※正解(B)。【解説】 他動詞equipはbe equipped with ... で「……を装備している」の意味になる。正解は(B)。battleship「戦艦」、sonar「ソナー(水中音波探知機)」。 6. 正誤問題 The Utrecht School was (A)a trend (B)in visual art (C)advanced (D)primary by Dutch painters. ※正解(D)。【解説】 primary → primarily。trend「トレンド、流行」は可算名詞。前置詞inに問題はない。advancedの前にはthat/which wasが略されている。「主に」の意味にするにはprimarilyと副詞形を用いなくてはいけない。 7. 正誤問題 Liberty Island, (A)off the southern tip of Manhattan, was officially (B)knowing (C)as Bedloe's Island (D)until 1956. ※正解(B)。【解説】 knowing → known。offは「離れた」の意味。be known as... で「 ……として知られていた」の意味になるので、knowingが間違っている。前置詞untilに問題はない。 8. 正誤問題 (A)When the moist, starchy center of a popcorn kernel is (B)heated, the water inside turns to vapor, (C)creates (D)enough expansion pressure to burst the hard outer shell. ※正解(C)。【解説】 create → creating。接続詞when、受動態heatedの用法に誤りはない。the water inside turns to vapor, creates... と動詞が並列されているので、creating(分詞)にしなければ文が繋がらない。and creates... でもいい。enough「十分な」の位置に問題はない。 9. 正誤問題 (A)Thanks to the science of hydroponics, scientists now know (B)how to grow (C)wide range of (D)crops without the use of soil. ※正解(C)。【解説】 wide range → a wide range。Thanks to... 「……のお陰で」、how to... に問題はない。rangeは可算名詞なので、wideの前に冠詞aが必要になる。crops「作物」。 10. 正誤問題 Civil wars, fighting between groups (A)with a country, (B)have a tendency to expand (C)into international conflicts when neighboring countries have (D)a strong interest in the outcome. ※正解(A)。【解説】 with → within。Civil warsとは「(国における)内戦」のことなので、withではなくwithin「……の中で」にしなければ意味が通らない。conflict「紛争」。 II.時事英文 How China Is Reorganizing World Economy (その17:全17回シリーズ) The Chinese government has calculated that the effects of pollution wiped out $67 billion, or 3 percent, of the nation's GDP in 2004. The World Bank calculates that pollution costs China about 5.8 percent of GDP every year. 中国政府は、汚染の影響が670億ドルまたは3パーセント(2004年の国のGDPの)を一掃したと計算しました。世界銀行は、汚染が毎年中国におよそ5.8パーセントのGDPを要すると計算します。 Nevertheless, say many experts, Chinese economic growth is expected to continue at a fast clip for decades, reflecting the pent-up demand of its huge population. それでも ― 多くの専門家が言う ― 中国の経済成長は何十年も速いクリップで続くことになっています。そして、その膨大な人口で閉じ込められた必要なものを反映します。 III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆Might as well be hanged for a sheep as a lamb◆ In the past, if you stole a sheep or a lamb, you could be punished by being hanged -- i.e. having a rope tied around your neck and then hung until you were dead. This proverb says, if you're going to die anyway for stealing a sheep or a lamb, you should steal the sheep, because it's better. In other words, if you're going to get into the same amount of trouble, you might as well do the thing that gets you more. III-c. 英語の新語 ◆Noughties◆ The 1980s are known as the eighties and the 1990s are known as the nineties. Many people have been confused about what to call the first decade of the 21st century. It is called the Noughties. Nought means zero. III -d. 英語でどう言う? マニキュアを塗る polish / manicure one's nails 【例文】My sister polishes her nails every week. 爪を切る cut / clip one's nails 【例文】Because Yumiko is a pianist, she always cuts her nails short. くしで髪をとかす comb one's hair 【例文】I really have kinky hair, so I struggle to comb my hair every morning. ドライヤーで髪を乾かす dry one's hair with a hair dryer 【例文】She is drying her hair with a hair dryer now. III-e 今週のイディオム have too much on o ne's plate しなければならないことが多い (be too busy to attend to other, less important things) 仕事が多すぎて手に負えないことを、レストランなどで食べられないほど大量の料理を注文してしまった様子にたとえた表現。plate (皿)の上にやるべきことが山積している状況を想像して使ってみてください。 I'd love to help, but I have too much on my plate just now. (ぜひ手伝ってあげたいのだが、今はやらなければならないことたくさん抱えている) I can't take on any more work now. I have too much on my plate now. (今はこれ以上仕事を引き受けられない。すでに手いっぱいだからね) Sorry, but if you don't have too much on your plate this weekend, can you go over the report? (すみませんが、もし今週末に手がふさがっていなければ、報告書を読み返していただけますか?) IV. Jokes a. While staring at a monkey in the zoo, one of my preschool students had a question: "What does he eat?" The zookeeper gamely rattled off a long list of foods that the monkeys were fed. "So where does he get his food from?" asked the student. "Oh, just the regular supermarket," answered the zookeeper. My young student wasn't finished. "Well, who drives him?" b. For my father's 50th birthday, his congregation decided to give their pastor a new suit. He was so touched by the gift that following Sunday he stood before everyone and, with tears in his eyes, announced, "Today I am preaching to you in my birthday suit!" birthday suit 1. 誕生日に着る礼服 2. 生まれたときの服=裸 c. Some people find their fortune in the oddest jobs. I was driving behind a truck that pumps out septic tank. In big, bold lettering on the side, the owner declared, "It Smells Like Money to Me!" d. "Long time no see," my mother said to two clients in the gym where she works. "We've been working overtime," explained one of the women. "That's great!" said Mum. "So many people in town are losing their jobs. It's nice to hear some companies need overtime. Where do you work?" One woman sheepishly replied, "The unemployment office." |