資料No. : NS080423
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It takes a great amount of time and effort to be _______ at any foreign language. (A) prodigal (B) productive (C) proficient (D) professional 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It appears that the accident was caused by computer _______. (A) defunct (B) malediction (C) malfunction (D) discrimination 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The _______ trade in rare wild birds has largely been halted. (A) illegal (B) illiterate (C) prodigal (D) obliterate 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 France and Germany have signed a _______ agreement to help prevent drug smuggling. (A) plural (B) numeral (C) bilateral (D) unilateral 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She had the _______ to lock all the windows, as well as the doors, before leaving on her holiday. (A) hindsight (B) foresight (C) heedlessness (D) oversight 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After a lengthy discussion we reached a _______ decision on the proposal. (A) unaired (B) unamiable (C) unanimous (D) infamous 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm sorry to _______ your meeting, but there's an emergency call for you on line two. (A) erupt (B) abrupt (C) disrupt (D) bankrupt 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It is widely believed that ---, long-term investment practices provide the most reliable yields. (A) caution (B) cautiously (C) cautious (D) cautioned 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Information about new products often leaks out over the Internet --- companies' best effects to contain it. (A) due to (B) as a result of (C) in spite of (D) even 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Either coffee or orange juice --- all they offered us during yesterday's morning session. (A) is (B) were (C) was (D) are 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I don't (A)care to many (B)sports, but I (C)do like (D)to play basketball. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Tiger Woods, (A)the golfing star, will (B)be appearing at the (C)opening of the new country club (D)in Chiba. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 When I (A)arrive home, I (B)usual have (C)to cook dinner, (D)but not tonight. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Actor Walter Matthau, ----- lived from 1920 to 2000, was born Walter Matuschanskavasky. (A) that (B) him (C) he (D) who 2. 空所補充問題 Contributions to the origins of letter "i" can be traced ----- to an ancient Egyptian hieroglyph showing the shape of a hand. (A) up (B) back (C) out (D) in 3. 空所補充問題 ----- a playwright and self-declared genius known for his incisive social comedies and his witty aphorisms exposing the ironies of life and hypocrisies of Victorian society. (A) Oscar Wilde being (B) Oscar Wilde (C) Being Oscar Wilde (D) Oscar Wilde was 4. 空所補充問題 If it hadn't been for the invention of the internal-combustion engine, the need for fuel oil ----- such an important geopolitical factor. (A) would become (B) may not become (C) might not have become (D) didn't become 5. 空所補充問題 Exposure to sunlight causes minor damage to the skin, stimulates the production of protective pigment cells, and ----- the synthesis of certain vitamins. (A) to promote (B) promotes (C) promoting (D) promoted 6. 正誤問題 FM, (A)its frequency modulation makes possible broadcasts (B)with less static interference (C)than broadcasts using AM, (D)which stands for amplitude modulation. 7. 正誤問題 (A)Physical health is only one aspect of (B)a well-lived life, which also has social, (C)philosophically and emotional (D)components. 8. 正誤問題 (A)A first driver to reach (B)a speed of over 100 kilometers (C)did so in (D)an electric powered car in 1899. 9. 正誤問題 The printing technique (A)used to deposit conductive materials (B)on the ceramic surfaces of computer chips (C)are (D)not unlike those used in the graphic arts. 10. 正誤問題 In 1900, New York readers (A)could choose (B)between 15 major city newspapers, (C)compared (D)only a few today. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It takes a great amount of time and effort to be _______ at any foreign language. (A) prodigal (B) productive (C) proficient (D) professional 訳:どんな外国語でも堪能になるためには大変な時間と努力を要する。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】選択肢にはいずれもpro-(賛成の、前の、代わりの)を接頭辞にもつ形容詞が並ぶので、文の内容から選ぶことになる。a great amount of time and effortを要するのは外国語にどのようになるためか。 【選択肢】prodigal「放蕩な」, productive「生産力のある」, proficient「堪能な」, professional「専門(職)の」 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It appears that the accident was caused by computer _______. (A) defunct (B) malediction (C) malfunction (D) discrimination 訳:その事故はコンピュータの誤動作が原因とみられる。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】「事故」→「引き起こされた」→「コンピュータの __ によって」という流れ。コンピュータが正常に働かなかった [調子が悪かった]、と考えるのが自然。mal- は「悪い」の意で function は「機能」。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The _______ trade in rare wild birds has largely been halted. (A) illegal (B) illiterate (C) prodigal (D) obliterate 訳:野生の珍鳥の不法な商業取引は大部分停止されてきている。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】「珍しい (rare) 野生の (wild) 鳥の商業取り引き [輸出入] (trade) 」で「これまでにその大部分 (largely) が停止となってきた (halted) 」 → このような trade につく形容詞として最もそれらしいものはどれかを考える。illegal は il- と legal に分かれる。legal(合法的な)はなじみのある語だろう。il- は not の意の in- が変化したもの。語頭が l の legal と結びついたことによって in- から il- への同化現象が生じたのである。したがって、illegal は not legal(不法の)の意。これならば、ここの文脈における trade を形容するのにピッタリである。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 France and Germany have signed a _______ agreement to help prevent drug smuggling. (A) plural (B) numeral (C) bilateral (D) unilateral 訳:フランスとドイツは麻薬密輸入防止協力のための二国間協定に調印した。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】フランスとドイツの2か国が調印した (have signed) ある協定 (agreement) があり、その協定の内容が to 以下というもの。bilateral の bi- は「2つの」の意で、lateral は side(側)の意。したがって bilateral は「両側[面]のある;相互的な」の意になる。unilateral は「片側だけの、一方(的)の、一方だけによってなされた、相互的でない」の意。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She had the _______ to lock all the windows, as well as the doors, before leaving on her holiday. (A) hindsight (B) foresight (C) heedlessness (D) oversight 訳:彼女は用心深いことに、休暇で家をあける前にドアにも窓にもすべてかぎをかけた。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】彼女が持ちあわせていたものが空所で、その具体的中身が to 以下。「〜するような、そんな __ 」ということ。休暇で家をあけるに先立って、ドアにも窓にもすべてかぎをしていくような人には何が備わっていると言えるか。foresight は foresee(前もって見越す;先見する)からきている( → sight は see の名詞形)。先々のことを考えるところから foresight は「先見、見通し」の他に「将来への備え、用心深いこと」の意味にもなる。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After a lengthy discussion we reached a _______ decision on the proposal. (A) unaired (B) unamiable (C) unanimous (D) infamous 訳:長い議論の後、我々はその提案に関する満場一致の決定を下した。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】長い (lengthy) 議論の末に達した (reached) 決定[結論] (decision) は、どのようなものであったか。unanimous の un- は uni- の変化形で「1つ」の意( → uniform → 1つの形 → 「一様の」「制服」)。anim は「心」の意で -ous は形容詞語尾。したがって unanimous は「1つの心の」、つまり「全員異議のない、満場一致の」の意となる。(cf. magnanimous → 大きな(magn-)心の → 「度量の大きい、寛大な」) 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm sorry to _______ your meeting, but there's an emergency call for you on line two. (A) erupt (B) abrupt (C) disrupt (D) bankrupt 訳:会議中恐縮ですが、緊急のお電話が2番に入っております。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】I'm sorry to ... と断りを入れている。できればしたくない事をせざるを得ない人の言葉で、それを行う対象は your meeting である。disrupt の dis- は元々はラテン語の duo (=two) から来たもので、「2つに分かれて」の意であったが、そこから分離・除去・剥奪・反対・否定などの意へと拡大していった。rupt は break の意。したがって disrupt は → 「破って分け離す」 → 「引き裂く;(会議などの正常な進行)を妨げる」。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It is widely believed that ---, long-term investment practices provide the most reliable yields. (A) caution (B) cautiously (C) cautious (D) cautioned ※正解(C)。選択肢から品詞問題だと分かります。空所に入る語は直後の形容詞long-termとカンマで並列に置かれていることから名詞investmentを修飾する形容詞であることが分かります。Dも形容詞になりますが、意味が不適です。 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Information about new products often leaks out over the Internet --- companies' best effects to contain it. (A) due to (B) as a result of (C) in spite of (D) even ※正解(C)。選択肢から接続詞関連の問題だと分かります。前後の意味より「〜にも関わらず」の意味を表す前置詞が空所に入ります。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Either coffee or orange juice --- all they offered us during yesterday's morning session. (A) is (B) were (C) was (D) are ※正解(C)。相関接続詞の問題です。Either A or Bは原則として動詞に近い名詞Bに動詞を一致させます。さらにyesterday'sの部分から過去の話だと分かります。 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I don't (A)care to many (B)sports, but I (C)do like (D)to play basketball. 訳:どのスポーツもあまり好きじゃないけど、野球をするのは結構好きだ。 ※正解(A)。care to → care for。(A) care for「〜を好む」care to do「〜したいと思う」 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Tiger Woods, (A)the golfing star, will (B)be appearing at the (C)opening of the new country club (D)in Chiba. 訳:ゴルフのスタープレイヤー、タイガー・ウッズが千葉県の新しいカントリークラブのオープニングに姿を現すでしょう。 ※正解(A)。the golfing star → the golf star。「ゴルフスター」はgolf starという。 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 When I (A)arrive home, I (B)usual have (C)to cook dinner, (D)but not tonight. 訳:帰宅するとふだん夕飯を作りますが、今夜はしなくて済みます。 ※正解(B)。usual → usually。(B) usual「いつもの、平素の、通常の」usually「通例、通常、一般に、ふつうは」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Actor Walter Matthau, ----- lived from 1920 to 2000, was born Walter Matuschanskavasky. (A) that (B) him (C) he (D) who ※正解(D)。【解説】 この文の動詞はwasである。このことから空所には関係代名詞whoが入ることが分かる。空所の前にカンマ(,)があるのでthatは使えない。 2. 空所補充問題 Contributions to the origins of letter "i" can be traced ----- to an ancient Egyptian hieroglyph showing the shape of a hand. (A) up (B) back (C) out (D) in ※正解(B)。【解説】 be traced back to... で「 ... にさかのぼる」の意味になるので正解は(B)。hieroglyph「象形文字」。 3. 空所補充問題 ----- a playwright and self-declared genius known for his incisive social comedies and his witty aphorisms exposing the ironies of life and hypocrisies of Victorian society. (A) Oscar Wilde being (B) Oscar Wilde (C) Being Oscar Wilde (D) Oscar Wilde was ※正解(D)。【解説】 この文の動詞は何か?空所以降には動詞は見あたらない。(D) Oscar Wilde wasのwasがこの文の動詞になる。aphorism「金言」、hypocrisy「偽善」。 4. 空所補充問題 If it hadn't been for the invention of the internal-combustion engine, the need for fuel oil ----- such an important geopolitical factor. (A) would become (B) may not become (C) might not have become (D) didn't become ※正解(C)。【解説】 If it hadn't been for... と仮定法の過去完了になっているので、might not have becomeを空所に入れれば「……がなかったら、〜にならなかったかも知れない」という意味になる。internal-combustion engine「内燃機関」。 5. 空所補充問題 Exposure to sunlight causes minor damage to the skin, stimulates the production of protective pigment cells, and ----- the synthesis of certain vitamins. (A) to promote (B) promotes (C) promoting (D) promoted ※正解(B)。【解説】 この文には動詞が3つある。causes、stimulates、さらにもう1つ空所に入るpromotesである。exposure「さらされること」、pigment「色素」、synthesis「合成」。 6. 正誤問題 FM, (A)its frequency modulation makes possible broadcasts (B)with less static interference (C)than broadcasts using AM, (D)which stands for amplitude modulation. ※正解(A)。【解説】 its → or。frequency modulationはFMのこと。したがって、itsではなくorを使う。前置詞with、less... than、関係代名詞whichの用法に問題はない。 7. 正誤問題 (A)Physical health is only one aspect of (B)a well-lived life, which also has social, (C)philosophically and emotional (D)components. ※正解(C)。【解説】 philosophically → philosophical。social, philosophically and emotionalに注目。philosophicallyだけが副詞になっている。ここでは他の2つの形容詞に形式を統一してphilosophicalにしなくてはいけない。 8. 正誤問題 (A)A first driver to reach (B)a speed of over 100 kilometers (C)did so in (D)an electric powered car in 1899. ※正解(A)。【解説】 A → The。文頭のA first driver to... は「……した最初のドライバー」の意味になる。冠詞AはTheにしなくてはいけない。 9. 正誤問題 The printing technique (A)used to deposit conductive materials (B)on the ceramic surfaces of computer chips (C)are (D)not unlike those used in the graphic arts. ※正解(C)。【解説】 are → is。used toの前にはthat/which isが略されている。前置詞onとnot unlike「変わりはない」に問題はない。この文の主語は単数The printing techniqueなので、areはそれに呼応してisになる。 10. 正誤問題 In 1900, New York readers (A)could choose (B)between 15 major city newspapers, (C)compared (D)only a few today. ※正解(C)。【解説】 compared → compared to。comparedに注目。compared to... とtoを付け足せば「……と比べて」の意味になる。 II.時事英文 How China Is Reorganizing World Economy (その16:全17回シリーズ) A serious downside of China's supercharged economy is the environmental degradation and pollution it is causing at home and worldwide. 中国の過給経済の深刻な下側は、それが自宅で、そして、世界中で引き起こしている環境劣化と汚染です。 Water pollution and a lack of clean drinking water are some of the most serious problems facing China, with many of its canals, rivers and lakes severely tainted by agricultural, industrial and household pollution. An estimated 20 percent of the population lives in severely polluted areas. 農業で、産業で、家庭の汚染によってひどく腐るその運河、川と湖の多くで、水質汚染ときれいな飲料水の不足は中国の前に現れている最も深刻な問題のいくらかです。 住民の約20パーセントは、ひどく汚染された地域に住んでいます。 III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆Marry in haste, and repent in leisure◆ There are many couples who, in the heat of passion, get married very quickly -- too quickly, because they do not know everything about the person they are marrying. Very often, a person will later discover things that they don't like about the person they have married, and because marriage is supposed to last until death, they will have a lot of time to regret their decision. III-c. 英語の新語 ◆Muffin-choker◆ A muffin-choker is a piece of news that is surprising, shocking, sensation - so much so that if you were eating a muffin when you read it, you would choke on the muffin. III -d. 英語でどう言う? 逆立ちする stand on one's hands 【例文】My 5-year-old son is good at standing on his hands. 腕立て伏せをする do a push-up 【例文】I do 30 push-ups every night before I go to bed. (起き上がり)腹筋運動をする do a sit-up 【例文】My wife has difficulty doing sit-ups. 縄跳びをする jump / skip rope 【例文】If you want to lose some weight, I suggest you jump rope 100 times every day. III-e 今週のイディオム on (upon) the heels of on (upon) one's heels 〜の直後に引き続いて、〜のすぐ後に続いて (very soon after something) 物や人がすぐ後に続いている様子をheel (かかと)を使って表現したイディオム。まるで歩いているかかとについて来るように、物事が続いて起こる場合に用いられます。また、「直後」を強調してcloseやhardを加えることもあります。 The tsunami came upon the heels of that earthquake. (その地震の直後に津波がやって来た) The first report followed hard on the heels of the plane crash. (飛行機墜落事故の直後にその第一報が報じられた) Tragedy and happiness came walking on each other's heels. (悲劇と幸福が交互にやって来た) IV. Jokes a. A man sitting at the bar drinking away his sorrows. Suddenly, he sees two squirrels burst through the front door and sit down next to him. Amazed, the man watches as they order drinks and eat from a bowl of nuts. Finally, the man gives up on trying to contain his curiosity. "Where did you two learn to talk?" he asks. "Wow, you're really drunk," the squirrel closest to him replies. "There's only one of me." b. Adam and Joseph were talking about their families. Adam said, My grandfather was a very good conductor before he died." "Was he a musician?" Joseph asked. "No," said Adam, "he was struck by lightning." c. They just hired a new consultant at my office. I asked him a question. He said, "I could tell you, but then I'd have to bill you." d. A chemist walks into a pharmacy and asks, "Do you have any acetylsalicylic acid?" The pharmacist says, "Do you mean aspirin?" "That's it!" says the chemist. "I can never remember the word." e. Bob: Al, when did you get a trombone? Al: I borrowed it from my neighbor's son. Bob: I didn't know you could play the trombone. Al: I can't. And now, neither can he. f. The bishop spoke to the congregation about the shortage of priests and nuns. "Too many of you are only having one child and letting them go off into other professions. I propose that each family should have three children: one for the father, one for the mother and one for the church." A few days later, the bishop was out shopping when he saw a pregnant woman from his parish. But before he could say hello, she shouted above the crowd, "This one is yours, Bishop!" |