資料No. : NS080416
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If you have the answers before the meeting tomorrow, we'll be able to have a discussion and _______ a step forward. (A) give (B) talk (C) walk (D) take 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The tables are set a good distance apart so it is possible to _______ an intimate conversation. (A) get (B) have (C) take (D) go 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Mr. White _______ the best out of his salesmen with an incentive plan that offers very generous rewards. (A) gives (B) owns (C) gets (D) pays 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 No matter _______ long it takes to finish the annual report, it must be done. (A) though (B) how (C) however (D) what 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Floods cause _______ amounting to hundreds of millions of dollars every year, as well as the loss of many lives. (A) damaging (B) to damage (C) damaged (D) damage 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A Hamburg-bound passenger train derailed June 3 in northern Germany, killing over 100 people and seriously _______ 200. (A) injuring (B) injured (C) to injure (D) being injured 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Walking in single file behind their teacher as she crossed the street _______ several elementary school students. (A) is (B) are (C) were (D) has been 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Traffic on the main streets downtown usually --- backed up at this time of day. (A) get (B) got (C) has gotten (D) gets 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 All employees are well aware that their lack of --- with the regulations could result in demotion or dismissal. (A) convergence (B) complaint (C) compliance (D) companion 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 One bad decision had --- him more time and money than he cared to admit. (A) cost (B) consumed (C) sacrificed (D) earned 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 He gave his (A)horse (B)a lump of sugar (C)because it (D)performs well. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I like (A)many kinds of foods: (B)Japanese, (C)Italian, Chinese, (D)France and American. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Because I have (A)a many (B)spare time, I have (C)decided to take a train trip (D)across America. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Proponents of cosmetic surgery construe it ----- an effective solution to problems of low self esteem. (A) for (B) to (C) as (D) of 2. 空所補充問題 According to the theory of economic "hollowing", a nation's economy is weakened when it ----- greater growth in service industries than in manufacturing industries. (A) experience (B) experiences (C) to experience (D) experiencing 3. 空所補充問題 Scientists now believe that somewhere on earth there ----- a catastrophic impact with an asteroid about 65 million years ago. (A) must (B) must be (C) must have (D) must have been 4. 空所補充問題 The first sporting event to be filmed was a boxing match ----- Jack Cushing and Mike Leonard in 1894, shot by Thomas Edison himself. (A) in (B) over (C) through (D) between 5. 空所補充問題 The pristine waters of Antarctica were fouled by an oil spill in 1989 for the first time ----- history. (A) on (B) in (C) at (D) of 6. 正誤問題 (A)For obvious reasons, it is considered (B)unethical for a student to have someone else (C)to write his or her term (D)papers. である。 7. 正誤問題 Trees are (A)the important part of the ecosystem, (B)since (C)they absorb the carbon dioxide (D)emitted by animals, and emit the oxygen animals need. 8. 正誤問題 (A)Almost doctors recommend (B)that patients avoid (C)indulging in smoking, excessive drinking and (D)a diet high in salt, sugar and fat. 9. 正誤問題 Ancient Greek (A)chronicler Herodotus traveled (B)to the far (C)reaches of the known world of the time and recorded (D)vast amount of information. 10. 正誤問題 Numerologists claim to (A)be able to judge character and (B)foretelling the future (C)through mathematical analysis of (D)known events. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If you have the answers before the meeting tomorrow, we'll be able to have a discussion and _______ a step forward. (A) give (B) talk (C) walk (D) take 訳:明日の会議前に解答が出れば、私たちは話し合って、もう少し処置を講じられるだろう。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】stepは「(成功などへの)1歩, 進歩;(前進などのための)手段, 処置」の意味をもつ。ここではa stepの連結する動詞を探す。take a stepで「踏み出す、一歩踏み込む」。広くはtake stepsは「手段を講じる、手を打つ」の形で用いられる。連結する形容詞はimportant, decisive, bold, drastic, false, dangerousなど。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The tables are set a good distance apart so it is possible to _______ an intimate conversation. (A) get (B) have (C) take (D) go 訳:テーブルは適当な距離に配置されていて、親密な会話を楽しむことができる。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】an intimate conversation「親密な会話」と結びつく動詞を探す。have [carry on, hold] a conversation with 〜で「〜と会話をする」の意味。 open [start] a conversation with 〜で「〜と会話を始める」の意味。「会話を止める」はbreak off a conversationと言う。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Mr. White _______ the best out of his salesmen with an incentive plan that offers very generous rewards. (A) gives (B) owns (C) gets (D) pays 訳:ホワイトさんは、かなり割のいい報奨金を出す刺激策で、販売員に最善を尽くさせた。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】the best out of 〜と結びつく動詞は何か。慣用表現の問題ということになるが、答えは(C)のgetsを選ぶ。get the best out of 〜で「〜の最高の状態を引き出す」という意味になる。an incentive planは「刺激策」。 【選択肢】make the best of 〜「〜を最大限に利用する」はよく使われる。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 No matter _______ long it takes to finish the annual report, it must be done. (A) though (B) how (C) however (D) what 訳:どんなに長くかかっても、年次報告書を仕上げなければならない。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】「No matter how+形容詞[副詞] 〜」(たとえどんなに〜でも)という譲歩の副詞節を作る。なお、これはNo matterを取って、 「However +形容詞[副詞] 〜」とも言い換えることできるが、この両者の形を混同しないように注意したい。 【選択肢】後ろにlongがあるので(D)のwhatを持ってくることは不可。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Floods cause _______ amounting to hundreds of millions of dollars every year, as well as the loss of many lives. (A) damaging (B) to damage (C) damaged (D) damage 訳:洪水は毎年、多くの人命の損失と同様に、何億ドルにものぼる損害をもたらしている。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】A as well as B「Bと同様にAも」という相関表現に注意して、形の並行性に努める。Bにあたるのはthe loss of many livesという名詞句。したがって、問題となる箇所も名詞句になる。なお、causeはここでは「〜を招く、〜の原因となる」という動詞で、問題の箇所はその目的語であることにも注意する。 【選択肢】(A) (B)とも名詞の働きはできるが、直後のamountingにも注意して、ここではずばり(D)を選ぶ。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A Hamburg-bound passenger train derailed June 3 in northern Germany, killing over 100 people and seriously _______ 200. (A) injuring (B) injured (C) to injure (D) being injured 訳:6月3日、ドイツ北部でハンブルク行きの客車が脱線し、100人以上が死亡して200人が重傷を負った。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】問題となる箇所はkilling over 100 people 「100人以上が死亡し」という分詞構文に並列することに注意。なおkillも他動詞であるが、injureも「〜を傷つける」という意味の他動詞であり、200「200人」が目的語となっている。 【選択肢】200が目的語にあり、(D)のように受け身にするのは誤り。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Walking in single file behind their teacher as she crossed the street _______ several elementary school students. (A) is (B) are (C) were (D) has been 訳:通りを渡る先生の後から1列に並んで歩いていくのは、何人かの小学生たちだった。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】分詞 (Walking) とその分詞が引き連れる長い要素が前置された倒置構文。まずは空所の後が主語名詞句であり、かつ複数(several ... students)であることを押さえれば (A) のisと (D) のhas beenが消える。(B) と (C) の違いは時制だが、落ち着いて読み返せばas she crossedが目に止まるはず。asは時の接続詞。their(後方照応)はstudentsを指す。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Traffic on the main streets downtown usually --- backed up at this time of day. (A) get (B) got (C) has gotten (D) gets ※正解(D)。時制の問題です。this time of dayから現在の話だと推測でき、usuallyから動詞の形は単純形だろうと判断できます。ちなみにget (be) backed upで「渋滞する」の意味です。 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 All employees are well aware that their lack of --- with the regulations could result in demotion or dismissal. (A) convergence (B) complaint (C) compliance (D) companion ※正解(C)。語彙問題です。Compliance「(規則、法令などの)順守」の意味で最近特によく使われており、日本語でもカタカナになっています。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 One bad decision had --- him more time and money than he cared to admit. (A) cost (B) consumed (C) sacrificed (D) earned ※正解(A)。一見すると語彙問題ですが、動詞の語法問題です。空所の後を見ると名詞が2つ並んでいることから、空所にはSVOOの形を取るAかDが入ることが分かります。cost XYで「XにY (負担)を払わせる」の意味です。 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 He gave his (A)horse (B)a lump of sugar (C)because it (D)performs well. 訳:上手に演技したので、彼は馬に砂糖を一塊やった。 ※正解(D)。performs → performed。(B) lump「(不定形の)塊」a lump of sugar「角砂糖(1個)」[ヒント]時制の一致。 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I like (A)many kinds of foods: (B)Japanese, (C)Italian, Chinese, (D)France and American. 訳:わたしは食べ物は、日本食、イタリアン、中華、フレンチ、アメリカの食べ物、何でも好きです。 ※正解(D)。France → French。(D) France [名] French [形] 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Because I have (A)a many (B)spare time, I have (C)decided to take a train trip (D)across America. 訳:自由になる時間がたくさんあるから、アメリカ横断列車旅行をすることに決めました。 ※正解(A)。a many → much / a lot of。(A) manyは複数名詞の前に用いる。不可算名詞にはmuchを使う。a manyという言い方もない。(B) spare「(時間など)余分な」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Proponents of cosmetic surgery construe it ----- an effective solution to problems of low self esteem. (A) for (B) to (C) as (D) of ※正解(C)。【解説】 construe〜as ... で「〜を…b…と解釈する」の意味になる。proponent「支持者」、self esteem「自尊心」。 2. 空所補充問題 According to the theory of economic "hollowing", a nation's economy is weakened when it ----- greater growth in service industries than in manufacturing industries. (A) experience (B) experiences (C) to experience (D) experiencing ※正解(B)。【解説】 空所にはwhen節の動詞が入ることになるので(B) experiencesが正解となる。hollowing「空洞化」。 3. 空所補充問題 Scientists now believe that somewhere on earth there ----- a catastrophic impact with an asteroid about 65 million years ago. (A) must (B) must be (C) must have (D) must have been ※正解(D)。【解説】 文末のabout 65 million years agoからわかるように空所には過去の出来事を表す語句が入るはずである。(D) must have beenを空所に入れれば「隕石による壊滅的な衝突があったに違いない」という意味になる。 4. 空所補充問題 The first sporting event to be filmed was a boxing match ----- Jack Cushing and Mike Leonard in 1894, shot by Thomas Edison himself. (A) in (B) over (C) through (D) between ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所の後にandを挟んでJack CushingとMike Leonardが並んでいる点に注目。正解は(D) betweenである。 5. 空所補充問題 The pristine waters of Antarctica were fouled by an oil spill in 1989 for the first time ----- history. (A) on (B) in (C) at (D) of ※正解(B)。【解説】 for the first time in historyで「歴史上で初めて」の意味になる。pristine「自然のままの、原始時代の」、foul「汚す」。 6. 正誤問題 (A)For obvious reasons, it is considered (B)unethical for a student to have someone else (C)to write his or her term (D)papers. ※正解(C)。【解説】 to write → write/writing。前置詞for、unethical「非倫理的な」の用法に問題はない。「have+人+動詞原形」で「(人に)させる、してもらう」の意味になるのでtoは必要ない。この場合のpaper「レポート、論文」は可算名詞である。 7. 正誤問題 Trees are (A)the important part of the ecosystem, (B)since (C)they absorb the carbon dioxide (D)emitted by animals, and emit the oxygen animals need. ※正解(A)。【解説】 the → an。「一部分」を表す場合にはthe part ofではなくa part ofを用いる。接続詞since、treesを受けるtheyの用法に問題はない。emitted by ... の前にはthat/which isが略されている。ecosystem「生態系」、carbon dioxide「二酸化炭素」、emit「放出する」。 8. 正誤問題 (A)Almost doctors recommend (B)that patients avoid (C)indulging in smoking, excessive drinking and (D)a diet high in salt, sugar and fat. ※正解(A)。【解説】 Almost → Most。文頭のAlmostに注目。「ほとんどの ... は」と言う場合には、AlmostではなくMostを用いる。indulge in ... 「……にふける、おぼれる」。 9. 正誤問題 Ancient Greek (A)chronicler Herodotus traveled (B)to the far (C)reaches of the known world of the time and recorded (D)vast amount of information. ※正解(D)。【解説】 vast → a vast。chronicler「年代記作者」、traveled to ... 「 ……に旅した」に問題はない。この場合のreachは名詞でfar reachesで「はるか彼方」の意味。amount「量」は可算名詞なのでvastの前には冠詞aが必要である。 10. 正誤問題 Numerologists claim to (A)be able to judge character and (B)foretelling the future (C)through mathematical analysis of (D)known events. ※正解(B)。【解説】 foretelling → foretell。be able toに問題はない。foretellingはjudge同様be able toの後に続いているのでここではforetellingではなく原形foretellを用いる。throughは「……によって」、knownは「既知の」という意味。numerologists「数占い師」。 II.時事英文 How China Is Reorganizing World Economy (その15:全17回シリーズ) Winners or Losers? 勝者または敗者? Furthermore, it's hard to tell who is winning or losing in doing business with China. さらにまた、誰が勝っているか、中国で取引することに負けているかについて見分けるのは難しいです。 Chinese officials (L) and their US counterparts (R) face each other during their Strategic Economic Dialogue discussions at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing last December 中国の当局(L)と彼らの米対応する物(R)は、この12月、北京の人民大会堂で、彼らのStrategic Economic Dialogue議論の間、互いに向き合います "When you are talking about U.S. corporations, for example, or multinational corporations that are manufacturing in China: is that a Chinese domination or domination of a particular corporate interest?" asks Schiffer. "If the United State receives advantages -- whether it's China's ability to continue to underwrite our deficits or cheaper goods for U.S. consumers -- is that a U.S. advantage or Chinese advantage? It's more complicated than just who's on top and who's on the bottom." 「あなたが米会社について話しているとき、たとえば、あるいは、多国籍企業はとても中国での製造です:それは、特定の会社関心の中国の支配か支配ですか?」、シッファーに尋ねます。 「ユナイテッド州が利点を受けるならば−それが米国の消費者のために我々の赤字またはより安い商品の保険を引き受け続ける中国の能力であるかどうかに関係なく−それは、米国の優位性か中国の利点ですか?正当であるより、それは複雑です。そして、トップでいて、そして、底でいる。」 III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆Knowledge is power◆ According to this proverb, the more you know the more powerful you are. The more knowledge you have the greater your ability to change your environment. Also, the more you know about someone, the more power and influence you have over them. III-c. 英語の新語 ◆Mouse potato◆ A couch potato is a person who spends all his or her leisure time sitting on the couch and watching television. A mouse potato is a person who spends all his or her leisure sitting in front of the computer, surfing the Net. "Mouse" here means a computer mouse. III -d. 英語でどう言う? 本棚のほこりを払う dust the bookshelf 【例文】She dusts the bookshelves every morning. 〜に掃除機をかける use a vacuum cleaqner on 【例文】My sister is using a vacuum cleaner on the carpet in her bedroom. トイレの詰まりを直す unclog the toilet 【例文】We have to unclog the toilet before the guests come. (収集のために)ゴミを出す put out / take out the garbage 【例文】Don't forget to put out the garbege tomorrow. III-e 今週のイディオム get a word in edgewise (人の話に)言葉を差しはさむ、口を出す (get a chance to say something) 文字通りには「単語をedgewise (横から)から差しはさむ」の意味で、相手が会話を独占している状況で、一言入れるという場合に使われます。 He was so eager to tell me about his new girlfriend that I couldn't get a word in edgewise. (彼はあまりに熱心に新しい彼女について私に話したので、僕は言葉を差しはさむことができなかった) Once Cindy starts talking, it's difficult to get a word in edgewise. (シンディが1度話を始めたら、口をはさむのは難しい) She talks so much, you'll be lucky to get a word in edgewise. (彼女はすごくよく話すから、君が言葉を差しはさめたら運がいいよ) IV. Jokes a. When I was at the hospital being prepared for surgery, the floor nurse asked, "Which eye is to be operated on?" I answered, "The left eye is the right eye. The right eye is the wrong eye." b. Sign posted in a Manila church: "Please do not leave your belongings unattended. Someone might think it's the answer to their prayers." c. My sister walked into the butcher shop and ordered the biggest porterhouse steak they had. "And please cut off all the fat," she added. "You sure you want all the fat off?" the butcher asked. "Yes, it's much easier to take it off here," she explained, "than after I've eaten it." d. Flying near Pittsburgh on the way to St Louis, the pilot announced, "A very special treat for the passengers on the left side. Look straight down and you'll see a large white house. Here, let me show you." At this point he actually tipped the plane so the passengers could see. "That's my ex-wife's house. I know it's her house because that's her lawyer's BMW in the driveway." d. Upon arriving in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, the British Airways steward reportedly told passengers, "Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Riyadh. For the correct local time, please set your watches back 300 years." |