資料No. : NS080402
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 (A) If (B) When (C) That (D) Whether 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I have _______ many CDs as Henry. (A) three times so (B) three time as (C) as three times (D) three times as 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The estimate we agreed upon was _______ of the two. (A) a lower (B) the lower (C) the lowest (D) the most lowest 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When it comes to the atmosphere, this restaurant is not _______ as the one we went to last week. (A) as good (B) so better (C) more better (D) such the best 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ he survived such a terrible accident is a mystery to us. (A) As (B) How (C) Though (D) Therefore 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A man in a black coat _______ me of my wallet. (A) attacked (B) stole (C) robbed (D) asked 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ our opinion, it would be better to ship them by air. (A) In (B) For (C) Of (D) As 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The more --- the backgrounds of the employees working on the project, the more original the results of the collaboration are likely to be. (A) diverse (B) diversity (C) diversely (D) diversion 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The morning discussion was --- to only the most pressing issues because we were short of time. (A) controlled (B) strict (C) limited (D) mentioned 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 --- he was asked the same question repeatedly, the politician successfully avoided answering every time. (A) Despite (B) Although (C) However (D) Because 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 He (A)rarely studies, (B)but he (C)often read comic books (D)instead. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Give me a hand (B)picking on my room and (C)I'll help you with (D)yours. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The pachinko shop, (A)which usually (B)opens at 10:00, (C)will open two hours (D)early than usual next Saturday. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 During a period of about 50 years ----- began in 450 A.D., three tribes, the Jutes, the Angles and the Saxons, conquered most of England. (A) it (B) when (C) that (D) whose 2. 空所補充問題 After years of rapid growth, Thailand's economy suffered a series of crises in 1998 that were related to -----. (A) a wave of Asia-wide currency devaluation (B) Asia-wide of a wave of currency devaluation (C) a currency devaluation of the Asia-wide wave (D) of an Asia-wide wave currency devaluation 3. 空所補充問題 In a commodity exchange, buyers and sellers of contracts related to the production and ----- of goods come together in a central marketplace. (A) delivering (B) delivered (C) deliver (D) delivery 4. 空所補充問題 The Nobel prizes were suspended ----- 1940 due to the chaotic international situation. (A) on (B) of (C) in (D) as 5. 空所補充問題 The fictional story of Robinson Crusoe was based on the true story of Alexander Selkirk, a castaway who succeeded ----- himself for years on a deserted island. (A) in sheltering and feeding (B) to shelter and to feed (C) at shelter and of feeding (D) of sheltering and feeding 6. 正誤問題 Many (A)philosophy, theologians and other thinkers have said (B)that the most satisfied person is one (C)whose desires are limited (D)to the basic necessities that sustain life. 7. 正誤問題 (A)Sharks attacks are (B)more frequent in the early dawn and (C)at twilight hours, when the light conditions make floating swimmers more conspicuous (D)to the fish. 8. 正誤問題 (A)Due to variations in air pressure, the boiling temperature of water is higher (B)at sea level (C)then (D)it is at greater altitudes. 9. 正誤問題 Esperanto is (A)an artificial language (B)whose grammar is based (C)in Latin and (D)other European languages. 10. 正誤問題 Politicians must (A)constantly risk (B)to lose political capital (C)as a consequence of maintaining high ethical (D)standards. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 (A) If (B) When (C) That (D) Whether 訳:彼らが締め切りに間に合わせられるかどうかが問題だ。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】SV or notの節と結びついて全体として主語節を形成できるのは (D) のWhetherのみ。ifは主語節は導けない。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I have _______ many CDs as Henry. (A) three times so (B) three time as (C) as three times (D) three times as 訳:私はヘンリーの3倍多くのCDを持っている。 ※正解(D)。 【着眼点】原級を用いた倍数表現ではas ... asの最初のasの直前にtwice, three [four, five, etc.] timesなどの倍数詞が置かれる。したがって正解は (D)。 【選択肢】 (A) はsoが不可だが、これは倍数表現に限らないので注意( → He is as [×so] tall as I.)。肯定文で用いられたas ... asをso ... asに代えた出題は誤文訂正問題でも頻出。(B) はtimeが単数形なので不可。(C) は語順が不可。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The estimate we agreed upon was _______ of the two. (A) a lower (B) the lower (C) the lowest (D) the most lowest 訳:2つの提示額のうち、話がまとまったのは安いほうの見積りだった。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】空所の後のof the twoに注目。2者間の比較で「より〜なほう」という文脈であるから (C) や (D) は不可だが、(D) のほうは最上級のlowestにmostがついていることからしても問題外。なお、(D) のような組み合わせは誤文訂正問題ではよく出されている。(A) は冠詞のaが問題。「2つのうちのより〜なほう」のように指し示す対象が1つに定まる文脈ではtheを用いる。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When it comes to the atmosphere, this restaurant is not _______ as the one we went to last week. (A) as good (B) so better (C) more better (D) such the best 訳:雰囲気ということで言えば、このレストランは先週行ったレストランほどは良くない。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】比較の対象がas the oneとasで導入されているから原級比較であり、(A) を選ぶことになる。oneはここではrestaurantをくり返す代わりに用いられた代用表現。when it comes to 〜 は「〜に関して言えば、〜という点になると」の意の慣用表現。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ he survived such a terrible accident is a mystery to us. (A) As (B) How (C) Though (D) Therefore 訳:あんな大事故に遭いながら彼がどうやって助かったのか不思議だ。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】he survived such a terrible accidentは、これ自体が文として独立できる構造を備えており、その後には「is(V)+a mystery(C)+to us(副詞句)」という主語を欠く構造が続いている。このことから文頭にはhe ... accidentの節全体を主語として機能できる名詞節にまとめ上げる語が要求されているとわかる。そして、それが可能なのはhowだけである( → how ... = いかにして…したかというその方 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A man in a black coat _______ me of my wallet. (A) attacked (B) stole (C) robbed (D) asked 訳:黒いコートを着た男が私の財布を奪いました。 ※正解(C)。「奪う、盗む」という意味の動詞が入るのではないかということは比較的容易に察しがつきます。だからといって、安易に(B)stole を選んではいけません。単語の用法が違うのです。動詞+人+ of +物の形をとる「奪う」でなければなりません。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ our opinion, it would be better to ship them by air. (A) In (B) For (C) Of (D) As 訳:私たちの意見では、航空便で発送したほうがよいでしょう。 ※正解(A)。「私の意見では」という表現を、英語でそのまま覚えておくのが最も近道です。opinion に対しての前置詞が何になるのかを理屈で覚えようとしてもなかなか理解しきれるものではありません。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The more --- the backgrounds of the employees working on the project, the more original the results of the collaboration are likely to be. (A) diverse (B) diversity (C) diversely (D) diversion ※正解(A)。選択肢から品詞問題だと分かります。カンマの直前にareを補うとthe backgrounds … are diverseの文がthe +比較級、the +比較級の構文で語順が変わったことに気付きます。 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The morning discussion was --- to only the most pressing issues because we were short of time. (A) controlled (B) strict (C) limited (D) mentioned ※正解(C)。語彙問題です。Limitは「制限する」の意味で動詞としてもよく使われます。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 --- he was asked the same question repeatedly, the politician successfully avoided answering every time. (A) Despite (B) Although (C) However (D) Because ※正解(B)。選択肢から接続詞の問題だと分かります。空所の後がS + V …, S + Vとなっているので、空所には接続詞が入ります。従って前置詞のAは不適です。Cも副詞なので不適。文の意味を考えると逆説になっていることから正解が分かります。 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 He (A)rarely studies, (B)but he (C)often read comic books (D)instead. 訳:彼はめったに勉強しないで、かわりによく漫画を読む。 ※正解(C)。often read → often reads。(A) rarely「めったに〜しない」(D) instead「その代わりとして、それよりも」[ヒント]主語(三人数単数)に呼応する動詞。 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Give me a hand (B)picking on my room and (C)I'll help you with (D)yours. 訳:部屋を片付けるの、手伝ってくれない?そっちも手伝うから。 ※正解(B)。picking on → picking up。(A) give a person a hand「人を手伝う」(B) pick on<口語>「(人)に小言を言う」pick up「(部屋を)片付ける」 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The pachinko shop, (A)which usually (B)opens at 10:00, (C)will open two hours (D)early than usual next Saturday. 訳:あのパチンコ屋は普通10時に開店するが、次の土曜日にはいつもより2時間早く開く。 ※正解(D)。erly → earlier。[ヒント] thanは形容詞・副詞の比較給を伴う。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 During a period of about 50 years ----- began in 450 A.D., three tribes, the Jutes, the Angles and the Saxons, conquered most of England. (A) it (B) when (C) that (D) whose ※正解(C)。【解説】 three tribes... the Saxonsがこの文の主語、動詞がconqueredである。空所にitを入れると主語と動詞がダブることになる。when、whoseが使えないのは明らか。正解は関係代名詞thatである。 2. 空所補充問題 After years of rapid growth, Thailand's economy suffered a series of crises in 1998 that were related to -----. (A) a wave of Asia-wide currency devaluation (B) Asia-wide of a wave of currency devaluation (C) a currency devaluation of the Asia-wide wave (D) of an Asia-wide wave currency devaluation ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所の前のtoは前置詞なので、その後には名詞が来るはずである。このことから形容詞Asia-wideと前置詞ofで始まる(B)と(D)は除外できる。(C)ではAsia-wide wave「アジア全体に渡る波」とcurrency devaluation「通貨切り下げ」がうまく繋がらない。正解は(A)「アジア全体に渡る通貨切り下げの波」である。 3. 空所補充問題 In a commodity exchange, buyers and sellers of contracts related to the production and ----- of goods come together in a central marketplace. (A) delivering (B) delivered (C) deliver (D) delivery ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所の前に名詞productionが使われている点に注目。このproductionと空所の語はその後に続くofにかかっているので、ここでは名詞delivery「配達」を使う。commodity「商品」、marketplace「市場」。 4. 空所補充問題 The Nobel prizes were suspended ----- 1940 due to the chaotic international situation. (A) on (B) of (C) in (D) as ※正解(C)。【解説】 suspend「見合わせる、一時中止する」の意味こだわる必要はない。in 1940で「1940年に」の意味になる。 5. 空所補充問題 The fictional story of Robinson Crusoe was based on the true story of Alexander Selkirk, a castaway who succeeded ----- himself for years on a deserted island. (A) in sheltering and feeding (B) to shelter and to feed (C) at shelter and of feeding (D) of sheltering and feeding ※正解(A)。【解説】 succeed「……に成功する」という意味でこの後に動詞を続ける場合には、succeed+前置詞in+動名詞にする。この形になっているのは(A)である。castaway「漂流者」。 6. 正誤問題 Many (A)philosophy, theologians and other thinkers have said (B)that the most satisfied person is one (C)whose desires are limited (D)to the basic necessities that sustain life. ※正解(A)。philosophy → philosophers。philosophyの後にtheologians「神学者」、thinkers「思想家」と人が来ているので、それに合わせてphilosophy「哲学」もphilosophers「哲学者」にしなくてはいけない。sustain「維持する」。 7. 正誤問題 (A)Sharks attacks are (B)more frequent in the early dawn and (C)at twilight hours, when the light conditions make floating swimmers more conspicuous (D)to the fish. ※正解(A)。Sharks → Shark。「鮫の攻撃」と言う場合には、複数形ではなく単数形Sharkを用いる。比較級more frequent、前置詞at、toの用法に問題はない。 8. 正誤問題 (A)Due to variations in air pressure, the boiling temperature of water is higher (B)at sea level (C)then (D)it is at greater altitudes. ※正解(C)。then → than。これは比較級の文である。ならばhigherの後にはthanが来るはずである。altitude「高度、標高」。 9. 正誤問題 Esperanto is (A)an artificial language (B)whose grammar is based (C)in Latin and (D)other European languages. ※正解(C)。in → on。冠詞an、関係代名詞whoseの用法に誤りはない。be based「……に基づく」の後に来る前置詞はinではなくonである。other European languages「他のヨーロッパの言語」。 10. 正誤問題 Politicians must (A)constantly risk (B)to lose political capital (C)as a consequence of maintaining high ethical (D)standards. ※正解(B)。to lose → losing。動詞riskはその後に動名詞を続けて「あえて……する」という意味を表すので、to loseをlosingにすればいい。副詞constantly、前置詞as... 「……として」、複数形standardsの用法に問題はない。 II.時事英文 How China Is Reorganizing World Economy (その13:全17回シリーズ) "Japan, China, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore are all pursuing export-led strategies. They are all managing their currencies in order to keep them undervalued. They are all maintaining very high savings rates, 50 percent savings rates, investing heavily in export industries and depending for growth to a very large extent on exporting to the U.S," points out Prestowitz. 「日本、中国、韓国、台湾、シンガポール共和国のすべては、輸出主導の戦略を進めています。 彼ら全員は、彼らを過小評価しておくために、彼らの通貨を管理しています。 彼ら全員は非常に高い貯蓄率(50パーセントの貯蓄率)を維持しています。そして、重く輸出産業に投資して、U.Sに輸出することに非常に大きな範囲に成長のために場合によります」、点はプレストウィッツの同性愛を暴露します。 III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆It is good fishing in troubled waters◆ According to this proverb, it is easy to get fish when the water is rough or flowing very quickly. This means that it is easy to take advantage of someone when they are going through difficult times. III-c. 英語の新語 ◆Me-moir◆ Pronounced "mee-mwah," a me-moir is a type of memoir (a person's written recollections about their life). Most memoirs are self-centered but the me-moir is extremely self-centered. Everything is seen to revolve around the writer. III -d. 英語でどう言う? 写真を撮る take a picture / pictures 【例文】Excuse me, would you please take a picture for me? シャッターを切る / 押す press the shutter 【例文】He quickly pressed the shutter. 三脚を立てる set up a tripod 【例文】Let's set up a tripod here. 「はい、チーズ」 say cheese 【例文】Come on, everybody. Say cheese. III-e 今週のイディオム to the tune of 〜もの高額で (used to emphasize how large an amount or number is) 請求・損失などの額の大きさを強調して使われます。特に法外に高い場合や、予想よりも高い支払いを請求された場合に用いるのが一般的です。「〜の曲に合わせて」という文字通りの意味もあります。 The car cost me somewhere to the tune of six month's salary. (その車は私の給料の6カ月分ほどの値段だった) I had to pay for all the damage to the tune of \i million. (私が100万円もの損害額をすべて支払わなければならなかった) In order to expand our business, we need capital to the tune of \30 million. (事業拡張資金として3,000万円もの大金が必要だ) IV. Jokes a. An atheist is walking through the forest when Big Foot jumps out at him. As he approaches menacingly, the atheist yells, "Lord, save me!" Seconds later, a voice rumbles from heaven, !I thought you didn't believe in me." "Well," the man says, "until a minute ago, I didn't believe in Big Foot either." b. A marine biologist was telling his friends about some of his most recent research findings. "Some whales can communicate at a distance of 300 kilometers," he said. "What the hell would one whale say to another 300 kilometers away?" asked his sarcastic friend. "I'm not absolutely sure," the expert said, "but it sounds something like 'Can you hear me now?'" c. The Year Three teacher had to leave her classroom for a few minutes. On returning, she found the children in perfect order. She was absolutely stunned. "I've never seen anything like it before," she said. "Please tell me what came over you? Why are you so well behaved and quiet?" Finally, little Julie stood up and said. "One time you said that if you ever came back and found us quiet, you would drop dead." drop dead 急死する d. The last thing my friend remembered was ordering a drink at the bar. After that, it was all a blur, except for the nagging feeling that people were staring at him. The next day, he couldn't find his hat. Figuring he'd left it at the bar, he took a walk over. "Looking for your hat?" asked the bartender. "Yes," said my friend. As the bartender handed it over, he added, "And would you like your pants too?" |