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資料No. ： NS080326
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Your prompt _______ to our proposal would be highly appreciated. (A) respond (B) response (C) to respond (D) responded 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Let them _______ as they like. They'll never listen to us. (A) do (B) to do (C) to be doing (D) to have done 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I was just about to leave home, _______ the phone rang. (A) that (B) why (C) when (D) at that time 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Your children have passed the age _______ they need to worry about such illnesses. (A) why (B) how (C) when (D) which 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The real estate agent has three apartments to show you _______ is very near your workplace. (A) , one of them (B) , one of which (C) none of whom (D) some of which 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 One of my colleagues is moving to the house _______ is opposite ours. (A) who (B) whom (C) which (D) where 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Many of the problems _______ we will face in the next century will be environmental ones. (A) that (B) whom (C) on which (D) that are 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Japan's economic recovery after the war had been --- fast by any measure. (A) remarking (B) remarkable (C) remarkably (D) remarked 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Sharp business attire can give the --- of confidence even if one is feeling anxious inside. (A) appearance (B) style (C) fashion (D) environment 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 --- by the constant noise coming drom next door, Keith finally decided to confront his neighbor about it. (A) Irritation (B) Irritating (C) Irritatingly (D) Irritated 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 What (A)did you see (B)on your trip (C)at (D)southeast Asia? 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The (A)complexness of the (B)human brain is (C)far beyond that of the (D)most sophisticated computer. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Ted (A)was interviewed (B)for several jobs, but was not (C)excepted by (D)any of the companies. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Kenneth Starr was an American lawyer ----- rose to prominence during his investigation of then President Bill Clinton in the late 1990s. (A) he (B) who (C) they (D) it 2. 空所補充問題 In grammatical terms, a transitive verb ----- the passive or active voice. (A) may be used in either (B) to be used in either may (C) used in either may be to (D) to either may be used in 3. 空所補充問題 The population of London ----- 1 million for the first time in 1811. (A) got (B) arrived (C) achieved (D) reached 4. 空所補充問題 The work of major Victorian poet Gerard Manley Hopkins ----- until 1918. (A) virtually unknown was (B) unknown was virtually (C) was virtually unknown (D) unknown virtually was 5. 空所補充問題 Archaeologists ----- for the intact skeletons of extinct wooly mammoths buried under frozen tundra often use hair driers to thaw the surrounding ground. (A) search (B) searching (C) they search (D) to be searched 6. 正誤問題 The first nonstop (A)round-the-world flight (B)relied on in-flight (C)refueling and (D)takes 94 hours, 1 minute. 7. 正誤問題 In 1937, broadcasters (A)honored Guglielmo Marconi, (B)inventor of the radio, (C)let the airwaves (D)fall silent for two minutes. 8. 正誤問題 8. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The long dispute (A)between the Northern and Southern United States (B)over whether slavery should continue (C)came to (D)head after the Mexican War ended in 1848. 9. 正誤問題 In 1966, Poland celebrated (A)the1,000th anniversary of (B)its (C)found and conversion (D)to Christianity. 10. 正誤問題 (A)After more calories (B)than necessary are ingested, the body stores the energy in fat cells, (C)that can be metabolized (D)when needed. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Your prompt _______ to our proposal would be highly appreciated. (A) respond (B) response (C) to respond (D) responded 訳：当社の提案に早急にお返事願えれば幸いです。 ※正解(B)。ビジネス・レターでよく使用される文です。Your の後ろには名詞があることが予想されますが、prompt の品詞を見極めることがまず大切です。これが「迅速な」の意味の形容詞であることが分かれば、その後ろに名詞がこなければいけないことが明らかになります。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Let them _______ as they like. They'll never listen to us. (A) do (B) to do (C) to be doing (D) to have done 訳：彼らのしたいようにさせよう。私たちの言うことなんて聞かないだろうから。 ※正解(A)。「…させてあげる」の意味の使役動詞 let は、let ＋目的語＋原形動詞の形をとります。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I was just about to leave home, _______ the phone rang. (A) that (B) why (C) when (D) at that time 訳：ちょうど家を出ようとしていたそのときに、電話が鳴った。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】選択肢のうちで、接続詞機能を有し、かつコンマを介して2つの節を連結できるのは非制限用法をもつ関係副詞のwhenのみである。なお、この場合のwhenは前の節全体を先行詞とする。be about to 〜 は「まさに［今にも］〜しようとしている」の意。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Your children have passed the age _______ they need to worry about such illnesses. (A) why (B) how (C) when (D) which 訳：あなたのお子さんたちは、そういった病気を心配する年齢はもう過ぎました。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】選択肢はすべて関係詞だが、先行詞がthe ageという「時」を表す名詞句であるから (A) と (B) は消える。次に、このthe ageを受けてthey need to worry about such illnessesの節にどう結びつけていくかだが、the ageという名詞句のままではどこにも差し込む適当な場所はない。したがって、名詞句だけの代用となる関係代名詞 (which) は不可。whenであれば「その年齢において［その年齢のときに］they need to以下である」が成立するのでうまくつながることになる。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The real estate agent has three apartments to show you _______ is very near your workplace. (A) , one of them (B) , one of which (C) none of whom (D) some of which 訳：その不動産屋にはあなたに見せるアパートの物件が3つあるが、そのうちの1つはあなたの職場にとても近い。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】whichやwhomがofを介して数［量］詞と結びつく'one [some, any, none, all, both, several, enough, many, few, etc.] of which [whom]'の形は非制限用法なので、コンマのない (C) , (D) は不可。加えて (C) は先行詞 (three apartments) が人でない点、(D) は関係詞節内の動詞が単数 (is) である点でも不可。コンマだけで節を結ぶ (A) も不可。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 One of my colleagues is moving to the house _______ is opposite ours. (A) who (B) whom (C) which (D) where 訳：同僚の1人が我が家の向かいの家に引越してきます。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】the houseを先行詞にとり、空所の後のisに対する主語として機能できるものを選ぶ。 【選択肢】(D) は関係副詞で主語になれない。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Many of the problems _______ we will face in the next century will be environmental ones. (A) that (B) whom (C) on which (D) that are 訳：来世紀に我々が直面する問題は、多くが環境問題となるであろう。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】述語動詞が2つ（will face, will be）ある（ → faceは法助動詞willがあるから当然動詞）。そこで前者は文中に埋め込まれた関係詞節に属し、後者はその関係詞節を包み込む主節に属すると考えてみる。そして関係詞節を導く関係代名詞を選択肢から選ぶわけだが、空所の左に人はないから (B) は不可。残りについては関係詞節（＝空所からwill beの前まで）の内部構造が判断の決め手。we will face in the next centuryにproblemsをどう組み込むか。faceには主語 (we) はあるが目的語がない。したがってface the problems（= that）がはまる。face on the problems（= on which）のface on 〜 は「場所的に〜に面している」の意で用いないとおかしい。(D) は問題外。 are ---> is 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Japan's economic recovery after the war had been --- fast by any measure. (A) remarking (B) remarkable (C) remarkably (D) remarked ※正解(C)。選択肢から品詞問題だと分かります。空所の直後の副詞fastを修飾しているので、空所には副詞が入ります。 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Sharp business attire can give the --- of confidence even if one is feeling anxious inside. (A) appearance (B) style (C) fashion (D) environment ※正解(A)。語彙(ごい)問題です。appearance「概観、風貌(ぼう)、様子」の意味。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 --- by the constant noise coming drom next door, Keith finally decided to confront his neighbor about it. (A) Irritation (B) Irritating (C) Irritatingly (D) Irritated ※正解(D)。文の構造に気を付けて見ると、分詞構文を用いた文だと分かります。空所の前に主節の主語Keithを補うとKeith was irritated ...となるため、分詞構文を作るとBeing irritatedとなります。受身のBeingは通常省略されます。 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 What (A)did you see (B)on your trip (C)at (D)southeast Asia? 訳：東南アジア旅行中、何を見ましたか？ ※正解(C)。at → in / to。trip<+ to>「(〜への)旅行」 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The (A)complexness of the (B)human brain is (C)far beyond that of the (D)most sophisticated computer. 訳：人間の頭脳の複雑さは、精巧を極めたコンピューターでも及ばない。 ※正解(A)。complexness → complexity。(A) complexity<+ of>「複雑さ」<+ of>「複雑なもの」(C) far「(程度に関して)はるかに」beyond程度・到達などを表して「〜の範囲を越えて、〜以上に」(D) sophisticated機械・技術など最新技術を導入して「きわめて複雑な、精巧な、高性能の」 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Ted (A)was interviewed (B)for several jobs, but was not (C)excepted by (D)any of the companies. 訳：テッドは仕事の面接をいくつか受けたけど、どの会社にも受け入れられなかった。 ※正解(C)。excepted → accepted。(C) except<+ from>「(〜を〜から)除く、除外する｣accept「(人を学生・会員などとして)受け入れる」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Kenneth Starr was an American lawyer ----- rose to prominence during his investigation of then President Bill Clinton in the late 1990s. (A) he (B) who (C) they (D) it ※正解(B)。【解説】 he、they、itでは前後の文が繋がらない。関係代名詞whoを使えばいい。rise to prominence「有名になる」。 2. 空所補充問題 In grammatical terms, a transitive verb ----- the passive or active voice. (A) may be used in either (B) to be used in either may (C) used in either may be to (D) to either may be used in ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所にはこの文の動詞が入る。したがって、to不定詞の(B)と(D)は不可。(C)の語順は明らかにおかしい。正解は(A)である。transitive verb「他動詞」。 3. 空所補充問題 The population of London ----- 1 million for the first time in 1811. (A) got (B) arrived (C) achieved (D) reached ※正解(D)。【解説】 「……に達した」という意味にするにはreachを使う。get、arriveともに前置詞が必要である。achieveは「達成する、成し遂げる」という意味。 4. 空所補充問題 The work of major Victorian poet Gerard Manley Hopkins ----- until 1918. (A) virtually unknown was (B) unknown was virtually (C) was virtually unknown (D) unknown virtually was ※正解(C)。was knownの語順にすることはすぐに分かるだろう。副詞virtually「ほとんど」の位置は？ 過去分詞knownの前である。 5. 空所補充問題 Archaeologists ----- for the intact skeletons of extinct wooly mammoths buried under frozen tundra often use hair driers to thaw the surrounding ground. (A) search (B) searching (C) they search (D) to be searched ※正解(B)。【解説】 この文の動詞はuseである。したがって、searchは使えない。they searchを使うと主語がダブってしまう。to be searched forでは意味が通らない。正解は、分詞searchingである。archaeologist「考古学者」、intact「損なわれていない」、tundra「ツンドラ」。 6. 正誤問題 The first nonstop (A)round-the-world flight (B)relied on in-flight (C)refueling and (D)takes 94 hours, 1 minute. ※正解(D)。takes → took。reliedからも分かるようにこれは過去形の文である。takesをtookにしなければいけない。round-the-world「世界一周の」、in-flight refueling「空中給油」。 7. 正誤問題 In 1937, broadcasters (A)honored Guglielmo Marconi, (B)inventor of the radio, (C)let the airwaves (D)fall silent for two minutes. ※正解(C)。let → letting。honoredはこの文の主語である。この場合inventorの前の冠詞は必要ない。letのままでは動詞が２つあることになる。ここはlettingと分詞構文にする。let... fallになっているので、fallは原形のままでいい。 8. 正誤問題 8. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The long dispute (A)between the Northern and Southern United States (B)over whether slavery should continue (C)came to (D)head after the Mexican War ended in 1848. ※正解(D)。head → a head。前置詞betweenとoverの用法に問題はない。come to a headで「山場を迎える」の意味になる。headの前のaが落ちていたのである。dispute「議論、論争」。 9. 正誤問題 In 1966, Poland celebrated (A)the1,000th anniversary of (B)its (C)found and conversion (D)to Christianity. ※正解(C)。found → founding。【解説】冠詞theに問題はない。itsはPolandを受けている。foundはここではfoundingにしなければ「建国、創建」の意味にはならない。conversion to... 「……への改宗、転換」。 10. 正誤問題 (A)After more calories (B)than necessary are ingested, the body stores the energy in fat cells, (C)that can be metabolized (D)when needed. ※正解(C)。that → which。難しい構文だが、関係代名詞のthatに注目。その前にカンマがあるので、thatではなくwhichを用いる。ingest「摂取する」、metabolize「新陳代謝させる」。 II.時事英文 How China Is Reorganizing World Economy (その12：全17回シリーズ) Some experts say the Chinese currency should increase in value by at least 40 percent against the dollar. 一部の専門家は、中国の通貨がドルに対して少なくとも40パーセント価値が増加しなければならないと言います。 Clyde Prestowitz, president of the Economic Strategy Institute in Washington, says China's troubling trade surplus with America increased to $233 billion last year, and accounts for almost 30 percent of America's total deficit. He notes Beijing's policy mirrors that of most East Asian countries, including Japan. クライドプレストウィッツ（ワシントンの経済戦略研究所の理事長）は、アメリカによる中国の問題の貿易黒字が昨年2330億ドルまで増加したと言って、アメリカの総赤字のほぼ30パーセントを占めます。 彼は、北京の方針が日本を含む大部分の東アジア諸国のそれを映す点に注意します。 III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆In for a penny, in for a pound◆ This proverb means if you're going to commit to something a little, you might as well commit yourself completely. The penny and the pound are units of English money. A penny is like an American cent, and the pound is like the American dollar. The image behind the proverb is that of betting. III-c. 英語の新語 ◆Mallrat◆ A mallrat (mall rat) is a person younger than around 18 or 19 who spends a lot of time in shopping malls, hanging out with his or her friends or just spending time in shops and shopping. III -d. 英語でどう言う？ 歯磨きをしぼり出す squeeze the toothpaste 【例文】My kids always squeeze the toothpaste in the middle. (うちの子供たちはいつも歯磨きを真ん中からしぼり出す) 歯をみがく Brush one's teeth 【例文】Brush your bteeth after every meal. 口をゆすぐ Rinse / wash out one's mouth 【例文】The dentist told me to rinse out my mouth. タオルで顔をふく Dry / wipe one's face with a towel 【例文】Yoko dried her face with a towel, looked in the mirror, and made a few adjustments to her hair. III-e 今週のイディオム have under one's belt (経験･実績などを)積んでいる (have achieved something useful or important) ベルトの下とは胃袋を指し、経験や実績が「胃袋に納まっている｣という発想で使われる表現。受けた教育や学んだ技術が、あたかも食物がお腹(なか)に入って栄養になるかのごとく蓄積される様子にたとえています。 Charles had 20 years' experience in the computer business under his belt. (チャールズはコンピューター関係の仕事で20年の経験があった) The player already has three home-run king awards under his belt. (その選手はすでにホームラン王を3度受賞している ) IV. Jokes a. Having looked the other way for weeks, the boss finally called Smith into his office for a sit-down. "You know, Smith," he said, "I've noticed that every time you have to take your dear old aunt to her doctor's appointments, there's a game over at the stadium." "Wow, sir. I guess you're right," Smith answered. !I didn't realise it. You don't think she's faking it, do you?" b. How do you identify a bald eagle? All of his feathers are combed to one side. c. Recently, a group of art experts were studying the Mona Lisa. Gradually, one by one, they started sneezing. Some of them had watery eyes and some had a fever. It turned out that they had contracted the mysterious Da Vinci Cold. d. Abe, an old miser from way back, was dying. On his deathbed, peering up through his cataracts, he asked, "Is my wife here?" "Yes, I'm here next to you," she answered. "And the kids?" "We're here, Daddy," the youngest answered. "Is the rest of the family here too?" "Around your bed," his wife assured him. At that, Abe sits up and yells, "So why is the kitchen light on?" miser けちん坊 e. Finding a brass lamp, an ambitious man rubs it vigorously. A genie appeas and grants him one wish. "I want a spectacular job, a challenge that no man has ever succeeded at or has dared to try," the man says. The genie waves his hand and transforms him into a housewife. |