資料No. : NS080213
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He seemed really nervous before he _____ his report. (A) prevaricated (B) was advised (C) presented (D) spoke 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 With the uncertainty in the market, I advise you to invest _____. (A) cautiously (B) confidently (C) disastrously (D) certainly 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A clone refers to one or more offspring derived from a single ancestor, _____ genetic composition is identical to that of the ancestor. (A) such as (B) even if (C) because (D) whose 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It was Mr. White _____ called this morning, he said he would call back around 3 p.m. (A) to be (B) that (C) what (D) to whom 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Several new cellular phone models are________________ for release early next spring. A) collected B) detailed C) formulated D) scheduled 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The most impressive applicants will be____________ back for a second interview next month. A) invited B) contacted C) instructed D) repeated 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The ability to make important decisions _________________ is what sets an exceptional employee apart from a typical employee. A) intentionally B) independently C) incoherently D) indubitably 8. Error Recognition練習問題 If you have (A)further questions (B)about our new product, please feel (C)freely to (D)contact us. 9. Error Recognition練習問題 Local officials (A)seem to have a greater desire (B)for power than they have (C)ever had (D)ago. 10. Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Clearly, in our society, (B)causing other people (C)to be exposed to secondhand smoke (D)are becoming less and less acceptable. 11. Error Recognition練習問題 Please (A)stop in my apartment (B)the next time (C)that you are (D)in town. 12. Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)very (B)want to buy a new camera, but I'm (C)short of cash (D)right now. 13. Error Recognition練習問題 The (A)coroner (B)declared the (C)cause of dead to be the result of (D)natural causes. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Lighter-than-air dirigibles were used by commercial airlines in Germany until they were ----- obsolete by more modern aircraft. (A) taken (B) put (C) shifted (D) rendered 2. 空所補充問題 The rate at which a cricket chirps ----- a mathematical function of the air temperature measured in degrees. (A) are (B) does (C) is (D) has 3. 空所補充問題 ----- the right conditions, an acorn the size of the tip of your thumb can grow into a mighty oak 120 feet high. (A) Throughout (B) Given (C) For (D) Without 4. 空所補充問題 The Pyramids of Egypt are the oldest ----- the wonders of the ancient world noted in the Antipater of Sidon in the second century B.C. (A) to (B) of (C) in (D) on 5. 空所補充問題 ----- closely related to the wild hawk, the falcon is smaller and may be distinguished by different wingtip configurations. (A) Although (B) Since (C) Unlike (D) Despite 6. 正誤問題 A century (A)ago, light bulbs had to be manufactured (B)by hand, (C)that made them unreliable and (D)extremely expensive. 7. 正誤問題 (A)By some estimates, the average temperature (B)at the earth's surface will have increased several (C)degrees 20 years (D)up to now. 8. 正誤問題 (A)Electrical transformer consists (B)of two coils -- one connected to (C)the electrical source and one connected to the circuit - (D)wound around the sides of a core of thin iron sheets. 9. 正誤問題 (A)Censorship is the alteration, suppression or (B)prohibit of speech (C)or writing deemed (D)damaging to society. 10. 正誤問題 The salt in seawater increases (A)their density, (B)so that some objects (C)that sink in fresh water can (D)float in seawater. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He seemed really nervous before he _____ his report. (A) prevaricated (B) was advised (C) presented (D) spoke 訳:彼は自分の報告書を発表する前はとても緊張しているように見えた。 ※正解(C)。(A) は少し難しい単語ですが,「言い逃れをする」という意味の自動詞です。(B) は on や about などの前置詞が必要です。(D) の speak はある言語や言葉を話すときにしか使いません。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 With the uncertainty in the market, I advise you to invest _____. (A) cautiously (B) confidently (C) disastrously (D) certainly 訳:市場が不安定なので,投機は慎重にしたほうがいいですよ。 ※正解(A)。「市場が不安定だ」と言っているのですから,気をつけるように勧める表現がくると考えられます。(B)「大胆に」,(C)「悲惨に」,(D)「確かに」では文意が通りません。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A clone refers to one or more offspring derived from a single ancestor, _____ genetic composition is identical to that of the ancestor. (A) such as (B) even if (C) because (D) whose 訳:クローンとは1人の祖先から生じた1人かそれ以上の子孫を言い,その遺伝子構成はその祖先と同一である。 ※正解(D)。《解説》だれのgenetic composition「遺伝子構成」であるかを空所に入れる語によって明らかにする。内容的には当然「クローンの遺伝子構成」ということになり,A cloneを先行詞として,関係代名詞のwhoseを非制限用法で用いればよい。refer to「〜を指して言う」,offspring「子孫」,ancestor「祖先」 《選択肢》(A) such as「〜のような」,(B) even if「たとえ〜でも」 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It was Mr. White _____ called this morning, he said he would call back around 3 p.m. (A) to be (B) that (C) what (D) to whom 訳:今朝,電話をかけてきたのはホワイト氏で3時ごろまたかけ直すと言っていました。 ※正解(B)。《解説》calledの主語は内容的にはMr. White以外にはない。そのことを踏まえて文の形を見れば,Mr. Whiteを強調したIt was 〜 that ...の強調構文であることが容易に見抜けるはずである。強調構文のthatは関係代名詞のthatとは違うので,混乱しないようにしたい。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Several new cellular phone models are________________ for release early next spring. A) collected B) detailed C) formulated D) scheduled 訳)来春の前半にいくつかの新しい携帯電話が発表される予定です。 D: be scheduled for 「〜の予定になっている」の意味なので、be scheduled for release で「リリース予定」の意味。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The most impressive applicants will be____________ back for a second interview next month. A) invited B) contacted C) instructed D) repeated 訳)とりわけ印象的だった応募者たちが来月の2回目の面接に再び招かれます。 A: be invited for 「〜に招かれる」の意味。Bはback がなければ正解になります。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The ability to make important decisions _________________ is what sets an exceptional employee apart from a typical employee. A) intentionally B) independently C) incoherently D) indubitably 訳)重要な決定を独力で行える能力が、優秀な社員と普通の社員を分ける点です。 B: independently 「独力で」の意味。 8. Error Recognition練習問題 If you have (A)further questions (B)about our new product, please feel (C)freely to (D)contact us. 訳:もしさらに私どもの製品について質問をお持ちであれば,どうぞご自由に私どもまでご連絡ください。 ※正解(C)。《解説》副詞と形容詞の使い分けがポイント。「自由に〜する」はfeel free to doと言い,freelyは誤り。文法的にはfreeはfeelの補語にあたる。 《下線部》further (farの比較級)「もっと遠くへ,さらに(程度)」 9. Error Recognition練習問題 Local officials (A)seem to have a greater desire (B)for power than they have (C)ever had (D)ago. 訳:地方の役人はこれまで以上に,権限を強く求めているようだ。 ※正解(D)。《解説》副詞の使い方に注意。ago は時を表す名詞や long などの副詞の後で用い,単独では用いない。また,agoは現在完了の文で用いることはない。単独で「以前に」という意味で用いる語はbefore。 《下線部》seem to have「〜を持っているようだ」,power「権力,権限」 10. Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Clearly, in our society, (B)causing other people (C)to be exposed to secondhand smoke (D)are becoming less and less acceptable. 訳:明らかに私たちの社会では,人々をだれかの吸うタバコの煙にさらすことはますます受け入れがたいものになっている。 ※正解(D)。《解説》SVCの進行形の文。主語はcausing other people to be exposed to secondhand smoke「人々をだれかの吸うタバコの煙にさらすこと」であるが,主語の中心はcausingで,これは単数扱いであることに留意する。したがって,下線Dのare becomingは誤りで,is becomingにすべきである。 《下線部》cause A to do「Aに〜させる」,expose A to B「AをBにさらす」 11. Error Recognition練習問題 Please (A)stop in my apartment (B)the next time (C)that you are (D)in town. 訳:今度町にお出での際は、わたしのアパートにお立ち寄りください。 (A) → styop by。(A) stop by「(人の家)に立ち寄る」 12. Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)very (B)want to buy a new camera, but I'm (C)short of cash (D)right now. 訳:新しいカメラを買いたいのだが、今はお金が足りない。 (A) → really / very much。(A)動詞は(very) muchで修飾する。veryだけでは間違い。(C) short<+of>「(〜が)不足して」 13. Error Recognition練習問題 The (A)coroner (B)declared the (C)cause of dead to be the result of (D)natural causes. 訳:検死官は、死亡の原因は自然死であると断言した。 (C) → cause of death。(A) coroner「(変死者などの)検死官」(B) declare[他]<+目+(to be)補>「(〜を〜と)宣告する、発表する」(C) dead [形] death [名] [ヒント] ofの後ろには名詞。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Lighter-than-air dirigibles were used by commercial airlines in Germany until they were ----- obsolete by more modern aircraft. (A) taken (B) put (C) shifted (D) rendered ※正解(D)。【解説】 文の流れからして、were .... obsoleteは「時代遅れになった」という意味になるはずである。正解は(D)。be rendered ... 「 ... になる」。 2. 空所補充問題 The rate at which a cricket chirps ----- a mathematical function of the air temperature measured in degrees. (A) are (B) does (C) is (D) has ※正解(C)。【解説】 この文の主語はrateである。したがって、それに呼応して空所にはisが入ることになる。has、doesでは意味が成立しない。 3. 空所補充問題 ----- the right conditions, an acorn the size of the tip of your thumb can grow into a mighty oak 120 feet high. (A) Throughout (B) Given (C) For (D) Without ※正解(B)。【解説】 空所にGivenを入れれば「ちゃんとした条件(状態)が与えられならば」の意味を表すようになる。acorn「ドングリ」。 4. 空所補充問題 The Pyramids of Egypt are the oldest ----- the wonders of the ancient world noted in the Antipater of Sidon in the second century B.C. (A) to (B) of (C) in (D) on ※正解(B)。【解説】 toとonが使えないのはすぐに分かるだろう。the oldest of ... で「 ... のうち最も古いもの」という意味になる。 5. 空所補充問題 ----- closely related to the wild hawk, the falcon is smaller and may be distinguished by different wingtip configurations. (A) Although (B) Since (C) Unlike (D) Despite ※正解(A)。【解説】 前置詞unlike、despiteの後にclosely related(副詞と過去分詞)が続くはずがない。意味からしてAlthoughが正解となる。Althoughの後にthe falcon isを補って考える。これで「ハヤブサは野生の鷹にとても近いが」の意味になる。 6. 正誤問題 A century (A)ago, light bulbs had to be manufactured (B)by hand, (C)that made them unreliable and (D)extremely expensive. ※正解(C)。that → which。前置詞agoとbyの用法に誤りはない。前にカンマがある場合には、関係代名詞はthatではなくwhichを用いる。extremely「極端に」は強調のための副詞。 7. 正誤問題 (A)By some estimates, the average temperature (B)at the earth's surface will have increased several (C)degrees 20 years (D)up to now. ※正解(D)。up to → from。by some estimates「ある推定によると」の意味。前置詞at、複数形degreesに問題はない。up toをfromにしなければ未来完了形will have increased ... と対応しなくなる。 8. 正誤問題 (A)Electrical transformer consists (B)of two coils -- one connected to (C)the electrical source and one connected to the circuit - (D)wound around the sides of a core of thin iron sheets. ※正解(A)。Electrical → An/The electrical。electrical transformer「変圧器」は可算名詞なので、その前には冠詞anあるいはtheが必要となる。 9. 正誤問題 (A)Censorship is the alteration, suppression or (B)prohibit of speech (C)or writing deemed (D)damaging to society. ※正解(B)。prohibit → prohibition。alternation「交替」、suppression「抑圧」と名詞が並んでいる。しかし、orの後に動詞prohibit「禁止する」が来ている。ここでは名詞prohibitionを用いることになる。 10. 正誤問題 The salt in seawater increases (A)their density, (B)so that some objects (C)that sink in fresh water can (D)float in seawater. ※正解(A)。their → its。theirが指す語はどれか?この文の主語saltである。したがって、theirはitsにしなくてはならない。 II.時事英文 How China Is Reorganizing World Economy (その6:全17回シリーズ) Hungry Dragon 空腹のドラゴン In order to sustain its phenomenal growth, China buys vast amounts of commodities. The country represents about 5 percent of the global economy, but it consumes about 20 percent of global aluminum and copper, about 30 percent of steel, iron ore and coal and 45 percent of cement produced each year. その著しい成長を継続するために、中国は必需品の膨大な量を買います。 同国はグローバル経済のおよそ5パーセントを意味します、しかし、それは世界的なアルミニウムと銅のおよそ20パーセント、鋼、鉄鉱石と石炭のおよそ30 パーセントと毎年生産されるセメントの45パーセントを消費します。 III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆Fish and guests stink after three days◆ Back in the days when people did not have refrigerators, fish would not stay fresh for very long. Fish would start going bad after three days. This proverb compares fish with guests. It says that you will start disliking people after spending three days with them in your home -- even if they are very good friends. After three days, your guests will become irritating. In other words, if you invite someone to stay at your house, never let them stay for longer than three days. III -c. 英語の新語 ◆Information fatigue syndrome◆ Today, there is so much information available to us -- through newspapers, magazines, web sites, books, etc. -- and there is so much information that we should know. In fact, the amount of information that you have to get through each day can be overwhelming, and that is why some people suffer information fatigue syndrome (IFS). IFS victims usually suffer stress, anxiety, depression and memory loss. III-d. 英語のフレーズ ◆ You can because you think you can.◆ (自分ができると思うからできるのである) III-e. 今週のイディオム have the upper hand (競争・競技で)優位になる (have more power than someone else, so that you are able to control a situation) 支配的な立場にあることを意味する慣用表現。攻撃してくる相手を高い位置から手で押さえ込む様子をイメージしたもので、haveのほか、getやgainも使われます。反対に不利な立場に立つ場合は、lose the upper handまたは、give +人+ the upper handが使われます。 Lance will have the upper hand in the last part of the race where the track is steeper. (ランスは競技のコースがより険しくなるレース最終段階で優位に立つだろう) Police have gained the upper hand over the drug dealers in this area. (警察はこの地域の麻薬密売人に対して優位に立った) IV. Jokes a. It had been a rotten morning. My three kids were wound up and driving me crazy. Counting to ten wasn't cutting it, so to release the pent-up frustration, I walked into my bedroom closet, shut the door and SCREAMED! It worked. Afterwards I felt much better. Ready to face the rest of the day, I opened the door and was greted by three terrified faces. "Mum," said my five-year-old, "I told you there was a monster in there!" b. While I was visiting my daughter and her family, my 14-year-old grandson, John, came downstairs ready for school and announced that he would soon need some new pants. "Why?" his mother asked. "The ones you have are perfectly good." "But I can't wear them much longer," John told her. "They're beginning to fit!" c. Jazzy, my sister's dog, was deaf and blind. When painful tumors developed, it was time to put her down. As I explained this to my seven-year-old son, Jacob, he asked if Jazzy would go to heaven. I said I thought she would, and that in dog heaven she would be healthy again and able to do her favorite thing: chase squirrels. Jacob thought about it, then said, "So dog heaven must be the same as squirrel hell." |