資料No. : NS080123
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Temperatures have ranged from 43 to 50 across India over the past month, _____ the hottest summer in 50 years. (A) in making (B) made of (C) they made (D) making it 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Thirteen European countries have signed the first _____ international ban on human cloning as controversy over such experiments heats up. (A) bound (B) binding (C) bind (D) binder 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A little thing to _____ about is that not many housewives are using the Internet. (A) be concerned (B) do concerning (C) do concerned (D) concernment 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The pressures that now drive recycling come _____ from companies, but from governments and voters. (A) straight (B) all (C) not (D) anywhere 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 By the time we get busy on the project, we will --- support staff to cover our regular duties. (A) hiring (B) have hired (C) be hired (D) hired 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Digital video --- a popular medium for many movie and TV directors lately. (A) has become (B) have become (C) becoming (D) became 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The deal can go forward --- all of the contracts have been signed. (A) due to (B) in time for (C) owing to (D) as soon as 8. Error Recognition練習問題 The new buses are (A)much more comfortable (B)as the (C)ones the city had (D)before. 9. Error Recognition練習問題 The (A)growing complexity of computer hardware and (B)operating systems often (C)makes them more (D)like to break down. 10. Error Recognition練習問題 If I had known that you (A)wanted (B)to join the team, I (C)had put your name (D)on the list. 11. Error Recognition練習問題 Her apartment is the (A)second door (B)on the right (C)in the second floor of (D)that building. 12. Error Recognition練習問題 You (A)can eat all of (B)the foods (C)that you want (D)at that restaurant. 13. Error Recognition練習問題 Please (A)use your time (B)wise (C)in preparing (D)for the test. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Cheetahs have been known to dash after prey at up to about 90 miles per hour, although they can only maintain such speeds for a few seconds -----. (A) with time (B) in time (C) of the time (D) at a time 2. 空所補充問題 ----- in North Dakota, Fargo has a population of under 80,000. (A) To be the largest city (B) The largest city (C) It is the largest city (D) Being it the largest city 3. 空所補充問題 Two British adventurers of the 19th century, Stanley and Livingstone, stimulated the curiosity and interest of the Western world ----- their exploration of Africa. (A) for (B) in (C) with (D) from 4. 空所補充問題 The burrowing, ant-eating animal ----- the aardvark is found throughout much of the African continent. (A) known as (B) knowing for (C) to be known to (D) to know 5. 空所補充問題 Danish Prime Minister Poul Shulter demanded parliamentary elections in 1990 ----- of his disagreements with the major opposition party. (A) in results (B) to result (C) since the result (D) as a result 6. 正誤問題 (A)Since sterile crops (B)as such the navel orange (C)do not produce seeds, they cannot (D)reproduce naturally. 7. 正誤問題 American architect Charles Bullfinch (A)designs buildings in (B)a style (C)that was characterized (D)by monumental ornamentation. 8. 正誤問題 (A)Most the gold used in jewelry contains copper (B)for hardness because pure gold is too soft to keep (C)its shape (D)for very long. 9. 正誤問題 The (A)semiprecious stone turquoise (B)represents harmony, (C)beautiful and health (D)in the Navajo culture. 10. 正誤問題 The mystery of (A)London's Jack the Ripper, (B)was the notorious murderer of (C)nineteenth-century England, (D)has never been solved. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Temperatures have ranged from 43 to 50 across India over the past month, _____ the hottest summer in 50 years. (A) in making (B) made of (C) they made (D) making it 訳:インド中でこの1か月の間,気温が43度から50度にもなり,50年ぶりの暑さとなった。 ※正解(D)。《解説》コンマの後の語句とその前の文とを何らかの形で接続しなければならない。選択肢には接続詞はないから,どうやら (D) を選んで分詞構文でつなぐことになる。making it the hottest summerは「一番暑い夏にして」の意味。itは漠然と天気状況を指している。 《選択肢》(A) in making 〜「〜を作る際に」,(B) made of 〜「〜からできて(いる)」 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Thirteen European countries have signed the first _____ international ban on human cloning as controversy over such experiments heats up. (A) bound (B) binding (C) bind (D) binder 訳:ヨーロッパでは13か国が,そのような実験をめぐる議論が高まる中で,人間のクローンを禁止する最初の拘束力をもつ国際的な条約に署名した。 ※正解(B)。《解説》選択肢を見ると,いずれもbind「〜を縛る,拘束する」の活用形,ないし派生語である。ここではinternational ban「国際的な禁止」という名詞句を修飾するのであるから形容詞形,ないしその機能をもつものを選べばよい。(A) のboundは過去分詞で「拘束された」の受け身の意味。(B) のbindingは現在分詞が形容詞化した語で,「拘束力のある」の意味。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A little thing to _____ about is that not many housewives are using the Internet. (A) be concerned (B) do concerning (C) do concerned (D) concernment 訳:インターネットを利用している主婦は多くないということは少し懸念しておかなければならない。 ※正解(A)。《解説》concernはbe concerned about 〜で「〜を心配する,懸念する」の意味になる (= be anxious about) 。ここではto不定詞の形容詞的用法でA little thing「ささやかなこと」を後ろから修飾している。 《選択肢》concernment「心配,関係,重要性」 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The pressures that now drive recycling come _____ from companies, but from governments and voters. (A) straight (B) all (C) not (D) anywhere 訳:今ではリサイクルを促す圧力は,企業からではなく,行政や投票者から来る。 ※正解(C)。《解説》文の内容はリサイクル運動に駆り立てる圧力はどこから来るかということ。ポイントは接続詞のbutで,from companiesとfrom governments and votersとがbutを用いた相関表現の中で対比的に述べられている。結論は (C) を選んで,not 〜 but ...「〜ではなくて…」の形にする。 《選択肢》straight「真っすぐに」,anywhere「どこかに」 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 By the time we get busy on the project, we will --- support staff to cover our regular duties. (A) hiring (B) have hired (C) be hired (D) hired ※時制の問題です。By the time …は未来完了形と相性の良い語句です。正解はB。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Digital video --- a popular medium for many movie and TV directors lately. (A) has become (B) have become (C) becoming (D) became ※時制の問題です。文末のlatelyは現在完了と相性の良い語句です。従って正解はA。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The deal can go forward --- all of the contracts have been signed. (A) due to (B) in time for (C) owing to (D) as soon as ※接続詞の復習問題です。空所の前後にS + Vの構造があることから、空所に入る語は2つの節をつなぐ接続詞だと分かります。正解はD。 8. Error Recognition練習問題 The new buses are (A)much more comfortable (B)as the (C)ones the city had (D)before. 訳:新しいバスは前にあった市バスよりずっと快適だ。 ※正解(B)。《解説》比較級の文を作る。「〜は…より快適 (more comfortable) である」という文であるが,「〜より」という接続詞はasではなくてthan。 《下線部》Aのmuchは,more comfortableの強調。Cのonesはbusesを受けている。Dのbeforeは副詞で「以前に」の意味。 9. Error Recognition練習問題 The (A)growing complexity of computer hardware and (B)operating systems often (C)makes them more (D)like to break down. 訳:コンピュータのハードウェアやOSはどんどん複雑になり,それらは一般にますます壊れやすくなっている。 ※正解(D)。《解説》全体はmakesが述語動詞であるSVOCの文。主部はThe growing complexity of computer hardware and operating systems 「コンピュータのハードウェアやOSの複雑さが増大すること」,目的語はthem (= computer hardware and operating systems) 。補語(目的格補語)はmore like to break downの部分であろうが,likeを形容詞のlikelyにしないと正しい文にはならない。 10. Error Recognition練習問題 If I had known that you (A)wanted (B)to join the team, I (C)had put your name (D)on the list. 訳:もし私があなたがチームに入りたがっていると知っていたら,リストにあなたの名前を入れておいたのに。 ※正解(C)。《解説》「もし〜を知っていたら,…しただろうに」という仮定法過去完了の文を完成させる。仮定法過去完了の基本形は「If+主語+had+過去分詞…, 主語+助動詞の過去形(would, could, might) +have +過去分詞…」。この文ではCのhad putが誤りで,would (could) have putにする。 11. Error Recognition練習問題 Her apartment is the (A)second door (B)on the right (C)in the second floor of (D)that building. 訳:彼女のアパートは、あのビルの二階、右に曲がって二番目です。 (C) → on。(C)「〜階に」というときは前置詞0nを用いる。 12. Error Recognition練習問題 You (A)can eat all of (B)the foods (C)that you want (D)at that restaurant. 訳:あのレストランは、食べ放題ができます。 (B) → the food。(B) food「食品、食料」《複数形》「食品」ex. natural foods「自然食品」canned foods「缶詰食品」 13. Error Recognition練習問題 Please (A)use your time (B)wise (C)in preparing (D)for the test. 訳:試験の準備に時間をうまく使ってください。 (B) → wisely。(B) wise「賢い、賢明な」wisely「賢明に」動詞を修飾するには副詞を用いる。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Cheetahs have been known to dash after prey at up to about 90 miles per hour, although they can only maintain such speeds for a few seconds -----. (A) with time (B) in time (C) of the time (D) at a time ※正解(D)。【解説】 at a timeで「一度に」の意味になる。これを空所に入れれば文意が通る。 2. 空所補充問題 ----- in North Dakota, Fargo has a population of under 80,000. (A) To be the largest city (B) The largest city (C) It is the largest city (D) Being it the largest city ※正解(B)。【解説】 文頭にTo不定詞が来ては意味が通らない。It is... ではhasと動詞がダブってしまう。Being it... の語順はどう見てもおかしい。正解は(B)。 3. 空所補充問題 Two British adventurers of the 19th century, Stanley and Livingstone, stimulated the curiosity and interest of the Western world ----- their exploration of Africa. (A) for (B) in (C) with (D) from ※正解(C)。【解説】 stimulate「刺激する」の後に前置詞withを用いて、stimulate... with〜で「〜で……を刺激する」の意味になる。 4. 空所補充問題 The burrowing, ant-eating animal ----- the aardvark is found throughout much of the African continent. (A) known as (B) knowing for (C) to be known to (D) to know ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所には「(ツチブタ)として知られる」という意味の句が入る。正解は(A)。known asの前にthat/which isを補って考える。burrow「穴を掘る」。 5. 空所補充問題 Danish Prime Minister Poul Shulter demanded parliamentary elections in 1990 ----- of his disagreements with the major opposition party. (A) in results (B) to result (C) since the result (D) as a result ※正解(D)。【解説】 難しく考えることはない。as a result of... で「……の結果として」の意味になる。opposition party「野党」。 6. 正誤問題 (A)Since sterile crops (B)as such the navel orange (C)do not produce seeds, they cannot (D)reproduce naturally. ※正解(B)。as such → such as。文頭のSinceは「……なので」の意味。as suchはsuch asにしなければ文が繋がらない。doとreproduce「繁殖する」に問題はない。 7. 正誤問題 American architect Charles Bullfinch (A)designs buildings in (B)a style (C)that was characterized (D)by monumental ornamentation. ※正解(A)。designs → designed。that was characterized... からわかるように、この文は過去形の文である。したがって、designsをdesignedにしなければ文が成立しない。 8. 正誤問題 (A)Most the gold used in jewelry contains copper (B)for hardness because pure gold is too soft to keep (C)its shape (D)for very long. ※正解(A)。Most → Most of。文頭のMostに注目。Mostの後にtheが来ているので、ここは前置詞ofを付け足してMost ofにしなければならない。 9. 正誤問題 The (A)semiprecious stone turquoise (B)represents harmony, (C)beautiful and health (D)in the Navajo culture. ※正解(C)。beautifulの前後にはandを挟んで名詞harmonyとhealthが使われているので、形容詞beautifulはbeautyと名詞形にする。semiprecious stone「半宝石」 10. 正誤問題 The mystery of (A)London's Jack the Ripper, (B)was the notorious murderer of (C)nineteenth-century England, (D)has never been solved. ※正解(B)。was the → the(wasをカット)。この文の動詞部はhas never been... である。was theのままでは動詞が2つになってしまう。wasが余分だったのである。 II.時事英文 How China Is Reorganizing World Economy (その3:全17回シリーズ) Economist Michael Schiffer of the Stanley Foundation, which promotes multilateral economic and political cooperation, says China's rise has sparked a new global division of labor with mixed results. スタンリー財団(それは多国間の経済で政治的な協力を促進します)のエコノミストマイケルシファーは、中国の台頭が混合結果で労働の新しい世界的な分割を起こさせたと言います。 III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆Every cloud has a silver lining◆ This proverb is used when you want someone to feel more hopeful after something bad has happened. It means that in difficult times, something good will always happen. "Lining" here means "edge," and "silver lining" probably refers to the sunlight or moonlight around the edge of a cloud. III -c. 英語の新語 ◆Grief tourist◆ A grief tourist is a person who travels to places because a tragedy (particularly a recent tragedy) has happened there. A common example is the people who go to Ground Zero in New York where the Sept. 11 attacks occurred. III-d. 英語のフレーズ ◆Work to live, don't live to work.◆ (生きるために働きなさい。働くために生きてはいけない) III-e. 今週のイディオム swallow something whole (話などを)うのみにする、丸ごと信じる (believe something without any doubt) 食べ物を「丸ごと飲み込む」という文字通りの意味が、比ゆ的に用いられたもの。疑いもなしに他人の話を信用してしまう様子を表して使われます。 I told the teacher my homework was chewed up by a dog and she swallowed it whole. (僕の宿題を犬がかみ砕いてしまったと先生に言ったら、それをうのみにした) We are not stupid enough to swallow his lie whole. (彼のうそを疑わずにそのまま信じるほど我々はばかじゃない) Do you think I'll just swallow it whole each time you come home with excuses about why you're late? (遅く帰宅して毎回言い訳をしているけど、私がそれを丸ごと信じると思うの?) IV. Jokes a. From the Union Democrat (Sonora, California): "A woman on the 500 block of Gold Oak Road said she needed the fire department because her cat was stuck in a high tree. When informed the fire department would not respond for a cat in a tree, the caller said that her mother was also stuck in the tree." b. Protecting park is a high priority in Lancaster, Massachusetts. According to the Lancaster & Clinton Courier, "Thayer Field has been posted 'No dogs allowed.' Any dog found on the playing field, leashed or unleashed, will be fined." leashed ひもでつないだ fined 罰金を科す c. The teenage boy seemed placid as I approached his hospital bed to give him a psychiatric evaluation. His mother was seated nearby, immersed in her knitting. I walked over and introduced myself to the boy. He looked right through me and started screaming: "I can't see! I can't see!" I had never witnessed such a dramatic example of hysterical blindness. "How long has this been going on?" I asked his mother. Without looking up she replied, "Ever since you stepped in front of his television." d. Part of my job at the District Attorney's office is to send letters to people accused of crimes, informing them when a court date is scheduled. One such notice was returned, clearly by a criminal mastermind, with this jotted on the envelope: "I DO NOT LIVE HERE." |