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資料No. ： NS071226
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 James rushed off to the sales meeting in ＿＿＿＿＿ a hurry he forgot his documents. (A) such (B) that (C) order (D) what 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The trouble with the computer will be solved only ＿＿＿＿＿ we install a new hard disk. (A) that (B) though (C) if (D) what 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If your clothes ＿＿＿＿＿ and you don't trust yourself to clean them up, our readers say the best place to go is Della's Cleaners. (A) had stained (B) are staining (C) are stained (D) would stain 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 By April of next year, the majority of blue-collar workers ＿＿＿＿＿ on strike at least once. (A) will have gone (B) have gone (C) will be going (D) had been going 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 --- by the failure of the campaign, the managers promptly fired the marketing director. (A) Astounded (B) Astounding (C) Astound (D) Astoundingly 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 While waiting in the car for their parents to return, the two children grew --- and began to bicker. (A) relentless (B) restful (C) restless (D) restfully 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A --- set of jazz vocal standards will be released at the end of the month. (A) three-CD (B) three-CDs (C) package of three CDs (D) including three CDs 8. Error Recognition練習問題 There （A）is no （B）agree yet （C）among members of the Cabinet about （D）how to approach the food problem. 9. Error Recognition練習問題 In my opinion, you'd （A）better （B）apology to your boss for （C）being （D）so rude at his birthday party. 10. Error Recognition練習問題 Most （A）mechanics （B）agree that （C）frequent oil changes （D）length the life of a car. 11. Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)promised (B)to meet my friend (C)by Chiba, but I (D)missed the train. 12. Error Recognition練習問題 She (A)studied (B)in the library (C)until hours (D)preparing for the exam. 13. Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Can you (B)teach me your (C)height and weight in (D)inches and pounds? (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 James Monroe ----- the first U.S. president to tour the country while in office. (A) became (B) made (C) decided (D) strove 2. 空所補充問題 There is ----- debate these days about whether to put daylight saving time into effect all year round. (A) many (B) lots (C) much (D) a great deal 3. 空所補充問題 Negative comments can be helpful, as long as they embody ----- criticism, rather than gratuitous insults or complaints. (A) constructive (B) construction (C) constructing (D) constructed 4. 空所補充問題 ----- Charles Lindbergh attempted his solo flight across the Atlantic, he brought with him five sandwiches and a quart of water. (A) If (B) Whereas (C) Because (D) When 5. 空所補充問題 The Australian baobab tree is also called the bottle tree because ----- its distinctive bottle-shaped trunk. (A) for (B) to (C) of (D) as 6. 正誤問題 (A)Had the potential applications for the electronic computer (B)been better understood, personal computers might (C)be available decades (D)earlier. 7. 正誤問題 Historians generally agree (A)that New Zealander Richard William Pearse designed, (B)was building and flew (C)a powered monoplane several months (D)before the Wright brothers did. 8. 正誤問題 (A)The Roanoke, James and Potomac rivers, all in the state of Virginia, (B)have eroded gaps (C)in the portion of the Appalachian mountains (D)know as the Blue Ridge. 9. 正誤問題 Nanotechnology could make (A)it possible to inject (B)microscopically machines into the bloodstream, (C)which would carry (D)out a variety of health maintenance functions. 10. 正誤問題 (A)They are an obvious and intuitive (B)fact (C)that children learn more effectively about topics they are interested (D)in. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 James rushed off to the sales meeting in ＿＿＿＿＿ a hurry he forgot his documents. (A) such (B) that (C) order (D) what 訳：ジェームズはあまりに急いで営業会議に出かけたので，書類を忘れてきた。 ※正解(A)。《解説》James rushed off to the sales meeting「ジェームズは急いで営業会議に出かけた」という文とhe forgot his documents「ジェームズは書類を忘れた」という２つの文をうまく結べるかどうか。suchを選んで，such 〜 that ...「あまりにも〜なので…」の相関表現（thatはhurryとheの間で省略）を作れば，内容的にも適当である。 《選択肢》in order （that） 「（that以下） のために」 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The trouble with the computer will be solved only ＿＿＿＿＿ we install a new hard disk. (A) that (B) though (C) if (D) what 訳：そのコンピュータのトラブルは，新しいハードディスクを入れない限り解決しない。 ※正解(C)。《解説》The trouble with the computer「コンピュータのトラブル」が主語。installは「（装置など）を取り付ける」の意味。only ifは「〜する場合だけ」の意味。すなわち，「〜をinstallする場合だけ解決される→〜しない限り解決しない」という内容の文となる。なお，if only 〜「〜しさえすれば」と混同しないこと。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If your clothes ＿＿＿＿＿ and you don't trust yourself to clean them up, our readers say the best place to go is Della's Cleaners. (A) had stained (B) are staining (C) are stained (D) would stain 訳：服を汚して，自分で洗濯する自信がないときに読者が一番に薦める店はデラのクリーニング店です。 ※正解(C)。《解説》雑誌か新聞の「良い店紹介コーナー」からとったと思われる文。If節があると，すぐ仮定法の文を作るのかという誤解もよくあるが，ここでは「単なる条件」を表すIf節で，動詞の時制は現在形でよい。stainは「〜を汚す」という意味の他動詞であるが，ここではyour clothesが主語になっているので，受け身にする。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 By April of next year, the majority of blue-collar workers ＿＿＿＿＿ on strike at least once. (A) will have gone (B) have gone (C) will be going (D) had been going 訳：来年の４月までに，大多数の工場労働者が少なくとも１度はストライキをするだろう。 ※正解(A)。《解説》着眼する語句はBy April of next year「来年の４月までには」。go on（a） strikeは「ストライキに入る」の意味。したがって，ポイントは「〜までには，ストライキに入っているだろう」という未来完了の文を作ることになる。未来完了は「will＋have＋過去分詞」の形が基本。 《選択肢》それぞれ （B） は現在完了，（C） は未来進行形，（D） は過去完了進行形。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 --- by the failure of the campaign, the managers promptly fired the marketing director. (A) Astounded (B) Astounding (C) Astound (D) Astoundingly ※分詞構文の問題です。空所の前にthe managersを補って考えると、the managers are astoundedとなることが分かります。従ってBeing astoundedとなり、受身のBeingは省略されます。正解はA。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 While waiting in the car for their parents to return, the two children grew --- and began to bicker. (A) relentless (B) restful (C) restless (D) restfully ※語彙(い)問題です。Cが「落ち着きのない」の意味であることを知っていれば、正解できます。正解はC。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A --- set of jazz vocal standards will be released at the end of the month. (A) three-CD (B) three-CDs (C) package of three CDs (D) including three CDs ※名詞関連の問題です。ハイフンでつながれた数字と名詞の組み合わせは複数形にしません。正解はA。 8. Error Recognition練習問題 There （A）is no （B）agree yet （C）among members of the Cabinet about （D）how to approach the food problem. 訳：食糧問題への取り組み方で閣僚間でまだ意見が一致していない。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】There isの後には名詞ないし名詞相当語がくる必要がある。agree「同意する」は動詞であるから，接尾辞の-mentをつけてagreement「一致，同意」という名詞にする。-mentは動詞につけて名詞を作り，「動作, 結果, 状態, 手段」などを表す。 【下線部】amongは３つ［人］以上に，betweenは２つ［人］について用いる。 9. Error Recognition練習問題 In my opinion, you'd （A）better （B）apology to your boss for （C）being （D）so rude at his birthday party. 訳：私の考えでは，あなたは上司の誕生パーティーでそんなに失礼なことをしたのだから，彼に謝ったほうがよい。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】had better「〜したほうがよい」の後には原形不定詞がくる。すなわち，apology「謝罪」は名詞であるから，接尾辞の-izeをつけて動詞のapologize「謝罪する」にする。接尾辞-izeは「〜にする,〜化させる, 〜になる, 〜化する」などの意味の動詞を作る。 【下線部】being so rude「非常に失礼であること［あったこと］」 10. Error Recognition練習問題 Most （A）mechanics （B）agree that （C）frequent oil changes （D）length the life of a car. 訳：大部分の整備工が，オイル交換を頻繁にすれば車の寿命が延びることを認めている。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】length「長さ」は名詞であるが，本来ここにはoil changes「オイルの交換」を主語にし，the life of a car「車の寿命」を目的語にする動詞が来なければならないところである。したがって，lengthに接尾辞の-enをつけてlengthen「〜を長くする，延ばす」にする。接尾辞-enは，「〜にする, 〜になる」の意味の動詞を作る。 【下線部】mechanics「整備工」 11. Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)promised (B)to meet my friend (C)by Chiba, but I (D)missed the train. 訳：千葉で友だちに会う約束をしましたが、電車に乗り遅れてしまいました。 (C) → in。(A) promise [+ to do]「(〜することを)約束する」(C)場所を表わす前置詞in。 12. Error Recognition練習問題 She (A)studied (B)in the library (C)until hours (D)preparing for the exam. 訳：彼女は試験に備えて、図書館で何時間も勉強しました。 (C) → for。(A) until (前)動作･状態の継続の期限を表して「〜まで、〜になるまで(ずっと)」for (前)時間･距離を表して「〜の間(ずっと)」for hours「何時間もの間」 13. Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Can you (B)teach me your (C)height and weight in (D)inches and pounds? 訳：あなたの身長と体重をインチとポンドで教えていただけますか。 (B) → tell。(B) teachは「教える」の最も一般的な語であるが、「道を教える」など情報を与える場合はtellを用いる。(D) inch「インチ(長さの単位2.54cm)」pound「ポンド(重さの単位0.454kg)」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 James Monroe ----- the first U.S. president to tour the country while in office. (A) became (B) made (C) decided (D) strove ※正解(A)。難しく考える必要はない。became the first U.S. president to... で「……した最初の合衆国大統領になった」の意味になる。strive「努力する」。 2. 空所補充問題 There is ----- debate these days about whether to put daylight saving time into effect all year round. (A) many (B) lots (C) much (D) a great deal ※正解(C)。この場合のdebate「討論」は不可算名詞である。したがって、正解は(C)のmuchになる。 3. 空所補充問題 Negative comments can be helpful, as long as they embody ----- criticism, rather than gratuitous insults or complaints. (A) constructive (B) construction (C) constructing (D) constructed ※正解(A)。embody「包含する」が動詞、criticismが目的語。ということは、空所には形容詞が入ることになる。正解は(A) constructive「建設的な」である。gratuitous「根拠のない」。 4. 空所補充問題 ----- Charles Lindbergh attempted his solo flight across the Atlantic, he brought with him five sandwiches and a quart of water. (A) If (B) Whereas (C) Because (D) When ※正解(D)。If、Whereas、Becauseでは後ろの文と意味がつながらない。正解は(D) Whenである。 5. 空所補充問題 The Australian baobab tree is also called the bottle tree because ----- its distinctive bottle-shaped trunk. (A) for (B) to (C) of (D) as ※正解(C)。because of ...で「……のために」の意味になる。したがって、正解は(C) ofである。baobab「バオバブ（熱帯アフリカ産の大木）」。 6. 正誤問題 (A)Had the potential applications for the electronic computer (B)been better understood, personal computers might (C)be available decades (D)earlier. ※正解(C)。be → have been。問題文は仮定法過去完了If the potential applications had been... のHadを前に出して倒置した文である。したがって、might beではなく、might have beenとしなくてはならない。 7. 正誤問題 Historians generally agree (A)that New Zealander Richard William Pearse designed, (B)was building and flew (C)a powered monoplane several months (D)before the Wright brothers did. ※正解(B)。was building → built。動詞designed, was building and flewに注目。was buildingだけ進行形になっているのはおかししい。他の２つに合わせて過去形builtにする。 8. 正誤問題 (A)The Roanoke, James and Potomac rivers, all in the state of Virginia, (B)have eroded gaps (C)in the portion of the Appalachian mountains (D)know as the Blue Ridge. ※正解(D)。know → known。冠詞the、riversに呼応するhave、前置詞inの用法に問題はない。knowを過去分詞形knownにしなければ「……として知られている」の意味にならない。 9. 正誤問題 Nanotechnology could make (A)it possible to inject (B)microscopically machines into the bloodstream, (C)which would carry (D)out a variety of health maintenance functions. ※正解(B)。microscopically → microscopic。itは不定詞to以下を指す代名詞。名詞machinesの前では副詞microscopicallyではなくmicroscopicを用いる。whichはmachinesを修飾する関係代名詞。carry out... で「……を実行する」の意味。Nanotechnology「ナノテクノロジー」。 10. 正誤問題 (A)They are an obvious and intuitive (B)fact (C)that children learn more effectively about topics they are interested (D)in. ※正解(A)。They are → It is。an obvious factと単数形になっているので、文頭のThey areはIt isにしなければならない。 II.時事英文 イスラム教徒のスンニ派、シーア派(その16：全16回シリーズ) Most analysts agree that this kind of Muslim solidarity usually trumps sectarian tensions on a local scale. They close ranks against common adversaries. But as the threat passes, their divisions reemerge. 大部分のアナリストは、この種のイスラム団結が通常ローカルスケールで派閥の緊張に勝つことに同意します。彼らは、共通の敵に対して結束を固めます。しかし、脅威が去って、彼らの境界は再び現れます。 III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆Easier said than done◆ Imagine you are playing soccer with a friend. By mistake, you kick the ball very high and it gets stuck in a tall tree. Your friend tells you that you have to climb the tree to get the ball. "Easier said than done," you say. This proverb means that it's easy to tell someone to do something ? much easier than actually doing it yourself. Use it when someone suggests that you do something very difficult. You can also use it when you are faced with a problem -- e.g., the soccer ball stuck in the tree. You know what has to be done, you know you have to climb the tree to get the ball, but you also know it's very difficult. In those cases, you can say to yourself, "Easier said than done." III -c. 英語の新語 ◆Google◆ Google is the name of one of the most well-used search engines on the Web. It has become such a basic part of using the Internet that Google has become a verb. In the past, if a person were looking for something on the Internet, he would "search for it on Google" or "use Google to search for it." Now, he just "googles it." Googling can also refer to looking for information about a new/potential boyfriend or girlfriend on the Internet by typing his or her name into Google. "She wanted to find out more about him so she googled him." III-d. 英語のフレーズ ◆There is more to life than increasing its speed.◆ （人生にはスピードよりもっと大切なものがある） III-e. 今週のイディオム drive ~ up the wall (人を)激怒させる、混乱させる (make someone annoyed or angry) 「壁をよじ登りたくなるような気分にさせる」が文字通りの意味。気も狂わんばかりに人を怒らせたり、苛立(いらだ)たせる様子を比ゆ的に垂直に立っている壁を登ることにたとえた表現です。 Turn off the TV, will you? The noisy comedy is driving me up the wall. (テレビを消してくれないかな？そのやかましいコメディーで、気が狂いそうだよ) That loud music is about to drive Mom up the wall. (あのうるさい音楽はお母さんを今にも激怒させそうだ) The kids have been driving me up the wall all day long with their arguing. (子どもたちはけんかばかりしていて、僕は1日中、気も狂わんばかりだ) IV. Jokes a. Our newborn son, Noah, was resting comfortably in my father's arms when our minister stopped by one day. Suddenly, Noah burst into tears. "That's odd," the pastor observed. "He should be used to my voice. He's been hearing my sermons every Sunday for nine months." "Yeah," Dad said, "but this is the first chance he's had to comment on them." b. I found this in the classified ads of my local newspaper, The Monitor: "Complete set of Encyclopedia Britannica, 45 volumes; College Edition Webster's Dictionary, like new; thesaurus, not used. All in excellent condition. No longer needed … recently married. Wife knows everything." c. Billy Graham tells the story of a time early in his career when he arrived in a small town and asked a boy where the post office was. When the boy told him, Graham invited him to come to the meeting that evening. "You can hear me telling everyone how to get to heaven." "I don't think so," the boy said. "You don't even know your way to the post office." d. A friend got into a hospital lift with an orderly who was wheeling an elaborate machine. The device had several pipes, dials and gauges. "Man, I'd hate to be connected to that machine," my friend said. "So would I," agreed the orderly. "It's a carpet shampoorer." |