資料No. : NS071121
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The tables are set a good distance apart so it is possible to _____ an intimate conversation. (A) get (B) have (C) take (D) go 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Mr. White _____ the best out of his salesmen with an incentive plan that offers very generous rewards. (A) gives (B) owns (C) gets (D) pays 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 No matter _____ long it takes to finish the annual report, it must be done. (A) though (B) how (C) however (D) what 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Floods cause _____ amounting to hundreds of millions of dollars every year, as well as the loss of many lives. (A) damaging (B) to damage (C) damaged (D) damage 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Most of the new students were --- to ask questions during the first few classes. (A) hesitant (B) hesitate (C) hesitation (D) hesitatingly 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He got into trouble because he had neglected to --- the sales manager about the change in strategy. (A) talk (B) consult (C) say to (D) told 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Shares in the company fell --- in the fourth quarter because of product delays and other publicity problems. (A) sharp (B) sharpness (C) sharply (D) sharpen 8. Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Even though she (B)was borned in Tokyo, she was (C)raised (D)in Okinawa. 9. Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Is Professor Smith (B)highly regarded in the (C)field of genetic engineering, isn't (D)he? 10. Error Recognition練習問題 The passenger's (A)already lodged a (B)complaint with the (C)authorities, (D)isn't she? 11. Error Recognition練習問題 I wonder who (A)will the university (B)pick as (C)its new (D)president. 12. Error Recognition練習問題 They (A)haven't (B)been able to find a new teacher to (C)replace the one who (D)retire. 13. Error Recognition練習問題 He (A)oversleeped (B)two times last week and (C)was fired (D)from his job. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 When the tunnel connecting France ----- England was completed in the 1990s, they created the first dry connection between the two land masses since the Ice Age. (A) for (B) with (C) while (D) where 2. 空所補充問題 The fiber produced by some species of spider ----- that it has up to 200 times the tensile strength of steel wire of the same thickness. (A) so resilient (B) is so resilient (C) is resilient (D) which is so resilient 3. 空所補充問題 The lack of detailed information on the private life of Shakespeare has led to ----- that he may be a legendary figure. (A) speculate (B) speculating (C) speculation (D) speculative 4. 空所補充問題 According to Einstein's theory of relativity, the speed of light is not relative, ----- constant. (A) but (B) and (C) or (D) despite 5. 空所補充問題 The controversy over whether the solar system ----- heliocentric began before, and continued long after Copernicus formally proposed the idea. (A) being (B) were (C) is (D) has been 6. 正誤問題 (A)Beer was (B)considered an important source of nutrition in (C)a 17th century, especially (D)on long sea voyages. 7. 正誤問題 (A)Given a limited supply of essential nutrients, the rate (B)which a population of microorganisms (C)increases will limit the duration of (D)its growth. 8. 正誤問題 As is (A)the cases with many artists, the genius of French (B)critic, composer and conductor Louis Hector Berlioz (C)was not understood (D)until decades after his death in 1869. 9. 正誤問題 (AS)Ever since the earliest (B)existing texts were set down, writers have always used similes (C)or metaphors to get a point (D)around. 10. 正誤問題 (A)Any birth that occurs (B)less than 37 weeks (C)after conception is considered premature, (D)requires special medical attention. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The tables are set a good distance apart so it is possible to _____ an intimate conversation. (A) get (B) have (C) take (D) go 訳:テーブルは適当な距離に配置されていて,親密な会話を楽しむことができる。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】an intimate conversation「親密な会話」と結びつく動詞を探す。have [carry on, hold] a conversation with 〜で「〜と会話をする」の意味。 open [start] a conversation with 〜で「〜と会話を始める」の意味。「会話を止める」はbreak off a conversationと言う。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Mr. White _____ the best out of his salesmen with an incentive plan that offers very generous rewards. (A) gives (B) owns (C) gets (D) pays 訳:ホワイトさんは,かなり割のいい報奨金を出す刺激策で,販売員に最善を尽くさせた。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】the best out of 〜と結びつく動詞は何か。慣用表現の問題ということになるが,答えは(C)のgetsを選ぶ。get the best out of 〜で「〜の最高の状態を引き出す」という意味になる。an incentive planは「刺激策」。 【選択肢】make the best of 〜「〜を最大限に利用する」はよく使われる。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 No matter _____ long it takes to finish the annual report, it must be done. (A) though (B) how (C) however (D) what 訳:どんなに長くかかっても,年次報告書を仕上げなければならない。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】「No matter how+形容詞[副詞] 〜」(たとえどんなに〜でも)という譲歩の副詞節を作る。なお,これはNo matterを取って, 「However +形容詞[副詞] 〜」とも言い換えることできるが,この両者の形を混同しないように注意したい。 【選択肢】後ろにlongがあるので(D)のwhatを持ってくることは不可。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Floods cause _____ amounting to hundreds of millions of dollars every year, as well as the loss of many lives. (A) damaging (B) to damage (C) damaged (D) damage 訳:洪水は毎年,多くの人命の損失と同様に,何億ドルにものぼる損害をもたらしている。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】A as well as B「Bと同様にAも」という相関表現に注意して,形の並行性に努める。Bにあたるのはthe loss of many livesという名詞句。したがって,問題となる箇所も名詞句になる。なお,causeはここでは「〜を招く,〜の原因となる」という動詞で,問題の箇所はその目的語であることにも注意する。 【選択肢】(A) (B)とも名詞の働きはできるが,直後のamountingにも注意して,ここではずばり(D)を選ぶ。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Most of the new students were --- to ask questions during the first few classes. (A) hesitant (B) hesitate (C) hesitation (D) hesitatingly ※品詞問題です。空所には形容詞が入ることが分かります。正解はA。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He got into trouble because he had neglected to --- the sales manager about the change in strategy. (A) talk (B) consult (C) say to (D) told ※混同しやすい自動詞と他動詞の語法問題です。consultは、限定された状態ではconsult withで用いることもありますが、原則他動詞です。従って正解はB。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Shares in the company fell --- in the fourth quarter because of product delays and other publicity problems. (A) sharp (B) sharpness (C) sharply (D) sharpen ※品詞問題です。空所の直前のfellは自動詞fallの過去形。従って空所には副詞が入ることが分かります。正解はC。 8. Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Even though she (B)was borned in Tokyo, she was (C)raised (D)in Okinawa. 訳:彼女は生まれは東京だが、育ちは沖縄だ。 (B)→was born。(B) bear「生む」の過去分詞はborn。be born「生まれる」。(C) raise「(子どもを)育てる、養う」 9. Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Is Professor Smith (B)highly regarded in the (C)field of genetic engineering, isn't (D)he? 訳:スミス教授は遺伝子工学の分野で高く評価されていますね。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】疑問文を母体に付加疑問を形成することはないので,AはProfessor Smith isとして先行詞を平叙文に変える必要がある。なお,命令文では付加疑問が可能で,肯定命令文にはwill [won't, would, wouldn't, can, can't, could, couldn't] you? が,否定命令文にはwill [can] you? がつく。また,勧誘のLet's ... にはshall we? が付加される。例:Give me a hand, will you?; Don't make a noise, will [can] you?; Let's start, shall we? 【選択肢】highlyは「物理的に高く」の意はなく,この問題文のように常に比喩的に「高く」の意で用いられる。in the field of 〜 は「〜の分野で」の意。 10. Error Recognition練習問題 The passenger's (A)already lodged a (B)complaint with the (C)authorities, (D)isn't she? 訳:その乗客はすでに当局に訴え出たんですね。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】The passenger'sはThe passenger hasの短縮形であるから,Dはhasn't sheが正しい。 11. Error Recognition練習問題 I wonder who (A)will the university (B)pick as (C)its new (D)president. 訳:その大学は新しい学長にだれを選ぶのだろうか。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】who以下は間接疑問節であるから「who+S (the university) +V (will pick) 」の語順になる。 12. Error Recognition練習問題 They (A)haven't (B)been able to find a new teacher to (C)replace the one who (D)retire. 訳:退職した先生の後任を見つけることができないでいる。 (D)→retired。(C) replace「(〜に)取って代わる」。(D) retire「(老齢・定年などの理由で)退職する」。[ヒント] oneは三人称単数なのでretireもそれに応じた形を取るwho is retireingまたはwho retiredならばよい。 13. Error Recognition練習問題 He (A)oversleeped (B)two times last week and (C)was fired (D)from his job. 訳:彼は先週2度も寝坊して首になった。 (A)→overslept。(A) oversleep「寝過ごす−過去形はoverslept。(C) fire「(人を)首にする、お払い箱にする」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 When the tunnel connecting France ----- England was completed in the 1990s, they created the first dry connection between the two land masses since the Ice Age. (A) for (B) with (C) while (D) where ※正解(B)。【解説】 空所に接続詞while、関係副詞whereが入るはずがない。動詞connectingと一緒に用いられる前置詞は何か?正解は(B) withである。 2. 空所補充問題 The fiber produced by some species of spider ----- that it has up to 200 times the tensile strength of steel wire of the same thickness. (A) so resilient (B) is so resilient (C) is resilient (D) which is so resilient ※正解(B)。【解説】 接続詞thatの前にこの文の動詞がなければこの文は成立しない。is so resilientを空所に入れればso...that構文になる。 3. 空所補充問題 The lack of detailed information on the private life of Shakespeare has led to ----- that he may be a legendary figure. (A) speculate (B) speculating (C) speculation (D) speculative ※正解(C)。【解説】 leadの後のtoは前置詞である。したがって、この後には名詞が来るはずである。正解は(C)speculationである。lead to speculation that... 「……だという憶測を呼ぶ」。 4. 空所補充問題 According to Einstein's theory of relativity, the speed of light is not relative, ----- constant. (A) but (B) and (C) or (D) despite ※正解(A)。【解説】 not... but〜を使えば、「……ではなく〜である」の意味になる。 5. 空所補充問題 The controversy over whether the solar system ----- heliocentric began before, and continued long after Copernicus formally proposed the idea. (A) being (B) were (C) is (D) has been ※正解(C)。【解説】 空所にはwhether節の動詞が入る。ここは(不変の)事実を述べているのでbe動詞はisを用いる。heliocentric「太陽を中心とした」。 6. 正誤問題 (A)Beer was (B)considered an important source of nutrition in (C)a 17th century, especially (D)on long sea voyages. ※正解(C)。a → the。Beerの前に冠詞は必要ない。受け身としてのconsideredに問題はない。17th centuryの前ではaではなくtheを使わなくてはいけない。前置詞onの用法に誤りはない。 7. 正誤問題 (A)Given a limited supply of essential nutrients, the rate (B)which a population of microorganisms (C)increases will limit the duration of (D)its growth. ※正解(B)。which → at which。Givenは分詞構文である。whichの前にatがなければ前後の文が繋がらない。increasesとitsに問題はない。 8. 正誤問題 As is (A)the cases with many artists, the genius of French (B)critic, composer and conductor Louis Hector Berlioz (C)was not understood (D)until decades after his death in 1869. ※正解(A)。the cases → the case。As isの後に複数形のthe casesが来るのはどう見てもおかしい。As is the case with... で「……の場合と同様に」の意味になる。 9. 正誤問題 (AS)Ever since the earliest (B)existing texts were set down, writers have always used similes (C)or metaphors to get a point (D)around. ※正解(D)。around → across。Ever since「……以来」、existing「存在する」、orの用法に誤りはない。aroundをacrossにすれば、get... acrossで「……伝える」の意味になる。 10. 正誤問題 (A)Any birth that occurs (B)less than 37 weeks (C)after conception is considered premature, (D)requires special medical attention. ※正解(D)。requires → requiring / and requires。is consideredがこの文の動詞である。その後にrequiresを使うと動詞が2つになってしまう。ここはrequiring(分詞構文)、あるいは、and requiresにしなければ文が成り立たない。 II.時事英文 イスラム教徒のスンニ派、シーア派(その11:全16回シリーズ) But political scientist Juan Cole of the University of Michigan says the two groups in many places coexist peacefully. He contends the current civil strife between Shi'ites and Sunnis in Iraq is more about power than issues of worship. しかし、ミシガン大学の政治学者ファンコールは、多くの場所の2つのグループが平和に共存すると言います。彼は、イラクのシーア派とスンニー派教徒の間の現在の市民の争いが力について崇拝の問題より多くであると主張します。 III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆Curiosity killed the cat◆ Why curiosity killed the cat is a mystery, but according to this proverb, you should not be too curious, you should not be too interested in, finding out the answer to a question or solving a mystery, because it will probably cause you more problems. III -c. 英語の新語 ◆Spinach cinema◆ Spinach is a type of food that many people do not like, but many people eat spinach because it is healthy. In the same way, spinach cinema refers to films that are not very exciting or interesting, but which you feel you should see because it will be good for you, i.e., educational, life-changing or uplifting. There are also "spinach books" and "spinach television." III-d. 英語のフレーズ ◆Predict your future by creating it.◆ (未来はそれを作り出すことによって予測せよ) III-e. 今週のイディオム hold someone's feet to the fire 人に圧力をかける (try to force someone to do somethoing) 中世の時代に自白を迫る手段として、動けないようにして足をひもで縛り火に近づけて拷問したことから生まれた慣用表現。現在では、他人に圧力をかけて、従わせようとする場合に用いられます。 "Greg won't come along even if you hold his feet to the fire," she said, disappointed. (「グレッグは、あなたが強引にお願いしてもついて来ないわ」と彼女は落胆して言った) Since you seem to be holding my feet to the fire, I guess I have no choice but to cooperate. (キミが僕に圧力をかけているから、協力しないわけにはいかなそうだね) IV. Jokes a. "Susie, do you know your numbers?" the teacher asks. "Yes," she says. "My dad taught me." "What comes after three?" "Four," Susie answers. "Great. And tell me what number comes after six?" "Seven." "Excellent," Susie's teacher says. "Your dad did a good job. Now what's after ten?" "Jack." b. Jim arrives home to find his wife lying on the floor in a pool of sweat. He rushes over and rouses her. It's then that he notices that she's wearing a heavy coat and a mink. "Are you OK? What are you doing?" he asks. "You've been promising to paint the living room for months now," she explains groggily. "I wanted to prove that I could do just as good a job as you, and faster too." "Well, it does look like you did a good job," Jim says, looking around. "But why are you all bundled up?" "I know how to read," she snaps. "The can said 'For best results put on two coats.'" bundled up 衣類を着込む |