資料No. : NS070926
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After checking the laundry, I found the colors _____ (A) had run (B) running (C) runner (D) run 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 They've all been _____ away already. (A) took (B) taken (C) taking (D) take 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 That's the store _____ I bought it. (A) that (B) where (C) which (D) there 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 His students _____ that his class was very boring. (A) continued (B) produced (C) complained (D) bothered 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A few of the attendees were unable to stay for the --- program due to other obligations. (A) entire (B) finish (C) completely (D) end 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If these network problems ---, we might need to hire a professional to help us sort them out. (A) persist (B) persistent (C) persistently (D) persistence 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The essay was not written ---, so the student was asked to repeat the assignment. (A) coherence (B) coherently (C) coherent (D) cohere 8. Error Recognition練習問題 We're very busy tomorrow (A)as the boss (B)came (C)on his annual tour (D)of inspection. 9. Error Recognition練習問題 (A)When (B)you've finished, (C)put the things (D)at the shelf. 10. Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Have you (B)living here (C)since (D)last year? 11. Error Recognition練習問題 The wording on the contract looked (A)very strange that (B)he was (C)reluctant to sign (D)it. 12. Error Recognition練習問題 Just (A)between you and (B)I, I think the boss (C)will retire (D)this year. 13. Error Recognition練習問題 Be sure to (A)give the client (B)all informations (C)requested, and report (D)to the supervisor. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Throughout the history of Indian philosophy ----- a strong tendency toward metaphysical speculation. (A) there have been (B) has there been (C) have there been (D) there has been 2. 空所補充問題 A lobotomy is a crude surgical operation in which a lobe brain is physically destroyed in an attempt ----- the symptoms of dementia. (A) easing (B) eased (C) to ease (D) is eased 3. 空所補充問題 The Mediterranean fruit fly, a major agricultural pest, reappeared in Florida in 1957 ----- it had been thought to have been eliminated in 1931. (A) despite of that (B) despite the fact that (C) in spite of (D) in spite of that fact 4. 空所補充問題 An armistice is an agreement between two or more enemies to cease hostilities indefinitely, ----- a truce is a temporary and often localized cease-fire. (A) when (B) while (C) thus (D) during 5. 空所補充問題 Killed in a skirmish with natives of the Philippine island of Mactan, Ferdinand Magellan never personally completed the circumnavigation of the globe which he made ----. (A) possible (B) possibly (C) possibility (D) possibilities 6. 正誤問題 Some experts (A)are believing that (B)the most important contribution of robotic science will be (C)to produce ever more humanoid (D)robots. 7. 正誤問題 (A)A comparison of titanium with other metals (B)reveals that (C)is it far stronger relative to (D)its density and weight. 8. 正誤問題 (A)Being able to afford a comfortably large house in a safe neighborhood with a (B)two-cars garage (C)has always been a part of the ideal materialistic lifestyle (D)known as the American Dream. 9. 正誤問題 The frequency (A)with which strikes occur in an industry (B)are a good indication of (C)whether workers are satisfied (D)or not. 10. 正誤問題 (A)Unlike other animals, human beings have developed technologies (B)that allow (C)we to live successfully in virtually any climate (D)on earth. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After checking the laundry, I found the colors _____ (A) had run (B) running (C) runner (D) run 訳:洗濯物を見てみると,色落ちしていることがわかった。 ※正解(A)。この場合の run は「(色などが洗濯で)落ちる」という意味の自動詞です。(B) の running という現在分詞は,この場合は After checking 〜 という副詞節があるので不適切です。(D) の run を原形不定詞と考えると,find は原形不定詞を補語にはとりませんし,run は自動詞なので「〜させられた」という意味で過去分詞ととることもできません。正解は (A) で found の後に that 節 の that が省略された形です。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 They've all been _____ away already. (A) took (B) taken (C) taking (D) take 訳:それらはもう持っていかれてしまいました。 ※正解(B)。They've (all) been に注目すると, という完了時制であることがわかります。過去分詞 been の後に続く語は,(B) か (C) にしぼられます。take away は「〜を持ち去る」という他動詞句で目的語を伴うので,(C) は不可。受動態の完了時制となる (B) が正解になります。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 That's the store _____ I bought it. (A) that (B) where (C) which (D) there 訳:私がそれを買ったのはその店です。 ※正解(B)。That's the store. と I bought it there. の2文をつなぐ関係詞が入ります。the store を先行詞として接続詞と副詞の働きをする (B) の関係副詞 where が正解です。関係代名詞の (C) which を用いる場合,in which と前置詞が必要です。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 His students _____ that his class was very boring. (A) continued (B) produced (C) complained (D) bothered 訳:生徒たちは彼の授業はとても退屈だと文句を言った。 ※正解(C)。選択する動詞の目的語となる that 節の「授業がとても退屈だ(boring)」をヒントに,適切な語を選択します。(A) は「続けた」,(B) は 「生み出した」,(D) は 「困らせた」という意味です。(C) のcomplained「不平を言った」が文意に合います。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A few of the attendees were unable to stay for the --- program due to other obligations. (A) entire (B) finish (C) completely (D) end ※一見すると語彙問題ですが、選択肢の各単語の品詞を考えれば正解できます。theとprogramの間に空所があるため、形容詞が入ることが分かります。entireのみが形容詞なので、正解は(A)。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If these network problems ---, we might need to hire a professional to help us sort them out. (A) persist (B) persistent (C) persistently (D) persistence ※品詞問題です。文全体をみれば、Ifで始まる節に動詞がないことに気付きます。従って正解は(A)。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The essay was not written ---, so the student was asked to repeat the assignment. (A) coherence (B) coherently (C) coherent (D) cohere ※品詞問題です。空所には副詞が入ることが分かります。正解は(B)。 8. Error Recognition練習問題 We're very busy tomorrow (A)as the boss (B)came (C)on his annual tour (D)of inspection. 訳:上司が年に一度の視察にくるので,明日は私たちは忙しい。 ※正解(B)。「明日」という未来のことを言っているわけですから, (B) の過去形は誤りです。未来形にするなら,the boss will come [will be coming, is going to come] などが考えられるかもしれませんが,ネイティブ・スピーカーなら,the boss is coming という表現をすることが多いでしょう。We're very busy は現在形で確定的な未来を表しています 。 9. Error Recognition練習問題 (A)When (B)you've finished, (C)put the things (D)at the shelf. 訳:終わったら,それを棚の上に置いてください。 ※正解(D)。場所を表す前置詞の違いに注意しましょう。「棚の上」という,ある面の上に接触する位置のことを言うのですから,(D) は at ではなく on となるべきです。at は,ある1点についてとらえる前置詞です。 10. Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Have you (B)living here (C)since (D)last year? 訳:昨年からここに住んでいるのですか? ※正解(B)。since last year という継続を表す語句は現在完了や過去完了とともに用いられます。Have で始まることになっていますから,(B) は正しくは 継続を表す現在完了の lived,または現在までの動作の継続を表す現在完了進行形の been living でなくてはなりません。文の意味はどちらでもほとんど変わりません。 11. Error Recognition練習問題 The wording on the contract looked (A)very strange that (B)he was (C)reluctant to sign (D)it. 訳:契約書の言い回しが非常に妙だったので、彼は調印するのを嫌がった。 ※正解(A)。very → so。このままでは接続詞thatの役割が不明。thatをそのままにするならば、程度を表すso〜that S V (非常に〜なのでSはVする)の構文にしなければならない。 12. Error Recognition練習問題 Just (A)between you and (B)I, I think the boss (C)will retire (D)this year. 訳:ここだけの話だが、私は上司が今年退職すると思う。 ※正解(B)。I → me。「あなたと私」が主語になる場合にはYou and Iだが、ここではbetweenという前置詞の目的語となっているので、Iを目的格のmeにしなければならない。 13. Error Recognition練習問題 Be sure to (A)give the client (B)all informations (C)requested, and report (D)to the supervisor. 訳:必ず顧客には求められたすべての情報を提供し、主任に報告しなさい。 ※正解(B)。informations → information。Informationは不可算名詞なので、複数形にすることはできない。数えるときにはpieceを使って、a few pieces of informationのように表現する。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Throughout the history of Indian philosophy ----- a strong tendency toward metaphysical speculation. (A) there have been (B) has there been (C) have there been (D) there has been ※正解(D)。問題文は疑問文ではない。また、空所の後にはa strong tendencyと単数形の名詞が続いている。したがって、正解は(D) there has beenになる。metaphysical speculation「形而上学思索」。 2. 空所補充問題 A lobotomy is a crude surgical operation in which a lobe brain is physically destroyed in an attempt ----- the symptoms of dementia. (A) easing (B) eased (C) to ease (D) is eased ※正解(C)。in an attempt to ...(動詞) で「... しようとする」の意味になる。正解は(C)。lobotomy「脳葉切開術」。 3. 空所補充問題 The Mediterranean fruit fly, a major agricultural pest, reappeared in Florida in 1957 ----- it had been thought to have been eliminated in 1931. (A) despite of that (B) despite the fact that (C) in spite of (D) in spite of that fact ※正解(B)。despiteの後に前置詞ofは必要ない。また、in spite ofの後に文を続けることはできない。さらに、in spite of that factの後にit had been .. と文を続けることもできない。正解は(B) despite the fact thatである。 4. 空所補充問題 An armistice is an agreement between two or more enemies to cease hostilities indefinitely, ----- a truce is a temporary and often localized cease-fire. (A) when (B) while (C) thus (D) during ※正解(B)。前半でarmistice「休戦」について、後半でtruce「停戦」について説明している。この2つの文を繋ぐには(B) while「一方」を使えばいい。 5. 空所補充問題 Killed in a skirmish with natives of the Philippine island of Mactan, Ferdinand Magellan never personally completed the circumnavigation of the globe which he made ----. (A) possible (B) possibly (C) possibility (D) possibilities ※正解(A)。madeの目的語はthe circumnavigation of the gloveである。he made the circumnavigation of the glove possibleとすれば意味が通る。circumnavigation「周航する(一周する)」。 6. 正誤問題 Some experts (A)are believing that (B)the most important contribution of robotic science will be (C)to produce ever more humanoid (D)robots. ※正解(A)。are believing → believe。believe「信じる」は進行形にする必要はない。the most(最上級)、to(不定詞名詞用法)、robots(可算名詞)に誤りはない。humanoid「人そっくりの」。 7. 正誤問題 (A)A comparison of titanium with other metals (B)reveals that (C)is it far stronger relative to (D)its density and weight. ※正解(C)。is it → it is。comparison「比較」は可算名詞である。revealsはA comparisonに呼応している。that節に続く文をis itと疑問文になっているのはおかしい。itsはtitaniumを指している。density「濃度」。 8. 正誤問題 (A)Being able to afford a comfortably large house in a safe neighborhood with a (B)two-cars garage (C)has always been a part of the ideal materialistic lifestyle (D)known as the American Dream. ※正解(B)。two-cars → two-car。two-carsとハイフンがついていることに注目。この句は形容詞として用いられている。したがって、複数形のsは必要ない。materialistic「物質主義の」。 9. 正誤問題 The frequency (A)with which strikes occur in an industry (B)are a good indication of (C)whether workers are satisfied (D)or not. ※正解(B)。are → is。with whichの用法に問題はない。この文の主語は単数the frequencyである。それに呼応してareはisにしなければいけない。whether ... or notに誤りはない。 10. 正誤問題 (A)Unlike other animals, human beings have developed technologies (B)that allow (C)we to live successfully in virtually any climate (D)on earth. ※正解(C)。we → us。前置詞Unlikeと関係代名詞thatに問題はない。他動詞allowの目的語はweではなくusである。on earthで「地上の」という意味。 II.時事英文 イスラム教徒のスンニ派、シーア派(その3:全16回シリーズ) But the split between the two main branches of Islam happened soon after the death of Muhammad nearly fourteen centuries ago. At issue was who should succeed him. Shi'ites rallied around Muhammad's cousin Ali, while Sunnis chose the best Muslim among them to succeed the prophet. しかし、イスラム教の2つの主な分岐の間の開きは、ほぼ14世紀前、マホメットの死亡のすぐ後、起こりました。問題になっている、彼の跡を継がなければなりません。スンニー派教徒が彼らの間で最高のイスラム教徒を予言者の跡を継ぐために選ぶ間、シーア派はマホメットのいとこアリのもとに馳せ参じました。 III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆An idle brain is the devil's workshop◆ According to this proverb, a person who has nothing to do will be tempted to do more bad things than good things. "Idle" means "not doing much." III -c. 英語の新語 ◆Duppie◆ Most people already know what the word yuppie means. It stands for young, urban professional, a young person with a good job and good salary, who likes to use money on his or her home, appearance, etc., and lives in the city. You look at a yuppie and you know straight away they are doing well financially. A duppie is a depressed urban professional. Duppies were once yuppies, but they have not succeeded. They may have lost their jobs or never been promoted, so now they are older and they are not earning very much money. They have to continue doing a job that they do not like. Duppie can also stand for downwardly mobile, urban professional. III-d. 英語のフレーズ ◆ Fortune favors the bold.◆ (幸運は勇者に味方する) III-e. 今週のイディオム on the heels of 〜のすぐ後に(続いて) (very soon after something) 「〜のかかと(heel)の部分に」が文字通りの意味で、人や物事がすぐ後に迫っている場合に用いるイディオム。 特に2つの出来事が間髪を入れずに続けざまに起こるときは「直後」の意味でhardを加えることがあります。 The second typhoon came on the heels of the first, causing more devastation. (2つ目の台風が、一つ目のすぐ後にやって来てさらなる被害をもたらした) The first report followed hard on the heels of the plane crash. (飛行機墜落事故の後、すぐさまその第一報が報じられた) Coming on the heels of other medical expenses, this latest operation will make her bankrupt. (他の医療費が次々請求された直後だったので、今回の手術で彼女は破産してしまう) IV. Jokes a. A guy goes to a home-improvement store. "Can you help me find a ceiling fan?" he asks the salesman. "No, I'm all out of tuna," he replies. "I'm actually looking for a ceiling fan," the guy says louder. "I told you, I don't have any tuna," the salesman answers. Frustrated, the customer is about to leave when he stops and says, "I'm surprised you sell tuna in this store." "Well, we sure do," says the salesman, "right there on aisle four, next to the ceiling fans." b. One afternoon an elderly man walks into a confessional and tells the priest, "I'm 82 years old, have a wonderful wife of 60 years, five children and 15 grandchildren. Yesterday, I picked up two female students hitch-hiking. They thought I was kind of interesting. One thing led to another and I ended up making love to both of them twice." The priest says, "Are you sorry for your sins?" "What sins?" "Excuse me!" says the priest. "What kind of Catholic are you?" "I'm not a Catholic, I'm Jewish," says the man. "Then why are you telling me all this?" "Oh, I'm telling everybody." confessional ざんげ室 priest 牧師 One thing led to another 一つのことから別のことにつながって c. Luckily, for me, the CD carrying case I just bought came with meticulous instructions. "The CD unit," read the directions, "automatically becomes portable when carried." meticulous 極めて注意深い、細部まで行き届いた c. "Pardon me," said the young man. I looked up from behind my desk at the library. "How do I get on the computer?" "Just tell us your name and wait," I answered. "OK, it's John," he said, "63 kilos." |