資料No. : NS070912
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He was _____ than I thought. (A) impression (B) greatly impressive (C) more impressive (D) greater impression 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When would they have _____ to see it? (A) to been (B) able to be (C) been able (D) able 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Not only her children but also her mother _____ in the park. (A) was (B) have been (C) being (D) were 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Are you sure we ought _____ this on the air later tonight? (A) to show (B) to be shown (C) have shown (D) show 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The goal of our customer service department is to answer all inquiries -----. (A) promptly (B) resentfully (C) provokingly (D) painfully 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If the conveyor belt had not broken down last week, we ----- able to fill that order on time. (A) would be (B) will have been (C) had been (D) would have been 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Please ----- our company-wide policy of no smoking in work areas. (A) follow (B) neglect (C) regard (D) compare 8. Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)said we (B)would meet (C)his here (D)today. 9. Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)hope the board meeting (B)won't (C)delay (D)again. 10. Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Have all of (B)those faxes we sent (C)have (D)replies yet? 11. Error Recognition練習問題 Mr. Banks A)wants to know B)if it is C)total impossible to persuade the bank D)to reconsider the loan. 12. Error Recognition練習問題 When A)do you B)expect to finish C)processing last D)month invoices? 13. Error Recognition練習問題 A)Almost the vehicles we B)shipped last month C)have been sold D)already. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Most professional sports have venues, such as the Baseball Hall of Fame, designed specifically to honor -----. (A) an outstanding players (B) its outstanding players (C) their outstanding players (D) its outstanding player 2. 空所補充問題 The evolutionary changes by which snakes have evolved from crawling reptiles include not just the loss of the limbs, but also ----- of one lung and the elongation of many organs. (A) the reduction or loss (B) reducing or losing (C) to reduce or lose (D) reduced or lost 3. 空所補充問題 Initially a Roman Soldier, Spartacus deserted, was captured and sold as a gladiator slave, escaped, and went on ----- several successful battles against Roman forces from 72-71 B.C. (A) leading (B) led (C) lead (D) to lead 4. 空所補充問題 An international treaty signed in 1959 dedicated Antarctic exploration and development exclusively to -----. (A) the peaceful purposes (B) their peaceful purpose (C) peaceful purpose (D) peaceful purposes 5. 空所補充問題 The importance of the works of Rodin to 20th century sculpture ----- overstated. (A) could hardly (B) is hard to (C) can hardly be (D) is hard to be 6. 正誤問題 Rag paper (A)made from textile fibers provided (B)the least expensive, (C)more convenient writing surface than the specially prepared leather known (D)as parchment. 7. 正誤問題 (A)Although we often associate gardening with (B)a appreciation of the natural environment, this hobby is a (C)larger source of pesticide pollution than the factories (D)that produce the chemicals. 8. 正誤問題 There (A)are several occasions (B)on which (C)the Magna Carta was revised and reissued (D)between 1215 and 1217. 9. 正誤問題 (A)Game theory is the mathematical study of strategic (B)phenomena and their influence (C)on the probability of achieving a favorable outcome in games (D)for example poker or chess. 10. 正誤問題 (A)Merchants and political refugees (B)from India began (C)arrive in Indonesia (D)more than 2000 years ago. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He was _____ than I thought. (A) impression (B) greatly impressive (C) more impressive (D) greater impression 訳:思っていたより彼には感銘を受けた。 ※正解(C)。比較級の基本的用法は<形容詞・副詞の比較級+than 〜>となります。そうすると,まず最初に (A) や (B) は消去されます。(D) は文型上,He = impression ではないので不適切であることに気づくでしょう。形容詞 impressive に more をつけて比較級を表している (C) が正解となります。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When would they have _____ to see it? (A) to been (B) able to be (C) been able (D) able 訳:彼らはいつそれを見ることができたのでしょうか? ※正解(C)。would と have をヒントに仮定法過去完了であることがわかります。の形で「過去の事柄に関する不確実な推量」を表します。正解は (C) の been able で,「たぶん見られなかっただろう」という含みをもつ反語的な意味になります。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Not only her children but also her mother _____ in the park. (A) was (B) have been (C) being (D) were 訳:彼女の子供たちだけでなく,彼女の母親もその公園にいた。 ※正解(A)。not only 〜 but also ... 「〜だけでなく…もまた」が主語の位置にある場合,動詞は ... に一致させます。したがって,ここでは her mother に呼応する,(A) の was が正解です。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Are you sure we ought _____ this on the air later tonight? (A) to show (B) to be shown (C) have shown (D) show 訳:これを今晩遅くに放送するべきだと本当に思いますか? ※正解(A)。ought は後ろにがくるので (C),(D) は不適切です。(B) は受動態で,「〜されるべきだ」という意味。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The goal of our customer service department is to answer all inquiries -----. (A) promptly (B) resentfully (C) provokingly (D) painfully 訳:わが社のお得意様係は、すべての問い合わせに迅速にこたえることをモットーとしている。 ※正解(A)。選択肢がすべて副詞なので、どの副詞が一番文脈にふさわしいかを判断しなければならない。 (B)resentfully (憤慨したように)、 (C)provokingly (腹立たしく)、 (D)painfully (苦労して)では意味が合わない。正解は (A)promptly (敏速に)。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If the conveyor belt had not broken down last week, we ----- able to fill that order on time. (A) would be (B) will have been (C) had been (D) would have been 訳:もし先週ベルトコンベヤーが故障していなかったら、納期までにあの注文に十分こたえられたのだが。 ※正解(D)。事実は、「先週ベルトコンベヤーが故障したから注文に間に合わなかった」ということである。これを過去の事実の反対を仮定する仮定法過去完了を用いて述べているので、文法的に正しいのは (D) のみ。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Please ----- our company-wide policy of no smoking in work areas. (A) follow (B) neglect (C) regard (D) compare 訳:全社内の仕事場での禁煙の方針に従ってください。 ※正解(A)。company-wide policy は「全社に適用された方針」という意味。 (B)neglect (〜を無視する)、 (C)regard (〜を [ …と ] 見なす)、 (D)compare (〜を [ …と ] 比較する)、ではいずれも文の意味が通らない。正解は (A) の follow (〜に従う)。 8. Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)said we (B)would meet (C)his here (D)today. 訳:私たちは今日ここで彼に会うと私は言いました。 ※正解(C)。meet は他動詞で目的語をとりますから,(C) は所有格の his ではなくて,目的格の him でなくてはなりません。(B) は 主節の動詞が said と過去形になっていますから,時制の一致を受けて過去時制になっています。 9. Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)hope the board meeting (B)won't (C)delay (D)again. 訳:重役会議はもう延期しないでほしい。 ※正解(C)。英語と日本語の発想の違いがポイントとなります。日本語が能動態の表現でも,英語は受け身になることに注意します。(C) の delay は「〜を延期させる」という他動詞で,ここでは the board meeting が主語になっているので,受け身にならなければなりません。 10. Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Have all of (B)those faxes we sent (C)have (D)replies yet? 訳:私たちが送ったファックスにはもう全部返事がきましたか? ※正解(C)。これが現在完了の文であることは,Have で始まる疑問文であることからすぐにわかったと思います。それからまず,主部がどの部分かを見極めましょう。主部は,少し長いですが,all of those faxes we sent の部分で,faxes の後には関係代名詞の that が省略されています。したがってその後にくる (C) の have は,過去分詞 had にならなくてはいけません。 11. Error Recognition練習問題 Mr. Banks A)wants to know B)if it is C)total impossible to persuade the bank D)to reconsider the loan. 訳:バンクスさんは、そのローンを再検討するように銀行を説得することがまったく不可能かどうかを知りたいのです。 ※正解(C)。impossible (不可能な)は形容詞なので、修飾する (C) は形容詞 total ではなく、副詞 totally でなくてはならない。 12. Error Recognition練習問題 When A)do you B)expect to finish C)processing last D)month invoices? 訳:先月の送り状の整理が終わるのはいつごろになりそうですか。 ※正解(D)。(C) の process ( [ 書類・資料など ] を整理する)の目的語は「先月の送り状」。よって last month invoices は、 last month's invoices としなければならない。正解は (D) 。 13. Error Recognition練習問題 A)Almost the vehicles we B)shipped last month C)have been sold D)already. 訳:わが社が先月出荷した車はもうほとんど売り切れている。 ※正解(A)。(A) の Almost は副詞なので、名詞 the vehicles を修飾することはできない。「ほとんどすべての車両」というには、形容詞 all を入れて Almost all the vehicles とするのが正しい。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Most professional sports have venues, such as the Baseball Hall of Fame, designed specifically to honor -----. (A) an outstanding players (B) its outstanding players (C) their outstanding players (D) its outstanding player ※正解(C)。【解説】 anと複数形の組み合わせはあり得ないので(A)は除外できる。問題はitsとtheirが何を指しているかである。Most professional sportsにおけるoutstanding playersのことを言っているので、正解はtheirを使っている(C)になる。 2. 空所補充問題 The evolutionary changes by which snakes have evolved from crawling reptiles include not just the loss of the limbs, but also ----- of one lung and the elongation of many organs. (A) the reduction or loss (B) reducing or losing (C) to reduce or lose (D) reduced or lost ※正解(A)。not just ... but alsoの構文である。not justの後にはthe lossと名詞形が使われているので、それに合わせてbut alsoの後にも名詞形the reduction or lossを使うことになる。 3. 空所補充問題 Initially a Roman Soldier, Spartacus deserted, was captured and sold as a gladiator slave, escaped, and went on ----- several successful battles against Roman forces from 72-71 B.C. (A) leading (B) led (C) lead (D) to lead ※正解(D)。went on leadingでもよさそうだが、それでは「 ……し続けた」の意味になる。ここはwent on to ... で「... するようになった」を使わなくては意味が通らない。 4. 空所補充問題 An international treaty signed in 1959 dedicated Antarctic exploration and development exclusively to -----. (A) the peaceful purposes (B) their peaceful purpose (C) peaceful purpose (D) peaceful purposes ※正解(D)。(B)はtheirが何を指すのかが分からない。purpose「目的」は可算名詞である。したがった、(C) peaceful purposeは冠詞を付けるか、複数形にしなければならない。theの有無で悩むところだが、具体的な目的について述べているわけではないので、(D) peaceful purposesが正解となる。 5. 空所補充問題 The importance of the works of Rodin to 20th century sculpture ----- overstated. (A) could hardly (B) is hard to (C) can hardly be (D) is hard to be ※正解(C)。could hardlyとis hard toの後にoverstatedを続けることはできないのは明らかである。正解は(C)か(D)のどちらかである。can hardly be overstatedで「……を誇張し過ぎることはない」の意味になる。 6. 正誤問題 Rag paper (A)made from textile fibers provided (B)the least expensive, (C)more convenient writing surface than the specially prepared leather known (D)as parchment. ※正解(B)。the least → a less。thanが使われていることに注目する。したがって、moreに問題はない。the leastは最上級なので、ここはa lessと比較級にしなければ後に来るthanと対応しなくなる。madeの前にはthat isを補って考える。known as ... 「……として知られている」。 7. 正誤問題 (A)Although we often associate gardening with (B)a appreciation of the natural environment, this hobby is a (C)larger source of pesticide pollution than the factories (D)that produce the chemicals. ※正解(B)。簡単過ぎて見逃してしまいそうな誤りである。appreciationの前の冠詞はaではなくanである。 8. 正誤問題 There (A)are several occasions (B)on which (C)the Magna Carta was revised and reissued (D)between 1215 and 1217. ※正解(A)。are → were。過去に起きたことについて述べているので、areはwereにしなければならない。 9. 正誤問題 (A)Game theory is the mathematical study of strategic (B)phenomena and their influence (C)on the probability of achieving a favorable outcome in games (D)for example poker or chess. ※正解(D)。for example → such as。Game theory「ゲーム理論」に冠詞は必要ない。phenomenaはphenomenon「現象」の複数形である。influence「影響」の後に来る前置詞onに問題はない。この文脈ではfor exampleではなくsuch asを使わなくてはいけない。for exampleを用いる場合には、例えば、次のように言う。... in games such as poker or chess, for example / ... in games, for example, poker or chess 10. 正誤問題 (A)Merchants and political refugees (B)from India began (C)arrive in Indonesia (D)more than 2000 years ago. ※正解(C)。arrive → to arrive / arriving。複数形Merchantsと前置詞fromに問題はない。beganの後のarriveはto arrive、あるいは、arrivingにしなければならない。more than ... 「……以上」。 II.時事英文 イスラム教徒のスンニ派、シーア派(その1:全16回シリーズ) Sunni and Shi'ite Muslims represent the two major branches of Islam. The Sunni majority is spread around the world. The minority Shi'ites, many of whom live in Iran, account for about 15 percent of the world's estimated 1.3 billion Muslims. What is the impact of the religious divide between the two factions on rising sectarian tensions in the Middle East? スンニ派のおよびシーア派イスラム教徒は、イスラム教の2つの主な分岐を代表します。スンニ派の大多数は、世界中で広げられます。少数派シーア派、有効な流行のイランが世界の約13億人のイスラム教徒のおよそ15パーセントを占める大衆。 中東の上る派閥の緊張に関する2つの派閥の間の宗教的な分裂の影響は、何ですか? III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆A lie well stuck to is as good as the truth.◆ According to this proverb, a lie that is believed by everyone or most people (a lie that is well stuck) is no different from the truth. The lie becomes truth. III -c. 英語の新語 ◆Chick Lit/Chick Flick◆ Chick lit refers to novels usually written by women, for women, about women. The main character of the novel is usually a young, slightly unconventional woman, and the story centers around things like finding the perfect man, having fun (or fighting) with your girlfriends, on being a wife or mother, feminist issues -- basically anything that is considered interesting to women. It can be comic or serious, but it is always sentimental. Famous examples include "Bridget Jones's Diary"and novels by Randy Taguchi. "Chick" is slang for "girl,"and"lit"is short for"literature." A chick flick is similar to chick lit, except that it is a movie -- usually a romantic comedy. Again, "Bridget Jones's Diary" with Renee Zellweger is a famous example. The male version of chick lit and chick flicks -- i.e., novels and movies made for men, usually featuring lots of explosions, violence, cars, dirty jokes and big-breasted women who don't wear very much -- is lad lit and lad flicks, or more crudely, dick lit/dick flicks or prick lit/prick flicks. The movie "Bad Boys" is a good example. III-d. 英語のフレーズ ◆ Doubts often make fears real.◆ ( 疑いはしばしば現実化する) III-e. 今週のイディオム wrap around one's finger 人を言いなりにさせる (persuade someone to do anything that you want) 人を意のままにあやつることを、little finger (小指)にリボンやひもを巻き付ける様子にたとえた慣用表現。指の中でも最も力の弱い小指に巻かれてしまうことから相手を「手玉にとる」といった含みを持って使われます。 Elizabeth will have no problem getting permission to go out with her friends at night because she can wrap her father around her little finger. (エリザベスの父親は何でも彼女の言いなりなので、夜間に友人と外出する許可をもらうのはたやすい) Knowing their secrets, the spy had several politicians wrapped around his little finger. (そのスパイは政治家たちの秘密を知っていたので、彼らを意のままにあやつった) IV. Jokes a. It was impossible to ignore the couple in the booth next to ours. They were arguing so loudly everyone in the restaurant was staring. She repeatedly accused him of being unfaithful to her. He kept denying it. Finally she gave up, but not without a parting shot: "Now I know your wife must feel." pI bought a liquid-crystal sensor to test my kids' bath temperature. The instructions told me to dip the card in the water. A green glow and the word OK meant the water was just right. And there was a final precaution: "Always check your hand before placing child in the tub." b. My husband agrees I am the better driver, and he good-naturedly tolerates my testing him about it. But this past May, while we were watching the Indy 500 car race, he got even. During the warm-up lap I asked, "Isn't there a woman in this race?" "Yes, Danica Patrick," he said. "Which one is she?" "Third one behind the pace car with her left blinker still on." c. The vacuum cleaner cost more than my husband and I had planned to pay. "Well," the salesman offered, "we can knock down the price with a trade-in. Do you have anything lying around your basement that doesn't work?" "Yeah," I said. "Our son." d. My fashion-conscious mother died at age 85. At the wake, we gathered around the open casket to say goodbye. My 18-year-old daughter put her arm around me, looked in the coffin and quietly said, "I can't believe she's wearing the same thing she wore yesterday." fashion-conscious 流行に敏感な |