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資料No. ： NS070905
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He asked me to check all ＿＿＿＿＿ major hotels while I was there. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) some 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Show me that report when he ＿＿＿＿＿ out of the room. (A) goes (B) will go (C) is gone (D) went 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 These ＿＿＿＿＿ distributed at next week's meeting. (A) were (B) have been (C) will (D) are being 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm sorry we were so late. The train was ＿＿＿＿＿. (A) been delayed (B) delay (C) delayed (D) delaying 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Ever since the accident, all rides at the amusement park have been --- inspected and tested for safety. (A) thoroughgoing (B) thoroughness (C) thoroughly (D) throughout 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In Japan, the --- of meat has increased substantially in recent years, prompting health concerns. (A) convenience (B) convergence (C) conservation (D) consumption 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Mr. Simmons did not receive the --- from the government to read classified documents for his research project. (A) authoritative (B) authorize (C) authorization (D) authoritatively 8. Error Recognition練習問題 If he （A）try （B）his best he should （C）be able to （D）pass. 9. Error Recognition練習問題 （A）Make sure the doors （B）are closed （C）before the vehicle （D）starts to moving. 10. Error Recognition練習問題 It can （A）be inferred from the advertisement that the person （B）hired （C）will help （D）setting up the office. 11. Error Recognition練習問題 Our company practices started (A)with our founder, and (B)have continued (C)through (D)successful generations that have inherited the business. 12. Error Recognition練習問題 (A)From its name, (B)one might guess (C)that our company is named after the president, (D)but instead of, it is named after his child. 13. Error Recognition練習問題 Every (A)alive (B)creature will (C)benefit from our (D)unique product. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Throughout most of human history, fur has been obtained through ----- of wild animals, but today the vast majority of fur comes from ranches and fur farms. (A) to hunt and trap (B) the hunting and trapping (C) the hunted and trapped (D) hunt and trap 2. 空所補充問題 The primary function of a space suit is ----- from the deadly radiation, extreme decompression and temperature extremes of space. (A) the wearer is kept safe (B) keeping the wearer safe (C) to keep the wearer safe (D) keeps the wearer safe 3. 空所補充問題 James K. Polk ----- into office on March 4, 1845 as the 11th American president. (A) was sworn (B) swore (C) sworn (D) had sworn 4. 空所補充問題 Spanish explorers conceived of the construction of a canal linking the Atlantic and Pacific oceans as early as 1502, but ----- was successfully carried out until the Panama Canal was finally opened in 1914. (A) none plan like it (B) no such plan (C) never such a plan (D) nor any plan 5. 空所補充問題 "Wearable" computer equipment will begin to emerge as soon as comfortable, aesthetically pleasing fabrics incorporating insulated, electrically conductive fibers ----- developed. (A) can (B) are to be (C) are being (D) are 6. 正誤問題 (A)Hundreds of plays by Sophocles (B)have been lost, (C)with only short fragments or second-hand references (D)to remain. 7. 正誤問題 George Washington (A)was considered (B)a war hero when (C)was elected (D)America's first president. 8. 正誤問題 Some public policy experts have argued (A)that the system should not let welfare recipients (B)to receive benefits (C)without proving that they are actively seeking out (D)employment. 9. 正誤問題 The philosophical tradition (A)originated by Aristotle (B)has been (C)highly regarded in the world of medieval Islamic (D)thought. 10. 正誤問題 (A)The Galician language is very (B)closely related (C)to (D)that of Portuguese. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He asked me to check all ＿＿＿＿＿ major hotels while I was there. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) some 訳：そこにいる間に，すべての一流ホテルを調べるように彼に頼まれた。 ※正解(C)。で，その名詞の指すものすべてを表します。したがって，正解は （C） です。all は the の前にくるという語順に注意してください。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Show me that report when he ＿＿＿＿＿ out of the room. (A) goes (B) will go (C) is gone (D) went 訳：彼が部屋から出ていったら，そのレポートを見せてよ。 ※正解(A)。彼が「部屋から出ていく」のは未来のことですが，when を使った「時」を表す副詞節の中では，未来のことでも現在形で表します。したがって，正解は （A） になります。I don't know when he will come back.「彼がいつ帰るかわかりません」など，名詞節のときは未来形を使いますから，注意しましょう。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 These ＿＿＿＿＿ distributed at next week's meeting. (A) were (B) have been (C) will (D) are being 訳：これは来週の会議で配布されます。 ※正解(D)。「来週の会議で」という未来の内容を表す副詞句がヒントです。（A） の過去形や （B） の現在完了では不適切です。また，（C） の未来を表す助動詞 will の後には distributed はきません。正解は （D） で，受動態の進行形で未来を表しています。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm sorry we were so late. The train was ＿＿＿＿＿. (A) been delayed (B) delay (C) delayed (D) delaying 訳：遅れてすみません。電車が遅れたんです。 ※正解(C)。delay は「遅らせる」という意味の他動詞です。ここでは the train が主語なので受動態になります。（A） や （B） では直前の be 動詞の was につながりません。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Ever since the accident, all rides at the amusement park have been --- inspected and tested for safety. (A) thoroughgoing (B) thoroughness (C) thoroughly (D) throughout ※品詞問題です。空所に入る語は前後にあるbeenかinspectedのどちらかを修飾すると気付けば、副詞が入ることが分かります。正解は(C)。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In Japan, the --- of meat has increased substantially in recent years, prompting health concerns. (A) convenience (B) convergence (C) conservation (D) consumption ※語彙の問題です。「牛肉の消費量は…」の意味と分かるので、正解は(D)。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Mr. Simmons did not receive the --- from the government to read classified documents for his research project. (A) authoritative (B) authorize (C) authorization (D) authoritatively ※品詞問題です。空所の直前にtheがあり、直後には前置詞があることから、名詞が入ることが分かります。正解は(C)。 8. Error Recognition練習問題 If he （A）try （B）his best he should （C）be able to （D）pass. 訳：彼がベストを尽くせば，試験に合格することができるだろう。 ※正解(A)。主語と動詞の一致は，文法上基礎的な項目であるために，かえって見落としてしまいがちなポイントかもしれません。he tries とならなければならないことにすぐに気がつきましたか？ （D） の pass はこの場合「（試験などに）合格する」という意味の自動詞ですから，目的語をとらなくても間違いではありません。 9. Error Recognition練習問題 （A）Make sure the doors （B）are closed （C）before the vehicle （D）starts to moving. 訳：車を出す前にドアがちゃんと閉まっているか確認してください。 ※正解(D)。（D） の starts to moving が誤りです。start は動名詞と不定詞のいずれも目的語にとる動詞で，starts to move かまたは starts moving になります。どちらをとっても意味の上で違いはありません。目的語に動名詞と不定詞をとる動詞には，ほかに begin や continue などがあります。 10. Error Recognition練習問題 It can （A）be inferred from the advertisement that the person （B）hired （C）will help （D）setting up the office. 訳：雇用される人は事務所の設立を手伝うことになると，広告から推測できる。 ※正解(D)。《解説》Itは形式主語でthat以下を受ける。hiredはthe personを修飾する過去分詞。ポイントはhelpの用法。「〜することを手伝う」はhelp （to） doとなり，helpの後に動名詞はとらない。したがって，Dのsettingは誤りでsetかto setに代える。 《下線部》infer「〜を推測する」，hire「〜を雇う」 11. Error Recognition練習問題 Our company practices started (A)with our founder, and (B)have continued (C)through (D)successful generations that have inherited the business. 訳：私たちの会社の習慣は、創設者に始まり、事業を受け継いだ歴代の世代を通じて続いている。 ※正解(D)。successful generations → successive generations。successfulは「成功した」という意味で、ここでは文意から不自然。successiveは「歴代の；連続する」という意味。succeedには「成功する」という意味と「引き継ぐ」という意味があるが、successiveは後者から派生した語。 12. Error Recognition練習問題 (A)From its name, (B)one might guess (C)that our company is named after the president, (D)but instead of, it is named after his child. 訳：その名前から、人は私たちの会社は社長の名前から付けられていると推測するかもしれないが、彼の子供の名前から取られている。 ※正解(D)。but instead of → but instead。instead ofは「〜の代わりに」という意味で後ろの言葉を否定するときに使うが、ここでは否定しているのは前の語句(named after the president)なので、instead単独で「そうではなくて」という意味の副詞として使われなければならない。 13. Error Recognition練習問題 Every (A)alive (B)creature will (C)benefit from our (D)unique product. 訳：すべての生物は、私たちの独自の製品から利益を得るであろう。 ※正解(A)。alive → living。aliveは叙述用法にのみ使い、限定用法では使えない。同じ意味を表すのに限定用法ではlivingを使う。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Throughout most of human history, fur has been obtained through ----- of wild animals, but today the vast majority of fur comes from ranches and fur farms. (A) to hunt and trap (B) the hunting and trapping (C) the hunted and trapped (D) hunt and trap ※正解(B)。前置詞thoughの後にto hunt ... と不定詞が来るはずがない。through the hunting and trapping ... とすれば「野生動物を狩ったり、捕らえたりすることで」の意味になる。theの後にhuntedとtrappedを続けては、意味が成り立たない。 hunt and trapを名詞と考えても、of以下から限定されているのでその前に冠詞のtheが必要である。しかし、この場合には、名詞ではなく、the hunting and trappingと動名詞を使う。 2. 空所補充問題 The primary function of a space suit is ----- from the deadly radiation, extreme decompression and temperature extremes of space. (A) the wearer is kept safe (B) keeping the wearer safe (C) to keep the wearer safe (D) keeps the wearer safe ※正解(C)。空所の前にisがあるので、正解はkeeping ... かto keep ... のどちらかである。このような場合には、動名詞ではなく、to不定詞を用いる。正解はto keep the wearer safeである。 3. 空所補充問題 James K. Polk ----- into office on March 4, 1845 as the 11th American president. (A) was sworn (B) swore (C) sworn (D) had sworn ※正解(A)。swearの用法を知らなければ答えは分からない。be sworn into ... で「宣誓をして……に就任する」の意味になる。 4. 空所補充問題 Spanish explorers conceived of the construction of a canal linking the Atlantic and Pacific oceans as early as 1502, but ----- was successfully carried out until the Panama Canal was finally opened in 1914. (A) none plan like it (B) no such plan (C) never such a plan (D) nor any plan ※正解(B)。文意からして空所には「そのような計画は……ない」の意味になるはずである。この意味を表すのはno such planである。 5. 空所補充問題 "Wearable" computer equipment will begin to emerge as soon as comfortable, aesthetically pleasing fabrics incorporating insulated, electrically conductive fibers ----- developed. (A) can (B) are to be (C) are being (D) are ※正解(D)。as soon asの後は、主語+( )+developedの形になっている。このことから空所に受け身のbeが入ることが分かるだろう。これで「……が開発されたらすぐに」の意味になる。 6. 正誤問題 (A)Hundreds of plays by Sophocles (B)have been lost, (C)with only short fragments or second-hand references (D)to remain. ※正解(D)。to remain → remaining。hundreds of ... 「多くの（何百もの）……」と完了形have been ... の用法に問題はない。前置詞withは状況を表している。to remainはremaining「残った」としなければいけない。 7. 正誤問題 George Washington (A)was considered (B)a war hero when (C)was elected (D)America's first president. ※正解(C)。was → he was。すぐにwhenの後のwasがおかしいことに気づいたのではないか。このままではwhen以下の文に主語がないことになる。heを補わなければ文が成立しない。 8. 正誤問題 Some public policy experts have argued (A)that the system should not let welfare recipients (B)to receive benefits (C)without proving that they are actively seeking out (D)employment. ※正解(B)。to receive → receive。接続詞thatに問題はない。letがあるので、to receiveは原形のreceiveになる。without proving that ... で「……を証明せずに」の意味になる。employment「職」に冠詞は必要ない。 9. 正誤問題 The philosophical tradition (A)originated by Aristotle (B)has been (C)highly regarded in the world of medieval Islamic (D)thought. ※正解(B)。has been → was。originated byの前にはthat wasが略されている。過去の話をしているのでhas beenはwasにしなければならない。highly「大いに」はregardedにかかる副詞。thoughtは「思想」の意。 10. 正誤問題 (A)The Galician language is very (B)closely related (C)to (D)that of Portuguese. ※正解(D)。that of Portuguese → Portuguese。冠詞theに問題はない。be very closely related to ... で「.……ととても密接に関係している」の意味になる。どう見てもthat of Portugueseのthat ofは必要ない。 II.時事英文 活を入れる Shake it up. (その8：全8回シリーズ) Is relearning how to type worth the trouble? As my fingers will move less overall, even when using Japanese, typing should become less stressful on my wrists. And when my body acclimates, I should also be a much faster typist. But if nothing else, Dvorak has allowed me to part company with a routine that has been with me for decades. For that, I feel energized already. worth the trouble 苦労に値する overall 全体に acclimates 順応する if nothing else 少なくとも part company with 〜 〜と縁を切る routine 決まりごと energized 活性化された III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆A leopard can't change it's spots ◆ In the same way a leopard can't change its appearance, people can't change their personalities. They can't change how they are. The expression comes from a line from the Bible: "Can the Ethiopian change his skin or the leopard his spots?" III -c. 英語の新語 ◆Chav◆ Chav is a negative term that is quite commonly used in Britain at the moment. It refers to a young person, usually from a poor background. A chav is uneducated, has bad taste, and, for some reason, likes designer brands. Chavs often wear Burberry caps, designer T-shirts, white sneakers, and a lot of flashy jewelry. Female chavs usually wear very short skirts and stilettos. III-d. 英語のフレーズ ◆ Don't cry because it's over, smile because it happened.◆ （終わってしまったと言って嘆くのではなく、それを経験できたことを喜ぼう） III-e. 今週のイディオム hit bottom どん底を経験する (be in a very bad situation that could not be any worse) 海の奥底に落ちていくように、人が不幸や不運の「どん底に落ちる」という意味で使われるイディオム。hitのほかtouchを使うこともできます。 When I heard my son failed in the entrance exam, I really felt I had hit bottom. (息子が入試に落ちたことを聞いて、本当にがっくりきてしまった) Sam touched bottom last year when he lost his job and began to drink heavily. (サムは去年失業して最悪の状態になり、深酒をするようになった) I don't think we've hit bottom yet, so there's still hope. (我々はどん底には至っていないから、まだ望みはあるよ) IV. Jokes a. The civil trial dragged on and on, and everyone in the courtroom, including my former boss, the judge, found themselves waging a losing battle against boredom. The first one to fall asleep was the bailiff. After his snoring began to interrupt testimony, one of the lawyers addressed the bench. "Um, Your Honor," he asked, !should I wake him up?" "Leave him alone," answered the judge. "He's the only one in the courtroom enjoying himself." civil trial 民事裁判 dragged on ダラダラ長引く boredom 退屈 bailiff 廷吏 b. Whenever I travel, I make a list and meticulously check off each item as I pack. Before my last trip, though, I was so frantic that I lost the piece of paper. As soon as I got to my hotel, I opened my suitcase only to find it had been searched by airport security. How could I tell? On top of my neatly refolded clothes was my list. Next to each item someone had made a crisp check mark. At the bottom was this note: "You forgot the toothpaste." c. Maths was never my niece's strongest subject. After Stephanie's first year of university, she took a summer course to make up some credits. I ran into her one afternoon as the season was winding down. "How did summer school go?" I asked. Stephanie rolled her eyes. "It was so-o-o hard. Class was every morning between 9 and 12. Those were the longest four hours of my life. |