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資料No. ： NS070516
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 ＿＿＿＿＿ you have made the copies, please take them down to accounting. (A) While (B) After (C) During (D) Before 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In this ＿＿＿＿＿ case, the difficulty seems to lie with the shippers. (A) exactly (B) probably (C) also (D) particular 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 ＿＿＿＿＿ you been able to install the software yet? (A) Had (B) Will (C) Were (D) Have 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 As you ＿＿＿＿＿ imagine, we are very worried about the delay. (A) can (B) will (C) perhaps (D) ever 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The general manager commented that the office --- nice. (A) becomes (B) looks (C) resembles (D) suits 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 They --- the client for services rendered. (A) priced (B) cost (C) spent (D) charged 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We sometimes --- the CEO on his cellphone. (A) say (B) tall (C) speak (D) call 8. Error Recognition練習問題Error Recognition練習問題 Steve （A）just loves （B）riding （C）on his （D）brand new car. 9. Error Recognition練習問題 Two dogs and a cat （A）is too many animals （B）for such a （C）small （D）house. 10. Error Recognition練習問題 I don't understand （A）why （B）didn't he call for help （C）instead of trying to get back （D）on his own. 11. Error Recognition練習問題 This is (A)the best sales record (B)when (C)we have had (D)in thirty years. 12. Error Recognition練習問題 Kyoto, (A)where is (B)the former capital of Japan, (C)is where the seminar (D)will be held. 13. Error Recognition練習問題 Since our (A)usual boardroom is being (B)used now, we will (C)have to have the meeting in the small room (D)which they store the files. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The oldest trophy in international sports is known as the America's Cup, which is ----- the name of the world's most prestigious sailboat competition. (A) also (B) too (C) addition (D) combining 2. 空所補充問題 The desperate effort to design and build aircraft of ----- kinds during World War II led to a number of advances in aviation technology. (A) their (B) each (C) any (D) all 3. 空所補充問題 ----- led by a more experienced commander, it very well may have succeeded in its mission of conquering England. (A) Had the second Spanish Armada been (B) The second Spanish Armada it had been (C) The second Spanish Armada had been (D) Had were the second Spanish Armada 4. 空所補充問題 Sir Henry Raeburn, who lived from 1756 to 1823, was recognized ----- his lifetime as the leading Scottish portrait artist. (A) during (B) while (C) through (D) when 5. 空所補充問題 Ruthenium is a rare element used mainly in jewelry in alloys with platinum and other relatively soft metals ----- of its silver-white appearance and hardness. (A) due to (B) because (C) therefore (D) since 6. 正誤問題 The archerfish is capable (A)of "hunting" by shooting droplets of water from (B)their mouth (C)with speed and accuracy, striking and toppling insect prey from as far (D)away as three feet. 7. 正誤問題 (A)Comparing with other bats, the (B)approximately 30 species known as big brown bats are (C)relatively slow, heavy fliers and are often (D)found in buildings and hollow trees. 8. 正誤問題 Natural caves are (A)thinking to (B)have provided the shelter (C)that helped many small groups of Neanderthals (D)in what is now central Europe to survive. 9. 正誤問題 Magicians specialize in (A)sleight of hand, the performance of tricks (B)designed to make (C)impossible seem (D)possible. 10. 正誤問題 The anthrax vaccine is generally (A)regarded by the medical community as safe (B)despite of (C)lingering rumor that it (D)has harmful side effects. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 ＿＿＿＿＿ you have made the copies, please take them down to accounting. (A) While (B) After (C) During (D) Before 訳：コピーを取り終わったら、会計に持っていってください。 ※正解(B)。While や During は「…の間」の意味ですから、意味上不適切です。After か Before かの選択では、時間の前後関係を考えてみれば、難しい問題ではないはずです。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In this ＿＿＿＿＿ case, the difficulty seems to lie with the shippers. (A) exactly (B) probably (C) also (D) particular 訳：この特殊なケースでは、問題は輸出者側にあるように思えます。 ※正解(D)。lie with ... は「…に在る」。意味の上よりも、むしろ文法的に考えたほうが分かり易いでしょう。case という名詞を修飾するのは形容詞でなければなりません。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 ＿＿＿＿＿ you been able to install the software yet? (A) Had (B) Will (C) Were (D) Have 訳：もうソフトウェアのインストールは済みましたか。 ※正解(D)。software と install はすでに日本語と考えてもいいでしょう。yet があるところからも、この文の時制は明らかと言えるでしょう。Will であれば、be 動詞は原形 be でなければなりません。Were では be 動詞が二つになってしまいます。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 As you ＿＿＿＿＿ imagine, we are very worried about the delay. (A) can (B) will (C) perhaps (D) ever 訳：お察しいただけるように、当方では遅れを大変に心配しています。 ※正解(A)。文法的に助動詞が入ることは間違いなさそうです。ただし文法的に何が可能かを考える前に、As ..., の部分を見たことがあるか聞いたことがあることが重要です。多くの例文に接していれば必ずと言っていいほど出てくるはずの表現のひとつです。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The general manager commented that the office --- nice. (A) becomes (B) looks (C) resembles (D) suits 訳：部長は事務所が素敵だと言った。 ※正解(B)。niceという形容詞を従えることができるのは不完全自動詞。それに合うのは(A)のbecomesと(B)のlooksだが、becomeでは意味を成さない。look niceで「素敵に見える」という意味。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 They --- the client for services rendered. (A) priced (B) cost (C) spent (D) charged 訳：彼らは顧客に提供したサービスに対する請求をした。 ※正解(D)。(A)のpriceは「〜に価格をつける」、(B)のcostは「〜を必要とする」、(C)のspendは「〜を費やす」という意味で、いずれもthe clientを目的語にする動詞としては不適切。charge A for Bで「AにBの分の請求をする」という意味。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We sometimes --- the CEO on his cellphone. (A) say (B) tall (C) speak (D) call 訳：私たちはときどき最高経営責任者の携帯電話に電話する。 ※正解(D)。the CEOは人で、(A)のsayと(C)のspeakは人を目的語に取ることができない。後ろにon his cellphoneとあるので、「電話をかける」という意味のcallが正解となる。 8. Error Recognition練習問題Error Recognition練習問題 Steve （A）just loves （B）riding （C）on his （D）brand new car. 訳：スティーブは彼の新車に乗るのが大好きです。 ※正解(C)。ride だけで「乗る」の意味になる。ride on は「…の上にまたがる」意味。Cの on は削除するのが適当。 9. Error Recognition練習問題 Two dogs and a cat （A）is too many animals （B）for such a （C）small （D）house. 訳：2 匹の犬と 1 匹の猫はこんな小さな家には多すぎます。 ※正解(A)。主語は A and B のパターン。「2 匹の犬と 1 匹の猫」が主語なので、is ではなく are。 10. Error Recognition練習問題 I don't understand （A）why （B）didn't he call for help （C）instead of trying to get back （D）on his own. 訳：彼が自分でやり返すのではなしに、なんで助けを求めなかったのかが分かりません。 ※正解(B)。理由が分からなかったのですから、why は当然用いなければなりません。ただしこの why は名詞節を作る接続詞、後ろは疑問文の形であってはいけません。didn't he ではなく he didn't が正しい語順です。「…する代わりに」の instead of ...、「自分自身で」の on his own は共に正しい用法です。 11. Error Recognition練習問題 This is (A)the best sales record (B)when (C)we have had (D)in thirty years. 訳：これは30年間で最高の売り上げ記録だ。 ※正解(B)。when → that。the best sales recordと関係詞節の関係を考えると、先行詞のthe best sales recordはwe have hadの目的語となっているから、関係副詞のwhenは不適。関係代名詞でなくてはならない。先行詞が「もの」で最上級で修飾されている場合はwhichよりもthatが好まれる。 12. Error Recognition練習問題 Kyoto, (A)where is (B)the former capital of Japan, (C)is where the seminar (D)will be held. 訳：京都は日本の前の首都であり、セミナーが行われる予定の場所である。 ※正解(A)。where → which。(A)のwhereは関係詞の非制限用法として使われていて、それ自体は適切なのだが、その直後にisとあるので、ここはそのbe動詞の主語に当たる関係代名詞がくるはず。したがって、whichでなくてはならない。 13. Error Recognition練習問題 Since our (A)usual boardroom is being (B)used now, we will (C)have to have the meeting in the small room (D)which they store the files. 訳：私たちの通常の会議室は今使用中なので、私たちはファイルを保管してある小さな部屋で会議をしなければならないだろう。 ※正解(D)。which → in which [where]。関係代名詞whichの節を見ると、主語も目的語も揃っている。the small roomと関係詞節の関係を考えるとthey store the files in it (the small room)となってinが必要だから、関係詞はin whichあるいは場所を表す関係副詞whereでなければならない。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The oldest trophy in international sports is known as the America's Cup, which is ----- the name of the world's most prestigious sailboat competition. (A) also (B) too (C) addition (D) combining ※正解(A)。難しく考えることはない。is also the name of... で「……の名前でもある」の意味になる。prestigious「高名な」。 2. 空所補充問題 The desperate effort to design and build aircraft of ----- kinds during World War II led to a number of advances in aviation technology. (A) their (B) each (C) any (D) all ※正解(D)。theirとeachが使えないのはすぐに分かる。all kindsで「あらゆる種類の」という意味になる。 3. 空所補充問題 ----- led by a more experienced commander, it very well may have succeeded in its mission of conquering England. (A) Had the second Spanish Armada been (B) The second Spanish Armada it had been (C) The second Spanish Armada had been (D) Had were the second Spanish Armada ※正解(A)。仮定法過去完了の文である。Hadが文頭に倒置されたHad the second Spanish Armada beenはIf the second Spanish Armada had beenと同じ意味を表す。 4. 空所補充問題 Sir Henry Raeburn, who lived from 1756 to 1823, was recognized ----- his lifetime as the leading Scottish portrait artist. (A) during (B) while (C) through (D) when ※正解(A)。空所の後にhis lifetimeと名詞句が来ているので、whileとwhenは不可。duringを空所に入れるとduring his lifetimeで「生きている間」の意味になる。 5. 空所補充問題 Ruthenium is a rare element used mainly in jewelry in alloys with platinum and other relatively soft metals ----- of its silver-white appearance and hardness. (A) due to (B) because (C) therefore (D) since ※正解(B)。空所の後にある前置詞ofがヒントになる。because of... で「……のために、……のゆえに」の意。ruthenium「ルテニウム」。 6. 正誤問題 The archerfish is capable (A)of "hunting" by shooting droplets of water from (B)their mouth (C)with speed and accuracy, striking and toppling insect prey from as far (D)away as three feet. ※正解(B)。their → its。be capable of... ingで「……することが可能である」の意。theirはThe archerfish「テッポウウオ」に呼応させてitsにしなくてはいけない。前置詞withとawayの用法に問題はない。 7. 正誤問題 (A)Comparing with other bats, the (B)approximately 30 species known as big brown bats are (C)relatively slow, heavy fliers and are often (D)found in buildings and hollow trees. ※正解(A)。Comparing → Compared。Compared with... で「……と比べると」の意味になる。副詞approximately、relatively、過去分詞foundに誤りはない。 8. 正誤問題 Natural caves are (A)thinking to (B)have provided the shelter (C)that helped many small groups of Neanderthals (D)in what is now central Europe to survive. ※正解(A)。thinking → thought。Natural caves「自然にできた洞窟」がthinkするはずがない。thinkingはthoughtにしなければ意味が通らない。 9. 正誤問題 Magicians specialize in (A)sleight of hand, the performance of tricks (B)designed to make (C)impossible seem (D)possible. ※正解(C)。impossible → the impossible。sleigh of hand「手先の早業、手品」。designed toの前にはthat/which areが略されている。make the impossible seem possibleで「不可能な事を可能に見せる」の意味になる。 10. 正誤問題 The anthrax vaccine is generally (A)regarded by the medical community as safe (B)despite of (C)lingering rumor that it (D)has harmful side effects. ※正解(B)。despite of → despite。うっかり見逃してしまいそうな間違いである。前置詞despite「……にもかかわらず」には前置詞ofは必要ない。 II.時事英文 「明白な」地球温暖化、人的要因が大 (その８：全８回シリーズ) The report lays out four different scenarios of global warming, depending on how humanity responds. All predict a continued rise in temperatures and sea levels for the next century. Temperatures will rise between 1.8 and 6.4 degrees Celsius depending on the scenario. Sea levels will go up 18 to 55 centimeters. "It is very likely that hot extremes, heat waves and heavy precipitation events will continue to become more frequent," said the report. "If you are a South Asian child born in 2007 you may well in your lifetime be facing inundation of your lands and being turned into an environment refugee," Steiner said. 訳：報告書は人類の対応の仕方によって異なる地球温暖化の4つのシナリオを描いている。すべてのシナリオが今後1世紀、気温と海面上昇が続くと予測している。シナリオによって気温上昇を摂氏1.8度から6.4度の間としている。海面上昇は18〜55センチになる。さらに報告書は「極端な気温上昇、熱波、さらに豪雨現象の頻度がますます高まる可能性が高い」と予測している。「あなたが南アジアで2007年に生まれたとすると、生涯の間にあなたの土地が浸水を受け、あなたが環境難民になる確立は高いでしょう」とスタイナー氏は言う。 III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆The course of true love never did run smooth◆ This proverb comes from William's Shakespeare's "Midsummer Night's Dream." It means that when two people fall in love, it will never go smoothly. There will always be problems. III -c. 英語の新語 ◆What's-his-face/what's-her-face◆ When you don't remember the name of some, you can refer to them as what's-his-face or what's-her-face. For example, "I met what's-his-face yesterday." III-d. 英語のフレーズ ◆Success doesn't come to you, you have to go to it.◆ （成功はやって来ない。自分から向かっていかなければならない） III-e. 今週のイディオム crocodile tears そら涙、見せかけの悲しみ (sympathy or sadness that is not sincere) 文字通りには「ワニの涙」で、ワニは獲物をおびき寄せるために悲しい声を出したという伝説から生まれた慣用表現。また、獲物を食べながら泣くと信じられていたという説もあります。 When her mean boss retired, Karen shed crocodile tears in front of her coworkers. (意地悪な上司が退職したとき、カレンは同僚の前でそら涙を流して見せた) They are only crying crocodile tears at the president's funeral because nobody liked him. (社長に好意を持っている者はいなかったので、彼らは社長の葬儀でそら涙を流しているだけだった) IV. Jokes a. It was a full auditorium. Halfway through the well-known author's talk, she began to feel sick. In a calm voice, she announced that she had left a few pages of her speech offstage, in her bag. She walked off solely and, as soon as she was out of sight, ran to the bathroom and threw up noisily. She had been doing this for about a minute when someone came into the bathroom to tell her that the lapel mike was still on. auditorium 観客席 throw up 吐く、嘔吐する lapel mike ラペルマイク、襟やネクタイなどにつける小型マイク b. During one of my readings, I got an audience of precisely one. "I'm so glad you came along," I told the amiable man, after chatting for 20 minutes. "Think how terrible it would have been if there'd been nobody." "Actually," he admitted, "I'm the person who was supposed to introduce you." audience 聴衆 amiable 愛想の良い、好意的な、親しみやすい c. My parents had one of those old-time rotary telephones. This drove my brother crazy. Once, he misdialed a long-distance number and had to do it all over again. "Mum," he asked in frustration, "why don't you replace this thing with a touch-tone phone?" "If we did," my mother said, "your father would never get any exercise." d. Both my son and daughter-in-law are full-time university students, and they don't have time or money for anything other than school. I was with them in church when the minister gave a sermon on marriage. "The three most common problems that can lead to divorce," he warned, "involve money, children and sex." At that my son whispered to his wife, "Then we should be OK. We don't have any of those." minister 牧師 sermon （教会での）説教 e. Paul, my former boss, has a lot of kids - nine to be exact. Flying to a business meeting, he was chatting with his seatmate about family and was surprised to hear the man say, "I wish I had nine kids." "You don't really know what you're wishing for," Paul cautioned. "Yes, I do," came the reply. "I have thirteen." |