資料No. : NS070502
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We suggest that you get in touch _____ our Dallas office on that. (A) to (B) by (C) with (D) for 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We are writing to _____ that the renewal date has been extended. (A) have reminded you (B) remind to you (C) remind you (D) reminding you 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Behind the current economic strength _____ the concern over exchange rates. (A) will lurk (B) lurking (C) has lurked (D) lurks 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We should try very _____ to improve our relationship with our customers. (A) hardly (B) probably (C) hard (D) possible 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The unexpected protest raised by local citizens ----- the progress of the development. 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We'll inform you of your ticket information as soon as we ----- from the airline. (A) hear (B) heard (C) will hear (D) having heard 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The device failed not because of faulty wiring, but because ----- happened to the main component. 8. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I expected the baby (A)will cry, but (B)she slept quietly (C)through the (D)whole night. 9. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Of (A)all the people I've met on this trip, (B)nothing has been (C)as helpful as you (D)have been. 10. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I realized (A)most my money (B)had been spent, and the trip wasn't (C)even half (D)over. 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Comparing with similar brands, (B)our product is (C)far (D)more economical. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)The strategy, (B)when viewing by the manager, (C)is sure to have (D)great potential. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 If you can (A)talk over your idea with (B)whomever is in (C)charge of mergers and acquisitions, (D)you may have a chance. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Dorothea Lange was one of several photographers ----- most important work depicted the despair experienced by the poor during the Great Depression. (A) who (B) whose (C) whom (D) heir 2. 空所補充問題 The Whigs were political parties in England, Scotland and America named ----- the "whiggamores," a Scotch word once used to describe opponents of King Charles I of England. (A) after (B) on (C) to (D) with 3. 空所補充問題 Unlike the simple bellows, the dual-action bellows enables the operator ----- a continuous stream of gas or liquid from the device. (A) emit (B) emitted (C) emitting (D) to emit 4. 空所補充問題 The fuel in the core of a nuclear reactor produces heat that converts water to steam, which, -----, is used to drive electrical generators. (A) as turned (B) turning (C) it turns (D) in turn 5. 空所補充問題 Although mercury is still used in some glass thermometers, it has ----- been replaced by equally reliable non-toxic materials. (A) large (B) largely (C) larger (D) largest 6. 正誤問題 Poison oak, poison ivy, and poison sumac, are three (A)related bushes and vines (B)that they contain sap capable (C)of causing severe irritation (D)to the skin. 7. 正誤問題 (A)Conflict between speakers of the Dutch and French languages (B)have played (C)an important role in the history of (D)the Netherlands. 8. 正誤問題 The need (A)to identify men of diverse ranks and specialties (B)amid the confusion of the battlefield has led to the development of (C)elaborately, ostentatious and decorative (D)regalia. 9. 正誤問題 Magnetic compasses have a (A)built-in error resulting from the fact (B)that the (C)earth's geographical poles are not the same as (D)their magnetic poles. 10. 正誤問題 (A)Whereas each zebra has (B)its own unique pattern of stripes, (C)some experts believe that the (D)animals use the patterns to identify each other. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We suggest that you get in touch _____ our Dallas office on that. (A) to (B) by (C) with (D) for 訳:その件については、当社のダラス支店に連絡を取られることをお勧めします。 ※正解(C)。「…と連絡をとる」(= contact)の意味になる熟語を考えます。in touch の部分が「連絡を取り合って」の意味を作っています。他に keep in touch with ...「…と連絡を続ける」等も知っておくとよいでしょう。 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We are writing to _____ that the renewal date has been extended. (A) have reminded you (B) remind to you (C) remind you (D) reminding you 訳:更新時期が延長されたことの確認のためのお手紙を差し上げています。 ※正解(C)。have reminded you は時制が不自然。"to" の後ろはこの文では原形でなければならず、reminding you は不可。remind「思い出させる」の語法が問題。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Behind the current economic strength _____ the concern over exchange rates. (A) will lurk (B) lurking (C) has lurked (D) lurks 訳:現在の経済の強さの裏には為替レートに関する不安が潜んでいる。 ※正解(D)。"The concern over exchange rates ( ) behind the current economic strength."の倒置と考えればよい。 ( ) の中には動詞が入ることが容易に分かるはず。will lurk は時制が問題。has lurked も意味上不自然。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We should try very _____ to improve our relationship with our customers. (A) hardly (B) probably (C) hard (D) possible 訳:私たちは顧客との関係を向上させるために一所懸命に努めねばなりません。 ※正解(C)。probably「おそらく」は意味上、possible「可能な」は意味と構文上不可。hardly は否定の副詞で、「まず…ではない」の意味。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The unexpected protest raised by local citizens ----- the progress of the development. (A) caught (B) halted (C) interfered (D) hesitated 訳:地元住民から持ち上がった予期しない抗議のせいで、開発は中止になった。 ※正解(B)。目的語 the progress of the development (開発の進展)があるので、空所には他動詞が入る。 (C) の interfere 、 (D) の hesitate は自動詞なので不可。文意より、 (B) の halt (〜をやめさせる)が適切。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We'll inform you of your ticket information as soon as we ----- from the airline. (A) hear (B) heard (C) will hear (D) having heard 訳:航空会社から連絡があったらすぐに、あなたにチケットの情報をお知らせします。 ※正解(A)。as soon as 〜(〜するとすぐに)のように条件や時を表す副詞節では、原則として未来のことも現在形で表す。よって (A) が正しい。 hear from 〜は「〜から連絡をもらう」という意味。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The device failed not because of faulty wiring, but because ----- happened to the main component. (A) trouble (B) problems (C) defect (D) something 訳:配線の欠陥のせいではなく、何かが主要な部品に起こったせいで、機器は故障した。 ※正解(D)。not 〜 but ... (〜ではなく……)という構造になっている。 because of で始まる〜の部分には名詞句、接続詞 because で始まる ... の部分には「文」が入ることに注意。 happened という動詞があるので、空所には主語が入る。正解は (D) 。 7. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I expected the baby (A)will cry, but (B)she slept quietly (C)through the (D)whole night. 訳:赤ん坊が泣くと思っていましたが、彼女は一晩中静かに寝ていました。 ※正解(A)。expect の用法が不適切。expect ... to 〜 となるべきです。expected と過去形なのに、would ではなく、will となっているのも誤り。through は「…を通して」、whole は「…中」の意味です。 8. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Of (A)all the people I've met on this trip, (B)nothing has been (C)as helpful as you (D)have been. 訳:今回の旅行で出会ったすべての人のうちで、あなたほど力になってくれた人はいません。 ※正解(B)。「すべての…のうちで」の意味の Of all ... は覚えておきましょう。as ... as の構文にも問題は見られません。この二つ目の as は接続詞で、後ろは as you have been helpful の意味で、helpful が省略されています。人を表すのに nothing では不都合。no one または、nobody となるべきです。 10. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I realized (A)most my money (B)had been spent, and the trip wasn't (C)even half (D)over. 訳:自分のお金をほとんど使ってしまっていたことに気づきましたが、旅行はまだ半分も終わっていませんでした。 ※正解(A)。形容詞 most は「たいてい」の意味で、やや意味が不自然です。most of my money が正しい表現です。「気づいた」時にはお金は使われてしまっていたのですから、had been という過去完了形は正解です。「終わる」の意味の over にも慣れましょう。 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Comparing with similar brands, (B)our product is (C)far (D)more economical. 訳:同類の銘柄のものと比べると、私たちの製品ははるかに経済的である。 ※正解(A)。Comparing with→Compared with。この文の主語はour productであり、compareは「〜を比べる」という他動詞だから、このままではproductがcompareすることになり意味が通じない。「同類の銘柄と比べられると」という受け身の形にする。 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)The strategy, (B)when viewing by the manager, (C)is sure to have (D)great potential. 訳:課長の観点からすると、その戦略は彼の目にはきっと大きな可能性を持っている。 ※正解(B)。when viewing → when (it is) viewed。viewは「〜を眺める」という動詞。文の主語がstrategyなので、現在分詞の能動の意味では文意がおかしくなる。viewedと過去分詞にすると、受け身の意味になって文意が通じる。 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 If you can (A)talk over your idea with (B)whomever is in (C)charge of mergers and acquisitions, (D)you may have a chance. 訳:企業合併と買収を担当する人ならだれにでも、あなたの提案について相談できれば、あなたはチャンスを得るかもしれない。 ※正解(B)。whomever → whoever。関係詞の格は、関係詞節でどのような役割を果たしているかで決まる。この文では関係詞はis in charge of …の主語になっているので、主格の関係代名詞を使わなければならない。withはtalk with …とつながっているので、関係詞の節とは関係がない。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Dorothea Lange was one of several photographers ----- most important work depicted the despair experienced by the poor during the Great Depression. (A) who (B) whose (C) whom (D) heir ※正解(B)。空所以下のの文は「主語+動詞+目的語」が揃っているので、who、whom、theirは使えない。正解は所有格whoseである。depict「描く」。 2. 空所補充問題 The Whigs were political parties in England, Scotland and America named ----- the "whiggamores," a Scotch word once used to describe opponents of King Charles I of England. (A) after (B) on (C) to (D) with ※正解(A)。 「……の名を取って〜と名付けた」という意味を表すにはnamedの後にどのような前置詞を使えばいいか。正解は(A) afterである。 3. 空所補充問題 Unlike the simple bellows, the dual-action bellows enables the operator ----- a continuous stream of gas or liquid from the device. (A) emit (B) emitted (C) emitting (D) to emit ※正解(D)。enable+名詞の後に動詞を続ける場合には、to不定詞を用いる。bellows「ふいご」。 4. 空所補充問題 The fuel in the core of a nuclear reactor produces heat that converts water to steam, which, -----, is used to drive electrical generators. (A) as turned (B) turning (C) it turns (D) in turn ※正解(D)。as turnedでは意味が通らない。空所の後にis usedがあるので、turning、it turnsが使えないのは明か。正解は(D) in turn。 5. 空所補充問題 Although mercury is still used in some glass thermometers, it has ----- been replaced by equally reliable non-toxic materials. (A) large (B) largely (C) larger (D) largest ※正解(B)。hasとbeenの間に形容詞が入るはずがない。正解は副詞largely「大部分は」である。 6. 正誤問題 Poison oak, poison ivy, and poison sumac, are three (A)related bushes and vines (B)that they contain sap capable (C)of causing severe irritation (D)to the skin. ※正解(B)。that they → that。relatedは「同族の、関連のある」という意味の形容詞。関係代名詞thatの後にtheyを続けては前後の文が繋がらない。このtheyは不要である。前置詞of、toの用法に問題はない。 7. 正誤問題 (A)Conflict between speakers of the Dutch and French languages (B)have played (C)an important role in the history of (D)the Netherlands. ※正解(B)。have → has。この場合のconflict「戦い、争い」は不可算名詞。haveはconflictに呼応してhasにしなくてはいけない。冠詞an、theに問題はない。 8. 正誤問題 The need (A)to identify men of diverse ranks and specialties (B)amid the confusion of the battlefield has led to the development of (C)elaborately, ostentatious and decorative (D)regalia. ※正解(C)。elaborately → elaborate。The needの後のto不定詞、前置詞amid「……の真っ最中に」の用法に問題はない。elaboratelyの後には形容詞ostentatious「人目を引く」、decorative「装飾の」が並んでいるので、それに合わせて副詞elaboratelyは形容詞elaborate「手の込んだ、精巧な」にする。regaliaは「記章、勲章」のこと。 9. 正誤問題 Magnetic compasses have a (A)built-in error resulting from the fact (B)that the (C)earth's geographical poles are not the same as (D)their magnetic poles. ※正解(D)。their → its。built-in「(本来)備わった」、接続詞that、所有格earth'sに誤りは見あたらない。theirはearthのことを指すので、この場合はitsを用いる。 10. 正誤問題 (A)Whereas each zebra has (B)its own unique pattern of stripes, (C)some experts believe that the (D)animals use the patterns to identify each other. ※正解(A)。Whereas → Since。Whereas「……に反して」では、some experts以下の文と意味的に繋がらない。Whereasの代わりにSince、あるいは、Becauseを使えばいい。 II.時事英文 「明白な」地球温暖化、人的要因が大 (その6:全8回シリーズ) Climate change will cause far-flung ramifications for humans and nature, according to the 21-page summary of the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Even Solomon, known as a staid and conservative scientist, chose to highlight dramatic examples. If greenhouse gases, which trap heat, cause temperatures to rise 1.9 to 4.6 degrees Celsius as the report predicts it might, that could lead to a sea level rise of seven meters if the temperature rise were sustained over thousands of years, she said. 訳:この21ページからなるIPCC第4次評価報告の要約は、気候変動が人類と自然に広範囲に渡る様々な影響を及ぼすことを指摘している。落ち着いた控え目な科学者として知られるソロモン氏でさえ進んで劇的な例証を強調した。同氏によれば、熱を閉じ込める温室効果ガスが報告書の予測通り、気温摂氏1.9度から4.6度の上昇をもたらすとすると、気温上昇が数百年間継続した場合、海面が7メートル上昇する可能性があるという。 III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆Charity begins at home◆ According to this proverb, a good man should consider his family and his close friends (i.e. home) as the most important thing in his life. A good man would focus on being kind and generous to them, before he starts talking about being kind and generous to other people. This proverb is often used for people who focus so much on being good to other people that they neglect their own family. III -c. 英語の新語 ◆Dining al desko◆ "Dining al fresco" means to eat a meal outside, in the open air. "Al fresco" is Italian for outside. "Dining al desko", however, means to eat a meal sitting at your desk at work. This is becoming a common sight these days when the pressures of time and work do not let people eat away from their desk. Al desko is not Italian. III-d. 英語のフレーズ ◆ Never confuse motion with action.◆ ( 動いているからといって、行動していると思ってはいけない) III-e. 今週のイディオム not know enough to come in out of the rain ひどくばかである、まったく常識に欠ける (stupid; not have common sense) 雨が降っても雨宿りしないような常識のない人や、一目瞭然のこともわからないほど分別がない人にたとえた口語表現。not have enough sense (imagination, intelligence) to come in from (out of) the rainという形でも使われます。 Sheila may have graduated college, but often she acts like she doesn't know enough to come in out of the rain. (シーラは大学を出ているかもしれないが、ときどきまるっきり分別のない行動をとる) Don 't ask him to do it by himself. He doesn't know enough to come in out the rain. (それを彼ひとりでやらせてはだめだ。彼はまったくの無能なんだから) IV. Jokes a. Engineering classes at the university where I work are tough, and struggling students sometimes go to extremes in order to pass. Marking exams one semester, I got to this question; "What is the relationship between kinetic and potential energy?" One student, obviously stumped, decided to get clever and wrote, "As far as I know, they're just friends, but there could be something else going on there." 注:kinetic 運動の、動的な potential 可能性がある、起こり得る、潜在的な stump 困らせる、困惑させる b. After spending a wonderful week together, my fiance dropped me off at the airport and returned to his military base. I didn't realize how much I'd miss him until I reached the plane and burst into tears. "What's the matter?" asked the unlucky woman seated next to me. Between sobs I told her the story of my long-distance relationship. "If you truly love him, it will work," she said. "I know. My ex-husband was in the army." 注:burst into tears ワッと泣きだす ex-husband 前夫 c. It was his first year of religious studies, and already my six-year-old son was debating the teacher. When told, "God made everything," Michael quickly stood up. "God does not make everything," he insisted. "Most things are made in China." |