資料No. ： NS140903

資料No. ： NS140903

I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC
'1. Bonnie was tall with dark curly hair, ------- her younger sister was a short blond-headed child.
(A) instead　 (B) rather　 (C) therefore　 (D) whereas

'2. After trying on more than a dozen dresses, Jessica finally decided on one that was ------- for the awards ceremony.
(A) suit　 (B) suitability　 (C) suitable　 (D) suitably

'3. Though it had been ten years since her move, Karen ------- felt nostalgic when she drove by her former house.
(A) even　 (B) rather　 (C) still　 (D) yet

(2) TOEFL
'1. Most professional sports have venues, such as the Baseball Hall of Fame, designed specifically to honor -----.
(A) an outstanding players　(B) its outstanding players　(C) their outstanding players　(D) its outstanding player

'2. The evolutionary changes by which snakes have evolved from crawling reptiles include not just the loss of the limbs, but also ----- of one lung and the elongation of many organs.
(A) the reduction or loss　(B) reducing or losing　(C) to reduce or lose　(D) reduced or lost

'3. Initially a Roman Soldier, Spartacus deserted, was captured and sold as a gladiator slave, escaped, and went on ----- several successful battles against Roman forces from 72-71 B.C.
(A) leading　(B) led　(C) lead　(D) to lead

'4. An international treaty signed in 1959 dedicated Antarctic exploration and development exclusively to -----.
(A) the peaceful purposes　(B) their peaceful purpose　(C) peaceful purpose　(D) peaceful purposes

'5. The importance of the works of Rodin to 20th century sculpture ----- overstated.
(A) could hardly　(B) is hard to　(C) can hardly be　(D) is hard to be

'6. Rag paper (A)made from textile fibers provided (B)the least expensive, (C)more convenient writing surface than the specially prepared leather known (D)as parchment.

'7. (A)Although we often associate gardening with (B)a appreciation of the natural environment, this hobby is a (C)larger source of pesticide pollution than the factories (D)that produce the chemicals.

'8. There (A)are several occasions (B)on which (C)the Magna Carta was revised and reissued (D)between 1215 and 1217.

'9. (A)Game theory is the mathematical study of strategic (B)phenomena and their influence (C)on the probability of achieving a favorable outcome in games (D)for example poker or chess.

'10. (A)Merchants and political refugees (B)from India began (C)arrive in Indonesia (D)more than 2000 years ago.

I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答
(1) TOEIC
'1. Bonnie was tall with dark curly hair, ------- her younger sister was a short blond-headed child.
(A) instead　 (B) rather　 (C) therefore　 (D) whereas
訳ボニーは背が高く髪が黒くカールしていたが、妹は背が低い金髪の子供だった。
※正解(D)。解説コンマの前後は身長や髪に関して対照的な描写をしている節なので、対比を表す接続詞のwhereasが正答になります。insteadは「代わりに；それどころか」の意味を表す副詞で、節をつなぐことはできません。

'2. After trying on more than a dozen dresses, Jessica finally decided on one that was ------- for the awards ceremony.
(A) suit　 (B) suitability　 (C) suitable　 (D) suitably
訳十数着ものドレスを試着してから、ジェシカがようやく選んだのは授賞式にふさわしいものだった。
※正解(C)。解説品詞の問題。oneを修飾するthat節で動詞wasに続くのは形容詞だと推測されます。be suitable for ...（…にふさわしい）のかたちを成立させるsuitableを当てはめるのが適切です。suitは「スーツ；訴訟」の意味の名詞、または「合う」の意味の動詞、suitabilityは「適していること」の意味の名詞、suitablyは「似合って；適当に」の意味の副詞です。

'3. Though it had been ten years since her move, Karen ------- felt nostalgic when she drove by her former house.
(A) even　 (B) rather　 (C) still　 (D) yet
訳引っ越してから10年が経っていたにもかかわらず、カレンがいまだに懐かしく思ったのは、かつて住んでいた家のそばを車で通ったときだった。
※正解(C)。
解説空所にはfeltという動詞を修飾できる副詞が必要です。選択肢は副詞としても使えるものばかりですが、「10年経ったにもかかわらず」で始まっている問題文の内容にふさわしいのは、still（依然として）です。

(2) TOEFL
'1. Most professional sports have venues, such as the Baseball Hall of Fame, designed specifically to honor -----.
(A) an outstanding players　(B) its outstanding players　(C) their outstanding players　(D) its outstanding player
※正解(C)。【解説】　anと複数形の組み合わせはあり得ないので(A)は除外できる。問題はitsとtheirが何を指しているかである。Most professional sportsにおけるoutstanding playersのことを言っているので、正解はtheirを使っている(C)になる。

'2. The evolutionary changes by which snakes have evolved from crawling reptiles include not just the loss of the limbs, but also ----- of one lung and the elongation of many organs.
(A) the reduction or loss　(B) reducing or losing　(C) to reduce or lose　(D) reduced or lost
※正解(A)。【解説】　not just ... but alsoの構文である。not justの後にはthe lossと名詞形が使われているので、それに合わせてbut alsoの後にも名詞形the reduction or lossを使うことになる。

'3. Initially a Roman Soldier, Spartacus deserted, was captured and sold as a gladiator slave, escaped, and went on ----- several successful battles against Roman forces from 72-71 B.C.
(A) leading　(B) led　(C) lead　(D) to lead
※正解(D)。【解説】　went on leadingでもよさそうだが、それでは「 ……し続けた」の意味になる。ここはwent on to ... で「... するようになった」を使わなくては意味が通らない。

'4. An international treaty signed in 1959 dedicated Antarctic exploration and development exclusively to -----.
(A) the peaceful purposes　(B) their peaceful purpose　(C) peaceful purpose　(D) peaceful purposes
※正解(D)。【解説】　(B)はtheirが何を指すのかが分からない。purpose「目的」は可算名詞である。したがった、(C) peaceful purposeは冠詞を付けるか、複数形にしなければならない。theの有無で悩むところだが、具体的な目的について述べているわけではないので、(D) peaceful purposesが正解となる。

'5. The importance of the works of Rodin to 20th century sculpture ----- overstated.
(A) could hardly　(B) is hard to　(C) can hardly be　(D) is hard to be
※正解(C)。【解説】　could hardlyとis hard toの後にoverstatedを続けることはできないのは明らかである。正解は(C)か(D)のどちらかである。can hardly be overstatedで「……を誇張し過ぎることはない」の意味になる。

'6. Rag paper (A)made from textile fibers provided (B)the least expensive, (C)more convenient writing surface than the specially prepared leather known (D)as parchment.
※正解(B)。【解説】　the least → a less。thanが使われていることに注目する。したがって、moreに問題はない。the leastは最上級なので、ここはa lessと比較級にしなければ後に来るthanと対応しなくなる。madeの前にはthat isを補って考える。known as ... 「……として知られている」。

'7. (A)Although we often associate gardening with (B)a appreciation of the natural environment, this hobby is a (C)larger source of pesticide pollution than the factories (D)that produce the chemicals.
※正解(B)。【解説】　簡単過ぎて見逃してしまいそうな誤りである。appreciationの前の冠詞はaではなくanである。

'8. There (A)are several occasions (B)on which (C)the Magna Carta was revised and reissued (D)between 1215 and 1217.
※正解(A)。【解説】　are → were。過去に起きたことについて述べているので、areはwereにしなければならない。

'9. (A)Game theory is the mathematical study of strategic (B)phenomena and their influence (C)on the probability of achieving a favorable outcome in games (D)for example poker or chess.
※正解(D)。【解説】　for example → such as。Game theory「ゲーム理論」に冠詞は必要ない。phenomenaはphenomenon「現象」の複数形である。influence「影響」の後に来る前置詞onに問題はない。この文脈ではfor exampleではなくsuch asを使わなくてはいけない。for exampleを用いる場合には、例えば、次のように言う。... in games such as poker or chess, for example / ... in games, for example, poker or chess

'10. (A)Merchants and political refugees (B)from India began (C)arrive in Indonesia (D)more than 2000 years ago.
※正解(C)。【解説】　arrive → to arrive / arriving。複数形Merchantsと前置詞fromに問題はない。beganの後のarriveはto arrive、あるいは、arrivingにしなければならない。more than ... 「……以上」。

II. 時事英文
Thursday, August 28, 2014
RIKEN unable to verify STAP cells
RIKEN has been unable to verify the so-called stimulus-triggered acquisition of pluripotency (STAP) cell phenomenon, the government-affiliated research institute said in interim report on Wednesday.

Saturday, August 30, 2014
Ishiba willing to join Cabinet if asked
Liberal Democratic Party Secretary General Shigeru Ishiba expressed his willingness Friday to join the Cabinet of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe if he is invited to do so, sources said.

Ukraine accuses Russia of sending tanks, 1,000 troops
NOVOAZOVSK, Ukraine(AP) - Ukraine accused Russia on Thursday of entering its territory with tanks, artillery and troops, and Western powers said Moscow had "outright lied" about its role and dangerously escalated the conflict.

Friday, August 29, 2014
22 attempts, no sign of STAP cells
With RIKEN failing to confirm even initial even initial signs indicating the existence of stimulus-triggered acquisition of pluripotency (STAP) cells, an increasing number of scientists now believe it is highly unlikely that STAP cells really exist.

III - a. Vocabulary
「原発政策」関連
Means must be worked out to revive nuclear power generation
「重要電源」支える工夫が要る
国民生活の安定 stability in the people's lives
再生可能エネルギー renewable (energy) source
実現可能な目標 realistic target
～のメドが立たない no prospect of ...
遅滞なく進める proceed ... without delay
廃炉にする decommission
厳格に適用する apply strictly
収入を保証する gurantee revenue
使用済み核燃料 spent nuclear fuel
債務 debt

「道徳の教科化」関連
New subject of moral training should nurture children's thoughtfulness
思いやりの心を培う授業に
(～を)軽視する pay little heed to …
思いやりの心 a sense of thoughtfulness
価値観 values
的外れ pointless
深刻さを増す become even worse
徹底的に to the fullest
～に自信を持てない remain unsure about …
独り善がり complacent
創意工夫 originality and ingenuity
文章で in writing

III -b. ABCニュースから
Keyword 解説
ABCニュースは、1人の女性が始めた子供服作りが失業に苦しむ町を救う企業に育ったと伝えています。
It was that aha moment of almost hitting the jackpot.
「これは大当たりになる。ひらめいた瞬間でした」。
キーワードは、aha moment「ひらめいた瞬間」。
ahaは「ああそうか」という感嘆詞。
「"ああそうか"と気づいた瞬間」。

ABCニュースは、この女性の子供服作りはhit the jackpot「大当たり」して、今では町の人を数多く雇用していると伝えています。
今回のキーワードは、aha moment「ひらめいた瞬間」です。

[例文]
For stay-at-home mom Brandi Temple, it was this Mother's Day gift from her husband that changed everything.
母の日の贈り物が専業主婦のテンプルさんの生活を変えた
First, making dresses for her daughters. Then the great recession hit, her husband's work dries up.
最初は娘の服を作っていたがやがて不況で夫の仕事が激減
But Brandi has an idea: why not sell those little creations on Facebook?
そこで彼女はFacebookで手作りの服を売ることに
It was that aha moment of almost hitting the jackpot.
大当たりになるとひらめいた瞬間でした
In 30 seconds, they are completely sold out. Lolly Wolly Doodle is born.
彼女の服はわずか30秒で完売事業誕生の瞬間だ
In 18 months, moving from Brandi's garage to this. Her employees, her neighbors in Lexington, North Carolina, a textile town ravaged by unemployment hitting 14% during the recession. Lolly Wolly Doodle tonight one of the biggest employers in town.
18か月で事業はここまで拡大した従業員はこの町に住む隣人たちだ一時は不況で失業率が14％まで上昇したこの町で-彼女は最大の雇用を生み出している

IV. Jokes
'1. Back in Time
For her 40th birthday, my wife said, "I'd love to be ten again." So that Saturday, we had a heaping stack of chocolate-chip pancakes, her favorite childhood breakfast. Then we hit the playground and a merry-go-round. We finished the day with a banana split.
"So how did you enjoy being a kid for a day?" I asked.
"Great," she said. "But when I said I wanted to be ten again, I meant my dress size."

'2. Contact Info
I was feeling pretty creaky after hearing the TV reporter say, "To contact me, go to my Facebook page, follow me on Twitter, or try me the old-fashioned way-e-mail."

'3. Time Issue
My grandfather was sipping a beer when he confessed to me he'd drunk more than usual the day before. "What's more than usual?" I asked.
"A case."
"You can drink a case in a day?!"
"Well," he grumbled defensively, "it doesn't take all day."

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