資料No. : NS131030 

I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC
1. Part V ; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
A legal document arrived ------- several confusing messages and a copy of a photo attached.
(A) with (B) by (C) into (D) on 

2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Monthly sales figures have remained unchanged ------- the year so far, and we expect no major changes in the next six months.
(A) within (B) by (C) between (D) throughout 

3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
We reserve the right to raise the prices on all of our products ------- the cost of raw materials goes up.
(A) as if (B) even though (C) however (D) whenever

4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
The contest sponsored by the regional government is open to ------- living in the tri-county area.
(A) anyone (B) someone (C) themselves (D) whoever

5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Mary was praised by the president for her ------- solution to the problem.
(A) invent (B) inventing (C) invention (D) inventive

(2) TOEFL
1. 空所補充問題
Kenneth Starr was an American lawyer ----- rose to prominence during his investigation of then President Bill Clinton in the late 1990s.
(A) he (B) who (C) they (D) it

2. 空所補充問題
In grammatical terms, a transitive verb ----- the passive or active voice.
(A) may be used in either (B) to be used in either may (C) used in either may be to (D) to either may be used in

3. 空所補充問題
The population of London ----- 1 million for the first time in 1811.
(A) got (B) arrived (C) achieved (D) reached

4. 空所補充問題
The work of major Victorian poet Gerard Manley Hopkins ----- until 1918.
(A) virtually unknown was (B) unknown was virtually (C) was virtually unknown (D) unknown virtually was

5. 空所補充問題
Archaeologists ----- for the intact skeletons of extinct wooly mammoths buried under frozen tundra often use hair driers to thaw the surrounding ground.
(A) search (B) searching (C) they search (D) to be searched

6. 正誤問題
The first nonstop (A)round-the-world flight (B)relied on in-flight (C)refueling and (D)takes 94 hours, 1 minute.

7. 正誤問題
In 1937, broadcasters (A)honored Guglielmo Marconi, (B)inventor of the radio, (C)let the airwaves (D)fall silent for two minutes.

8. 正誤問題
The long dispute (A)between the Northern and Southern United States (B)over whether slavery should continue (C)came to (D)head after the Mexican War ended in 1848.

9. 正誤問題
In 1966, Poland celebrated (A)the 1,000th anniversary of (B)its (C)found and conversion (D)to Christianity.

10. 正誤問題
(A)After more calories (B)than necessary are ingested, the body stores the energy in fat cells, (C)that can be metabolized (D)when needed.

I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答
(1) TOEIC
1. Part V ; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
A legal document arrived ------- several confusing messages and a copy of a photo attached.
(A) with (B) by (C) into (D) on 
訳;いくつかのややこしいメッセージと1枚の写真とともに、法的書類が届いた。
※正解(A)。解説 A legal documentとmessages、a copy of a photoとの関係を考えると、メッセージは「書類に添付されていた」となる(A)withが正解。with 〜 attached(〜が添付されて)という状態を説明している。

2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Monthly sales figures have remained unchanged ------- the year so far, and we expect no major changes in the next six months.
(A) within (B) by (C) between (D) throughout 
訳;月間売上高は、今のところ1年を通じて変化がなく、次の6カ月も大きな変化は見込まれていない。
※正解(D)。解説 remain unchanged(変わらない状態が続いた)の意味から、「期間」を表す前置詞(D)throughoutを選ぶ。(C)betweenも期間を表せるが、始点と終点が必要。

3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
We reserve the right to raise the prices on all of our products ------- the cost of raw materials goes up.
(A) as if (B) even though (C) however (D) whenever
訳;当社は、原料費が上昇したときはいつでも自社の全商品の価格を引き上げる権利を留保している。
※正解(D)。解説 空所を挟む2つの節を結び付けるのにふさわしい接続詞もしくは接続詞句を選ぶ問題です。「原料費が上がる」「商品価格を引き上げる権利がある」という2つの意味上の関係を考えると、whenever(…するときはいつでも;いつであれ…のときは)を選ぶのが妥当です。as ifは「あたかも…かのように」、even thoughは「…にもかかわらず」の意味です。

4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
The contest sponsored by the regional government is open to ------- living in the tri-county area.
(A) anyone (B) someone (C) themselves (D) whoever
訳;地方自治体の後援によるコンテストには、3つの郡から成る地域に住んでいる人ならだれでも自由に参加できる。
※正解(A)。解説 適切な代名詞を選ぶ問題です。open to ...(…が自由に参加できる)に続くことができ、living in the tri-county areaに修飾されて意味を成すのは、選択肢の中ではanyone(だれでも)だけです。someone(だれか)を当てはめると、不特定多数の中からだれかひとりのみを選ぶことになってしまうので不適切です。また、whoever(…するのはだれでも)に動名詞が続くことはありません。

5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Mary was praised by the president for her ------- solution to the problem.
(A) invent (B) inventing (C) invention (D) inventive
訳;メアリーが社長に褒められたのは、その問題に対する独創的な解決策を打ち出したからだった。
※正解(D)。解説 代名詞herと名詞solution(解決策)に挟まれているので、空所には形容詞が入ります。(D)のinventive(独創的な;考案の才のある)が正答です。inventは「…を発明する」の意味の動詞、inventingは動詞inventの動名詞または現在分詞、inventionは「発明」の意味の名詞です。

(2) TOEFL
1. 空所補充問題
Kenneth Starr was an American lawyer ----- rose to prominence during his investigation of then President Bill Clinton in the late 1990s.
(A) he (B) who (C) they (D) it
※正解(B)。【解説】 he、they、itでは前後の文が繋がらない。関係代名詞whoを使えばいい。rise to prominence「有名になる」。

2. 空所補充問題
In grammatical terms, a transitive verb ----- the passive or active voice.
(A) may be used in either (B) to be used in either may (C) used in either may be to (D) to either may be used in
※正解(A)。【解説】 空所にはこの文の動詞が入る。したがって、to不定詞の(B)と(D)は不可。(C)の語順は明らかにおかしい。正解は(A)である。transitive verb「他動詞」。

3. 空所補充問題
The population of London ----- 1 million for the first time in 1811.
(A) got (B) arrived (C) achieved (D) reached
※正解(D)。【解説】 「……に達した」という意味にするにはreachを使う。get、arriveともに前置詞が必要である。achieveは「達成する、成し遂げる」という意味。

4. 空所補充問題
The work of major Victorian poet Gerard Manley Hopkins ----- until 1918.
(A) virtually unknown was (B) unknown was virtually (C) was virtually unknown (D) unknown virtually was
※正解(C)。【解説】 was knownの語順にすることはすぐに分かるだろう。副詞virtually「ほとんど」の位置は? 過去分詞knownの前である。

5. 空所補充問題
Archaeologists ----- for the intact skeletons of extinct wooly mammoths buried under frozen tundra often use hair driers to thaw the surrounding ground.
(A) search (B) searching (C) they search (D) to be searched
※正解(B)。【解説】 この文の動詞はuseである。したがって、searchは使えない。they searchを使うと主語がダブってしまう。to be searched forでは意味が通らない。正解は、分詞searchingである。archaeologist「考古学者」、intact「損なわれていない」、tundra「ツンドラ」。

6. 正誤問題
The first nonstop (A)round-the-world flight (B)relied on in-flight (C)refueling and (D)takes 94 hours, 1 minute.
※正解(D)。【解説】 takes → took。reliedからも分かるようにこれは過去形の文である。takesをtookにしなければいけない。round-the-world「世界一周の」、in-flight refueling「空中給油」。

7. 正誤問題
In 1937, broadcasters (A)honored Guglielmo Marconi, (B)inventor of the radio, (C)let the airwaves (D)fall silent for two minutes.
※正解(C)。【解説】 let → letting。honoredはこの文の主語である。この場合inventorの前の冠詞は必要ない。letのままでは動詞が2つあることになる。ここはlettingと分詞構文にする。let... fallになっているので、fallは原形のままでいい。

8. 正誤問題
The long dispute (A)between the Northern and Southern United States (B)over whether slavery should continue (C)came to (D)head after the Mexican War ended in 1848.
※正解(D)。【解説】 head → a head。前置詞betweenとoverの用法に問題はない。come to a headで「山場を迎える」の意味になる。headの前のaが落ちていたのである。dispute「議論、論争」。

9. 正誤問題
In 1966, Poland celebrated (A)the 1,000th anniversary of (B)its (C)found and conversion (D)to Christianity.
※正解(C)。【解説】 found → founding。【解説】冠詞theに問題はない。itsはPolandを受けている。foundはここではfoundingにしなければ「建国、創建」の意味にはならない。conversion to... 「……への改宗、転換」。

10. 正誤問題
(A)After more calories (B)than necessary are ingested, the body stores the energy in fat cells, (C)that can be metabolized (D)when needed.
※正解(C)。【解説】 that → which。難しい構文だが、関係代名詞のthatに注目。その前にカンマがあるので、thatではなくwhichを用いる。ingest「摂取する」、metabolize「新陳代謝させる」。

II. 時事英文
Kerry At ASEAN Ministerial Meeting (その4:全4回シリーズ)
As an example of increased ties amongst ASEAN and U.S. citizens, this year, the first scholars in the new Fulbright U.S. - ASEAN Initiative began their exchange studies.
"The United States and ASEAN . . . together recognize the unlimited potential for cooperation in the region," said Secretary Kerry. "Our partnership can play a central role in promoting peace and prosperity in the 21st century."

III - a. 雑知識
01, " cornerstone / 不可欠なもの、基軸 "
"Our alliance with Japan remains the cornerstone of American engagement with the region." は、米国務省で1月18日に開かれた日米外相会談でクリントン国務長官が述べた言葉。AP 通信の記事から。

02. the ranks / (組織やグループの)メンバー "
Official ceremonies were held to welcome 20-year-olds into the ranks of Japan's adult society. は、成人式について伝えた The Asahi Shimbun AJW の記事から。

03. " turn the screws on / 〜に圧力をかける "
Abe to turn the screws on N. Korea over abductions は、安倍政権が、北朝鮮への独自制裁を強化する検討に入ったことを伝えた The Asahi Shimbun AJW の記事の見出し。

04. " dethrone /(高い地位から)追い払う "
de- は「分離、除去」を表す接頭辞。Toyota has once again dethroned General Motors as the world's top-selling automaker. は、トヨタ自動車が2012年の世界販売台数で2年ぶりに世界一の座に返り咲いたことを伝えた AP 通信の記事から。

95. " brave / 〜に立ち向かう "
South Koreans wrapped in mufflers and parkas braved frigid weather to vote in a presidential election. は、零下の寒さの中で行われた韓国大統領選に関する AP 通信の記事から。

III -b. 英語でどう言う?
「制服を着用する仕事」に関連した表現
問題 1 ガードマン
その億万長者は、自分が暮らす大邸宅の玄関に警備員を配置している。
The billionaire emp;oys ( ) guards at the entrance of his mansion.
a. protection b. insurance c. security d. defense

問題 2 消防士
多くの消防士が集合住宅で起きた火事を消し止めた。
Dozens of fire( ) brought a fire under control inside the multi-family apasrtment building.
a. clashers b. strugglers c. wrestlers d. fighters

問題 3 自動車学校の教官
タケダさんは大変厳しい教官で、生徒のどんな小さなミスも怒鳴りつける。
Mr. Takeda is a very strict driving ( ) who shouts at students for every tiny mistake they make.
a. instructor b. commander c. manipulator d. charter

問題 4 駅員
熱海に行くにはどの列車に乗ればよいかを駅員に尋ねた。
I asked a station ( ) about which train I should take to go to Atami.
a. consultant b. attendant c. adviser d. anchor

問題 5 航空整備士
僕は飛行機の整備や修理に興味があるので、将来は航空整備士になりたい。
Because I'm interested in the maintenance and repair of airplanes, I would like to bacome a flight b( ) in the future.
a. navigator b. fixer c. machanic d. marshal

問題 6 裁判長
裁判長は被告人に懲役10年の刑を言い渡す判決文を読み上げた。
The ( ) judge read out a decision in which he sentenced the accused to serve 10 years in prison.
a. presenting b. preceding c. presiding d. preserving

回答 1-c 2-d 3-a 4-b 5-c 6-c

III -c. Elementary Question
Question:
We often see electric vehicles around. In fact, electric vehicles were also used at one point in the past. What were they used mainly as?
Answer: Taxis
More than 1,000 electric vehicles, called Tama, were manufactured and used for a time after 1947. The Tama had a top speed of 35.2 kph. After the war gasoline was scarce.

IV. Jokes
a. An Indian man goes into a night market food stall in Singapore and orders three rice dinners. He eats all three meals by himself. "Are you hungry?" asks the stall owner.
"I am one of three brothers," the diner replies. "One brother has a curry house in Delhi and the other brother has one in Beijing. So we pledged to always eat like this, so we can remember each other mealtimes."
Every day the diner comes to the food stall. And every day he eats three rice dinners. After a year of this, he comes into the restaurant looking very sad. Weeping, he orders only two rice dinners. The food stall boss approaches with his head bowed. "I would like to offer my condolences on the sad passing of your brother," he says. The diner sobs: "Oh, neither of my brothers is dead. I am on a no-carbs diet."

b. A spell in hospital
As my brother and a nurse filled out paperwork following the birth of his daughter, he was asked for her name.
"Kelsey Noelle," he answered.
The nurse was confused. "How do you spell Kelsey with no L?"

c. Exit strategy
Driving with my mother can be an interesting experience. Recently, I was with her as she tried to find the way out of a new multistory car park.
"Ah!" she cried with delight as she turned the car towards a ramp, "No entry. That must be the exit!"



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