資料No. : NS130703 

I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC
1. Part V ; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
He _______ the boxing match, but I don't know because I wasn't there.
(A) may well win (B) may not have win (C) may well have won (D) may not well have won
訳; たぶん彼はボクシングの試合に勝ったと思うのですが、私は試合を見に行っていないのでわかりません。

2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
We _______ afford to take our eyes off the road for an instant while driving at more than 100 miles per hour.
(A) can't  (B) needn't  (C) mustn't  (D) shouldn't

3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
I suspect he has intentionally included figures that _______ in the expense budget.
(A) have not should be  (B) should have not been  (C) should not have been  (D) ought to not have been

4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Once the train _______ the city, we won't be able to use the telephone.
(A) will leave  (B) leaves from  (C) leaves  (D) left from

5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Man has been striving to improve rice _______ over 7,000 years, ever since rice cultivation was initiated in Asia.
(A) more than  (B) from  (C) since  (D) for

6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
The officer _______ his men to fight well in the coming battle.
(A) hoped  (B) expected  (C) aimed  (D) demanded

7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Please _______ him that he is required to get a temporary badge from a receptionist.
(A) relate  (B) repeat  (C) remind  (D) recollect

(2) TOEFL
1. 空所補充問題
Much of the ice or liquid water released from a storm cloud evaporates before ----- the ground.
(A) reaches (B) reaching (C) to reach (D) reach

2. 空所補充問題
Biologists still do not know how spiders ----- produce silk that is so strong and flexible.
(A) be able to (B) able to (C) to be able to (D) are able to

3. 空所補充問題
The streets of the ancient city of Alexandria were laid out ----- to take advantage of the cool Mediterranean breezes.
(A) such as (B) so as (C) inasmuch as (D) as

4. 空所補充問題
Every member of the committee ----- the chairman was in favor of installing parking meters in the campus parking lot.
(A) without (B) that (C) not (D) but

5. 空所補充問題
Ball bearings are crucial to the functioning of many of the mechanical devices we rely ----- every day.
(A) for (B) of (C) on (D) to

6. 正誤問題
Useful machines (A)enough small to be injected (B)into the bloodstream will (C)be available in (D)the near future.

7. 正誤問題
Energy (A)that cannot be destroyed, but (B)can be changed into a different form (C)or transferred (D)to a different location.

8. 正誤問題
The second-coldest liquid on (A)earth is liquid hydrogen, (B)which can be (C)stable contained at -253 (D)degrees Centigrade.

9. 正誤問題
The core of the sun, (A)where nuclear reactions take place (B)under intense pressure, is (C)very hotter than (D)its surface.

10. 正誤問題
Prince Edward Island, (A)it is located in (B)the gulf of the St. Lawrence River, (C)is (D)Canada's smallest province.

I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答
(1) TOEIC
1. Part V ; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
He _______ the boxing match, but I don't know because I wasn't there.
(A) may well win (B) may not have win (C) may well have won (D) may not well have won
訳; たぶん彼はボクシングの試合に勝ったと思うのですが、私は試合を見に行っていないのでわかりません。
※正解(C)。 【着眼点】can [could] やmay [might] の直後に置かれた副詞のwellは本動詞よりも法助動詞と強く結びつき、法助動詞の意味を強める働きをする( → 例えばmay well 〜(たぶん〜だろう)はmay単独よりも確信度が高くなる)。
【選択肢】終了した試合の結果を推測する文脈なので (A) は不自然。(B) は ... have winという形を見ただけで候補外。(D) のようにmay well 〜を否定文で用いるのも通例不可。
【注意】may well 〜には他に「〜するのももっともだ」の意もある。また控え目な言い方ではmayがmightとなる。慣用句ではこの他にmay [might] (just) as well 〜(=(是非というわけではないが)〜してもよい)に注意。

2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
We _______ afford to take our eyes off the road for an instant while driving at more than 100 miles per hour.
(A) can't  (B) needn't  (C) mustn't  (D) shouldn't
訳; 時速100マイルを超すスピ−ドで車を走らせているときには一瞬たりともよそ見などできない [よそ見などしたら大変だ] 。
※正解(A)。 【文構造】while driving ...はwhile we are driving ...の意。
【着眼点】afford to 〜は「〜しても大丈夫である」の意だが、この用法のaffordと結びつくのはcan, could, be able toなどである。したがって正解は (A)。can't afford to 〜は「〜する余裕などない [〜したら大変なことになる] 」の意。

3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
I suspect he has intentionally included figures that _______ in the expense budget.
(A) have not should be  (B) should have not been  (C) should not have been  (D) ought to not have been
訳; 経費予算に含めるべきではない数字が入っているのは彼の意図的なしわざではないかと思う。
※正解(C)。 【選択肢】法助動詞 (should) は第1助動詞 (have) に先行し、その逆は成立しないので (A) は不可。否定文ではnotは法助動詞の後に配置されるので (B) は不可。ought toを否定文で用いる場合notはtoの前にくるので (D) は不可。したがって残る (C) が正解となる。figures that should not have been in 〜は「〜にあるべきではなかった(のに実際は入っていた)数字」を指す。

4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Once the train _______ the city, we won't be able to use the telephone.
(A) will leave  (B) leaves from  (C) leaves  (D) left from
訳; 電車が市外に出てしまうと、その時点で電話は使えなくなるだろう。
※正解(C)。 【着眼点】接続詞用法のonceは「いったん [一度] …すると」「…するやいなや」の意で、if, when, after, as soon asなどと同様条件や時の副詞節を導く。したがって主節が未来時制(won't be)でも選ぶのはleaves(現在時制)。
【選択肢】leaveは「(今いる所を)発って〜へ向かう」の意でleave for 〜(〜=目的地)の形をとることはあるが、leave from 〜(〜=離れる場所)は不可。

5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Man has been striving to improve rice _______ over 7,000 years, ever since rice cultivation was initiated in Asia.
(A) more than  (B) from  (C) since  (D) for
訳; アジアで稲作が始まって以来、7000年以上にわたって人類は米の改良を目指して努力を重ねてきた。
※正解(D)。 【着眼点】has been strivingは過去のある時点から現在まで「努力する (strive) 」という行為が反復継続していることを表す現在完了進行形。ever sinceのsince はその努力が始まった時点がいつかを示す時の副詞節を導く接続詞(everは「( ...して以来)ずっと」)。そしてover 7,000 yearsは努力の継続期間であり、「期間」を導入するにはforを用いる。
【選択肢】more thanはoverと意味が重なる。

6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
The officer _______ his men to fight well in the coming battle.
(A) hoped  (B) expected  (C) aimed  (D) demanded
訳; 将校は来たるべき戦闘で兵士が立派に戦ってくれるものと期待した。
※正解(B)。 【着眼点】「O (his men) +to不定詞 (to fight) 」を従えられるのはexpectのみ。
【選択肢】hope, aim(目指す [努力する] ), demand(要求する)は「hope/aim /demand+to不定詞」の形はある(I demand to know the truth.=ぜひ真実を知りたい)。

7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Please _______ him that he is required to get a temporary badge from a receptionist.
(A) relate  (B) repeat  (C) remind  (D) recollect
訳; 受付で臨時のバッジを交付してもらう必要がある旨を彼に念を押しておいてください。
※正解(C)。【文構造】「____ (V) +him (IO) +that節 (DO) 」の第4文型。
【着眼点】「人+that節」の形を従えられるのはremind(思い起こさせる、念を押す)だけである。
【選択肢】relate(=(順序立てて)話す)は「relate(to+人)+that節」の形はとるが第4文型は不可。repeat(=繰り返して言う)も同様。recollectは「〜を思い出す」の意でOにthat節をとる形(第3文型)は可能だが「人に物事を思い出させる」の意はない。

(2) TOEFL
1. 空所補充問題
Much of the ice or liquid water released from a storm cloud evaporates before ----- the ground.
(A) reaches (B) reaching (C) to reach (D) reach
※正解(B)。【解説】 前置詞の後に動詞を続けることはできないので、ここはreaching(動名詞)にする。evaporate「蒸発する」。

2. 空所補充問題
Biologists still do not know how spiders ----- produce silk that is so strong and flexible.
(A) be able to (B) able to (C) to be able to (D) are able to
※正解(D)。【解説】 あまり難しく考えることはない。how文の主語spidersの後にare able toを使えば、動詞produceと繋がるようになる。

3. 空所補充問題
The streets of the ancient city of Alexandria were laid out ----- to take advantage of the cool Mediterranean breezes.
(A) such as (B) so as (C) inasmuch as (D) as
※正解(B)。【解説】 前後の流れから判断してto以下は目的を表すはずである。so as to... にすれば「……するために」という意味になる。

4. 空所補充問題
Every member of the committee ----- the chairman was in favor of installing parking meters in the campus parking lot.
(A) without (B) that (C) not (D) but
※正解(D)。【解説】 前置詞butには「……を除いて」の意味がある。これを空所に入れれば意味が通るようになる。

5. 空所補充問題
Ball bearings are crucial to the functioning of many of the mechanical devices we rely ----- every day.
(A) for (B) of (C) on (D) to
※正解(C)。【解説】 基本的な問題である。「……に頼る」の意味を表すには動詞relyの後に前置詞onを付ければいい。

6. 正誤問題
Useful machines (A)enough small to be injected (B)into the bloodstream will (C)be available in (D)the near future.
※正解(A)。【解説】 enough small → small enough。enough smallの語順がおかしい。small enough to... で「……するのに十分小さい」の意味になる。

7. 正誤問題
Energy (A)that cannot be destroyed, but (B)can be changed into a different form (C)or transferred (D)to a different location.
※正解(A)。【解説】 that cannot → cannot。that cannotの接続詞のthatはどう見ても余分である。can be、or、toの用法に問題はない。

8. 正誤問題
The second-coldest liquid on (A)earth is liquid hydrogen, (B)which can be (C)stable contained at -253 (D)degrees Centigrade.
※正解(C)。【解説】 stable → stably。on earth、関係代名詞whichに誤りはない。stableは過去分詞containedにかかっているので、stablyと副詞形にしなければならない。複数形degreesに問題はない。

9. 正誤問題
The core of the sun, (A)where nuclear reactions take place (B)under intense pressure, is (C)very hotter than (D)its surface.
※正解(C)。【解説】 very hotter → much hotter。比較級hotterを強調するには、veryではなくmuchを用いなくてはならない。

10. 正誤問題
Prince Edward Island, (A)it is located in (B)the gulf of the St. Lawrence River, (C)is (D)Canada's smallest province.
※正解(A)。【解説】 it is located → located / which is located。it is locatedのままではこの文に2つ主語があることになる。it is locatedをlocated、あるいは、which is locatedにすれば問題が解決する。

II. 時事英文
Aiding Refugees (その1:全7回シリーズ)
One of the most difficult decisions any human being can make is to flee from home, saving one's life but having to abandon, family and friends (or community), possessions, and too often his identity and validation as a productive member of society.

III - a. 雑知識
01. " hit the dirt / 土がつく "
大相撲夏場所・千秋楽で、1差で追う稀勢の里が琴奨菊に敗れて白鵬の25度目の優勝が決まった。Ozeki challenger Kisenosato hit the dirt for the second time, making Hakuho's final win anticlimactic. は、AJW の記事から。

02. " nowhere to be found / どこにも見つからない "
韓国の朴槿恵(パク・クネ)大統領が6月末にも中国を初訪問する方向。関係が冷え込む日本への訪問は具体化していない。A visit to Japan is nowhere to be found on South Korean President Park Geun-hye's calendar or in her upcoming plans. は、The Asahi Shimbun AJW の記事から。

03. " under the guise of / 〜と偽って、〜と称して "
North Korea has tested long-range ballistic missiles under the guise of putting a satellite in space. は、「人工衛星打ち上げ」と称して、長距離弾道ミサイル発射実験を続けてきた北朝鮮に関する The Asahi Shimbun AJW の記事から。

04. give a boost to / 〜に弾みをつける、〜を後押しする "
The Japanese yen weakened against other major currencies, giving a boost to Japanese export manufacturers. は、円安が輸出企業の収益を好転させたことを伝えた AP 通信の記事から。

05. " write off / (借金などを)帳消しにする "
安倍晋三首相はミャンマーのテインセイン大統領と会談し、対日債務約2千億円の返済免除や、政府の途上国援助を表明した。Prime Minister Shinzo Abe endorsed Myanmar's reform program by writing off nearly $2 billion in debt and extending new aid. は、Reuters 通信の記事から。

III -b. 英語でどう言う?
問題1
お化け屋敷
今日は子供たちを引率して遊園地へ。吸血鬼やミイラやオオカミ男が出てくるお化け屋敷では悲鳴を上げていました。
The group of boys and girls screamed every time they encountered vampires, mummies and wolfmen as they went through the ( ) house.
a. hen b. brokerage c. haunted d. packed

問題2 絶叫マシン
普段は控えめでおとなしい僕の彼女ですが、遊園地のスリル満点の乗り物が大好き。特に絶叫マシンには目がありません。
My girlfriend is usually shy and quiet, but she likes thrilling attractions in amusement parks. She has a great fondness for scary ( ).
a. drives b. rides c. swings d. loops

問題3 観覧車
イギリスのガイドブックをめくっていたら「ロンドン・アイ」についての説明がありました。テムズ川沿いにある大観覧車で、ロンドンが一望できるそうです。
My travel guidbook says the London Eye is a huge ( ) wheel beside the river Thames which gives tourists a bird's view of the English capital.
a. Bobby b. Casey c. Ferris d. Dale

問題4 迷子のお知らせ
オープンしたばかりのテーマパークは大混雑。家族3人で遊びに行ったのですが、5歳になる息子とはぐれてしまい、警備員に迷子のお知らせをお願いしました。
The newly opened theme park was so crowded that we were separated from our 5-yeasr-old son. We asked a security guard to make a ( ) child announcement.
a. found b. searching c. abducted d. lost

回答 1c 2b 3c 4d

III -c. Elementary Question
Question:
What is the color mentioned in an English expression when people say they aren't feeling good?
Answer: Blue
When you are not feeling good or you are depressed, you can say, "I'm blue." "Green" means "inexperienced," while "yellow" means "cowardly."

IV. Jokes
a. A man is in trial for armed robbery. The jury returns with the verdict. The foreman stands, clears his throat and announces, "Not guilty."
The defendant leaps to his feet. "Awesome!" he shouts. "Does that mean I get to keep the money?"

b. A man and his wife were arguing about who should make the coffee each morning.
The wife says, "You should do it, because you get up first." The husband says, "No! Since you're in charge of the cooking, you should do it."
The wife replies, "No, even the Bible says that the man should make the coffee." The husband is incredulous. He says, "I don't believe that! Show it to vme."
So his wife opens the Bible, and points out how the top of several pages read: "HEBREWS".

c. My go-getter coworker asked me, "Andrea, why put off till tomorrow what you can do today?"
I replied, "On the chance that I get fired this afternoon and I don't have to do it at all."

d. They say you should drink as much water as you can. But this really slows me down when I get to a lake.

e. Everyone likes the smell of a newborn baby, but when I suggest it as a candle scent, I'm chased out of the room.

f. At US immigration, an announcement reads, "Welcome back, Americans!" If the UK had that, it would say, !Oh, You're back. Stand there for a bit."

g. Man: Doctor, I swallowed a gold coin.
Doctor: What? When?
Man: A month ago.
Doctor: Why are you only coming to me now?
Man: Because now I need the money.

h. My dog Groucho Barx hates the Hoover. So, as a compromise, I get him to do the dusting.



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