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資料No. ： NS120314
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V ； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 One of the biggest problems is the _______ of sufficient funding. (A) lack (B) desire (C) amount (D) needing 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Margaret could not meet Mr. Smith at the station, so she _______ to the office instead. (A) has never been (B) has been (C) had not gone (D) had to go 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You can count on John as a _______ spokesman for labor in the wage-raise negotiations. (A) season (B) seasonable (C) seasoned (D) seasonal 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 James rushed off to the sales meeting in _______ a hurry he forgot his documents. (A) such (B) that (C) order (D) what 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The trouble with the computer will be solved only _______ we install a new hard disk. (A) that (B) though (C) if (D) what 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If your clothes _______ and you don't trust yourself to clean them up, our readers say the best place to go is Della's Cleaners. (A) had stained (B) are staining (C) are stained (D) would stain 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 By April of next year, the majority of blue-collar workers _______ on strike at least once. (A) will have gone (B) have gone (C) will be going (D) had been going (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Carbon is an element ----- no known form of life would be possible. (A) unless with (B) without which (C) not with it (D) what is without 2. 空所補充問題 Ratings researchers monitor the television viewing habits of typical households to help them estimate ----- people watch a given program nationwide. (A) how many (B) how much of (C) of how many (D) many of the 3. 空所補充問題 Many of the world's central banks ----- entirely private-sector entities that attained official status after gradually becoming deeply involved in government finance. (A) had them (B) they were (C) did their (D) were once 4. 空所補充問題 Experimental evidence ----- that infants are not born with the ability to perceive the full spectrum of colors. (A) indicates (B) indicating (C) was indicated (D) is indicating 5. 空所補充問題 Fiber optic technology can be used not only to boost telecommunications speeds, ----- the effectiveness of medical treatment. (A) but improving (B) but to improve (C) but also improving (D) but also to improve 6. 正誤問題 (A)Unless it attains (B)a speed exceeding seven miles (C)in second, a spacecraft will not escape (D)the earth's gravitational pull. 7. 正誤問題 Pearls are the result of (A)a defensive reaction (B)among shellfish that protects (C)it from abrasive irritants (D)such as sand. 8. 正誤問題 (A)Because of (B)its resilience and bounce, cork (C)uses for the core of the standard baseball (D)used in most professional leagues. 9. 正誤問題 Ancient Egyptian physicians were renowned (A)throughout (B)the Mediterranean and Middle East (C)with (D)their skill. 10. 正誤問題 (A)The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (B)have calculated Wholesale Price Index figures (C)dating (D)back to 1890. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V ； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 One of the biggest problems is the _______ of sufficient funding. (A) lack (B) desire (C) amount (D) needing 訳；最大の問題のひとつは充分な資金の不足です。 ※正解(A)。「不足」の意味になるものは lack しかありません。desire は「欲求」、amount は「量」、needing については、need だけであれば、in need of ... の形で、「…を必要としている」という意味があります。 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Margaret could not meet Mr. Smith at the station, so she _______ to the office instead. (A) has never been (B) has been (C) had not gone (D) had to go 訳；マーガレットは駅でスミス氏に会うことができなかったので、代わりにオフィスまで行かなければならなかった。 ※正解(D)。《解説》「駅で会うことができなかったので、その代わりに〜」という内容をよく留意して、空所に入れる語を選ぶこと。(D) を選べば「代わりにオフィスまで行かなければならなかった」という意味になり適当。 《選択肢》(A) の has never been (to 〜）は「（〜へ）行ったことがない」、(B) の has been (to 〜）は「（〜へ）行ったことがある」 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You can count on John as a _______ spokesman for labor in the wage-raise negotiations. (A) season (B) seasonable (C) seasoned (D) seasonal 訳；賃上げ交渉の際、労働者側の経験豊かな代弁者としてあなたがたはジョンを頼りにできる。 ※正解(C)。《解説》空所に入れる語でspokesman「代弁者」を修飾させて名詞句を作ることになる。すなわち、count on John as 〜（名詞句）で「ジョンを〜として頼りにする」という表現を完成させる。(C) のseasonedは「経験豊かな、熟した」という意味の形容詞。 《選択肢》seasonable「（天候）季節にふさわしい」, seasonal「季節的な」 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 James rushed off to the sales meeting in _______ a hurry he forgot his documents. (A) such (B) that (C) order (D) what 訳；ジェームズはあまりに急いで営業会議に出かけたので、書類を忘れてきた。 ※正解(A)。《解説》James rushed off to the sales meeting「ジェームズは急いで営業会議に出かけた」という文とhe forgot his documents「ジェームズは書類を忘れた」という2つの文をうまく結べるかどうか。suchを選んで、such 〜 that ...「あまりにも〜なので…」の相関表現（thatはhurryとheの間で省略）を作れば、内容的にも適当である。 《選択肢》in order (that) 「（that以下）のために」 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The trouble with the computer will be solved only _______ we install a new hard disk. (A) that (B) though (C) if (D) what 訳；そのコンピュータのトラブルは、新しいハードディスクを入れない限り解決しない。 ※正解(C)。《解説》The trouble with the computer「コンピュータのトラブル」が主語。installは「（装置など）を取り付ける」の意味。only ifは「〜する場合だけ」の意味。すなわち、「〜をinstallする場合だけ解決される→〜しない限り解決しない」という内容の文となる。なお、if only 〜「〜しさえすれば」と混同しないこと。 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If your clothes _______ and you don't trust yourself to clean them up, our readers say the best place to go is Della's Cleaners. (A) had stained (B) are staining (C) are stained (D) would stain 訳；服を汚して、自分で洗濯する自信がないときに読者が一番に薦める店はデラのクリーニング店です。 ※正解(C)。《解説》雑誌か新聞の「良い店紹介コーナー」からとったと思われる文。If節があると、すぐ仮定法の文を作るのかという誤解もよくあるが、ここでは「単なる条件」を表すIf節で、動詞の時制は現在形でよい。stainは「〜を汚す」という意味の他動詞であるが、ここではyour clothesが主語になっているので、受け身にする。 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 By April of next year, the majority of blue-collar workers _______ on strike at least once. (A) will have gone (B) have gone (C) will be going (D) had been going 訳；来年の4月までに、大多数の工場労働者が少なくとも1度はストライキをするだろう。 ※正解(A)。《解説》着眼する語句はBy April of next year「来年の4月までには」。go on(a) strikeは「ストライキに入る」の意味。したがって、ポイントは「〜までには、ストライキに入っているだろう」という未来完了の文を作ることになる。未来完了は「will＋have＋過去分詞」の形が基本。 《選択肢》それぞれ (B) は現在完了、(C) は未来進行形、(D) は過去完了進行形。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Carbon is an element ----- no known form of life would be possible. (A) unless with (B) without which (C) not with it (D) what is without ※正解(B)。【解説】 空所を挟んで２つの文が並列されている。後半の文の主語はno known form of lifeである。この前にwith, with it, withoutが来ては文が成立しなくなる。正解はwithout whichである。carbon「炭素」。 2. 空所補充問題 Ratings researchers monitor the television viewing habits of typical households to help them estimate ----- people watch a given program nationwide. (A) how many (B) how much of (C) of how many (D) many of the ※正解(A)。【解説】 可算名詞peopleの前にmuchは使えない。動詞estimateは前置詞ofを取ることはない。また、many of theを使う場合には、その前になんらかの接続詞が必要となる。正解は(A)である。 3. 空所補充問題 Many of the world's central banks ----- entirely private-sector entities that attained official status after gradually becoming deeply involved in government finance. (A) had them (B) they were (C) did their (D) were once ※正解(D)。【解説】 had themの後に名詞句が続くのはおかしい。they wereでは主語が重複すことになる。were onceを空所に入れれば意味が通る。attain「獲得する」。 4. 空所補充問題 Experimental evidence ----- that infants are not born with the ability to perceive the full spectrum of colors. (A) indicates (B) indicating (C) was indicated (D) is indicating ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所にはこの文の動詞（現在形）が入るのは明らか。したがって、(B)と(C)は除外できる。indicate「表す、示す」はここでは進行形にする必要はない。perceive「知覚する」、spectrum「スペクトル」。 5. 空所補充問題 Fiber optic technology can be used not only to boost telecommunications speeds, ----- the effectiveness of medical treatment. (A) but improving (B) but to improve (C) but also improving (D) but also to improve ※正解(D)。【解説】 not onlyとその後に不定詞toが来ている点に注目。空所にはそれを受けてbut also toが入ることになる。fiber optic technology「光ファイバーテクノロジー」、effectiveness「有効性」。 6. 正誤問題 (A)Unless it attains (B)a speed exceeding seven miles (C)in second, a spacecraft will not escape (D)the earth's gravitational pull. ※正解(C)。【解説】 in → per/a。接続詞Unlessと冠詞a、所有格the earth'sに問題はない。in secondではなくper/a secondにしなければ「毎秒」の意味にはならない。 7. 正誤問題 Pearls are the result of (A)a defensive reaction (B)among shellfish that protects (C)it from abrasive irritants (D)such as sand. ※正解(C)。【解説】 it → them。冠詞a、前置詞amongに問題はない。itは何を指しているのか。Pearlsである。したがって、itではなくthemにしなけらばない。 8. 正誤問題 (A)Because of (B)its resilience and bounce, cork (C)uses for the core of the standard baseball (D)used in most professional leagues. ※正解(C)。【解説】 uses → is used。Because ofとcorkを指すitsに問題はない。文意からして、usesはis used（受け身）になるはずである。usedの前にはthat/which isが略されている。resilience「弾性」、bounce「反発力」。 9. 正誤問題 Ancient Egyptian physicians were renowned (A)throughout (B)the Mediterranean and Middle East (C)with (D)their skill. ※正解(C)。【解説】 with → for。be renowned for... 「……で有名である」を知っているかどうかがポイント。 10. 正誤問題 (A)The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (B)have calculated Wholesale Price Index figures (C)dating (D)back to 1890. ※正解(B)。【解説】 have → has。Statisticsにつられてhaveとしてはいけない。この文の主語は単数The United States Bureau... である。 らない。such as... 「……のような」、abrasive「すり減らす」、irritant「刺激物」。 II. 時事英文 World population reaches 7 billion (その3：全4回シリーズ) Also, the public education system is failing. There are too many students in many places. Schooling is often of poor quality. Another concern is health care. Nearly half of India's children under the age of five are malnourished. Sarah Crowe at the United Nations Children's Fund in New Delhi says these two problems "could keep India back." SARAH CROWE: "That child is unable to really grow to its ability and will remain in a state of stunting and not be able to learn when it goes to school -- when he or she goes to school, and indeed later earn and really pay back and pay into the economy and help the country and the region move forward. We have, you know, out of every two hundred million children who start school, only ten percent complete grade twelve." III - a. 雑知識
問題 1 髪の生え際が後退する 最近、髪の生え際が後退しているのが気になります。父の場合、50代の前半から髪の毛が薄くなり始めたそうです。 I'm a little worried that I have a ( ) hairline these days. My father said he started thinning in the front in his early 50s. a. backing b. receding c. disappearing d. pulling 問題 2 ボサボサな髪 私の娘は今朝、1時間寝坊してしまい、朝食抜きでボサボサな髪のまま急いで家を出て職場に向かいました。 My daughter overslept for an hour this morning. She skipped breakfast and rushed out of the house to work with ( ) hair. a. kinky b. blowout c. puffy d. untidy 問題 3 坊主頭 僕は高校時代、野球部に所属していましたが、部員全員が坊主頭にしなければならないという決まりにはなじめませんでした。 When I was a high school student, I was a member of the baseball team. However, I didn't feel comfortable with the idea that players had to have close-( ) hair. a. Cropped b. divided c. chopped d. dried 問題 4 髪を切りそろえてもらう 明日は就職試験の面接日。人前でも見苦しくないように、床屋で髪を切りそろえてもらいました。 I had my hair ( ) at the barber shop so that I would look presentable before the job interview. a. Trenched b. trashed c. trimmed d. trampled 回答 1 b 2 d 3 a 4 c III -c. News Glossary electability 勝てる候補であること Electability and broad acceptability greased the wheels. Asked which candidate would be most likely to defend Barack Obama, 56 percent of New Hampshire voters picked Mitt Romney. 勝てる可能性と広範な有権者層の支持が、(米国ニューハンプシャー州の予備選でのロムニー氏の)勝利を容易にした。オバマ大統領に勝つ可能性が最も高いのはどの候補かと聞かれ、同州の候補者の56パーセントがロムニー氏を挙げた。 IV. Jokes a. I was mugged twice last year. The odds of getting mugged once are one in 50. The odds of getting mugged twice are one in 2500. The odds that I got mugged twice last year because I look like the kind of guy that would calculate those odds? One in one. b. What's the oddest thing about belonging to a support group for hypochondriacs? Every member calls in sick, but they all show up for the meeting. c. I dressed my dog as a cat for Halloween. Now he won't come when I call him. d. We should have a way of telling people they have had breath without hurting their feelings: "Well, I'm bored. Let's go brush our teeth." Or, "I've got to make a phone call. Hold the gum in your mouth." e. Did you hear about the dating agency for chickens that went bust? Apparently they couldn't make hens meet. f. Two young boys are on their way to Sunday school when one says to the other. "I'm really worried about all this Satan stuff they have been teaching us." "Why?" asks his friend. "Well, remember what they said about Santa. What if this guy turns out to be my dad too?" |