資料No. ： NS110713  

I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC
１. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Let them _______ as they like. They'll never listen to us.
(A) do　(B) to do　(C) to be doing　(D) to have done

2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
I was just about to leave home, _______ the phone rang.
(A) that　(B) why　(C) when　(D) at that time

3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Your children have passed the age _______ they need to worry about such illnesses.
(A) why　(B) how　(C) when　(D) which

4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
The real estate agent has three apartments to show you _______ is very near your workplace.
(A) , one of them　(B) , one of which　(C) none of whom　(D) some of which

5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
One of my colleagues is moving to the house _______ is opposite ours.
(A) who　(B) whom　(C) which　(D) where

6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Many of the problems _______ we will face in the next century will be environmental ones.
(A) that　(B) whom　(C) on which　(D) that are

7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
I doubt that anyone would _______ to work in such a stressful environment.
(A) admit　(B) choose　(C) consider　(D) appreciate

(2) TOEFL
1. 空所補充問題
The oldest trophy in international sports is known as the America's Cup, which is ----- the name of the world's most prestigious sailboat competition.
(A) also　(B) too　(C) addition　(D) combining

2. 空所補充問題
The desperate effort to design and build aircraft of ----- kinds during World War II led to a number of advances in aviation technology.
(A) their　(B) each　(C) any　(D) all

3. 空所補充問題
----- led by a more experienced commander, it very well may have succeeded in its mission of conquering England.
(A) Had the second Spanish Armada been　(B) The second Spanish Armada it had been
(C) The second Spanish Armada had been　(D) Had were the second Spanish Armada

4. 空所補充問題
Sir Henry Raeburn, who lived from 1756 to 1823, was recognized ----- his lifetime as the leading Scottish portrait artist.
(A) during　(B) while　(C) through　(D) when

5. 空所補充問題
Ruthenium is a rare element used mainly in jewelry in alloys with platinum and other relatively soft metals ----- of its silver-white appearance and hardness.
(A) due to　(B) because　(C) therefore　(D) since

6. 正誤問題
The archerfish is capable (A)of "hunting" by shooting droplets of water from (B)their mouth (C)with speed and accuracy, striking and toppling insect prey from as far (D)away as three feet.

7. 正誤問題
(A)Comparing with other bats, the (B)approximately 30 species known as big brown bats are (C)relatively slow, heavy fliers and are often (D)found in buildings and hollow trees.

8. 正誤問題
Natural caves are (A)thinking to (B)have provided the shelter (C)that helped many small groups of Neanderthals (D)in what is now central Europe to survive.

9. 正誤問題
Magicians specialize in (A)sleight of hand, the performance of tricks (B)designed to make (C)impossible seem (D)possible.

10. 正誤問題
The anthrax vaccine is generally (A)regarded by the medical community as safe (B)despite of (C)lingering rumor that it (D)has harmful side effects.

I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答
(1) TOEIC
１. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Let them _______ as they like. They'll never listen to us.
(A) do　(B) to do　(C) to be doing　(D) to have done
訳：彼らのしたいようにさせよう。私たちの言うことなんて聞かないだろうから。
※正解(A)。「…させてあげる」の意味の使役動詞 let は、let ＋目的語＋原形動詞の形をとります。

2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
I was just about to leave home, _______ the phone rang.
(A) that　(B) why　(C) when　(D) at that time
訳：ちょうど家を出ようとしていたそのときに、電話が鳴った。
※正解(Ｃ)。【着眼点】選択肢のうちで、接続詞機能を有し、かつコンマを介して2つの節を連結できるのは非制限用法をもつ関係副詞のwhenのみである。なお、この場合のwhenは前の節全体を先行詞とする。be about to 〜 は「まさに［今にも］〜しようとしている」の意。

3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Your children have passed the age _______ they need to worry about such illnesses.
(A) why　(B) how　(C) when　(D) which
訳：あなたのお子さんたちは、そういった病気を心配する年齢はもう過ぎました。
※正解(Ｃ)。【着眼点】選択肢はすべて関係詞だが、先行詞がthe ageという「時」を表す名詞句であるから (A) と (B) は消える。次に、このthe ageを受けてthey need to worry about such illnessesの節にどう結びつけていくかだが、the ageという名詞句のままではどこにも差し込む適当な場所はない。したがって、名詞句だけの代用となる関係代名詞 (which) は不可。whenであれば「その年齢において［その年齢のときに］they need to以下である」が成立するのでうまくつながることになる。

4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
The real estate agent has three apartments to show you _______ is very near your workplace.
(A) , one of them　(B) , one of which　(C) none of whom　(D) some of which
訳：その不動産屋にはあなたに見せるアパートの物件が3つあるが、そのうちの1つはあなたの職場にとても近い。
※正解(B)。【着眼点】whichやwhomがofを介して数［量］詞と結びつく'one [some, any, none, all, both, several, enough, many, few, etc.] of which [whom]'の形は非制限用法なので、コンマのない (C) , (D) は不可。加えて (C) は先行詞 (three apartments) が人でない点、(D) は関係詞節内の動詞が単数 (is) である点でも不可。コンマだけで節を結ぶ (A) も不可。

5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
One of my colleagues is moving to the house _______ is opposite ours.
(A) who　(B) whom　(C) which　(D) where
訳：同僚の1人が我が家の向かいの家に引越してきます。
※正解(Ｃ)。【着眼点】the houseを先行詞にとり、空所の後のisに対する主語として機能できるものを選ぶ。
【選択肢】(D) は関係副詞で主語になれない。

6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Many of the problems _______ we will face in the next century will be environmental ones.
(A) that　(B) whom　(C) on which　(D) that are
訳：来世紀に我々が直面する問題は、多くが環境問題となるであろう。
※正解(A)。【着眼点】述語動詞が2つ（will face, will be）ある（ → faceは法助動詞willがあるから当然動詞）。そこで前者は文中に埋め込まれた関係詞節に属し、後者はその関係詞節を包み込む主節に属すると考えてみる。そして関係詞節を導く関係代名詞を選択肢から選ぶわけだが、空所の左に人はないから (B) は不可。残りについては関係詞節（＝空所からwill beの前まで）の内部構造が判断の決め手。we will face in the next centuryにproblemsをどう組み込むか。faceには主語 (we) はあるが目的語がない。したがってface the problems（= that）がはまる。face on the problems（= on which）のface on 〜 は「場所的に〜に面している」の意で用いないとおかしい。(D) は問題外。
are ---> is

7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
I doubt that anyone would _______ to work in such a stressful environment.
(A) admit　(B) choose　(C) consider　(D) appreciate
訳：そのようなストレスの多い環境ではだれも働きたがらないだろう。
※正解(B)。【着眼点】空所の後にto不定詞 (to work) が続いている点に注目。to不定詞を目的語にとれるのは (B) のchooseのみ。choose to 〜は「〜することに決める；〜したいと思う」の意。なお、chooseの場合、目的語に動名詞をとる形も不可能ではないが、まれなので「choose＋to不定詞」として覚えておくほうが無難。doubt that ... は「…でないと思う」の意でthat節の内容に対する否定的判断が含意される。したがってanyoneにおけるany- の使用に問題はない。such a 〜にも注意。

(2) TOEFL
1. 空所補充問題
The oldest trophy in international sports is known as the America's Cup, which is ----- the name of the world's most prestigious sailboat competition.
(A) also　(B) too　(C) addition　(D) combining
※正解(A)。【解説】　難しく考えることはない。is also the name of... で「……の名前でもある」の意味になる。prestigious「高名な」。

2. 空所補充問題
The desperate effort to design and build aircraft of ----- kinds during World War II led to a number of advances in aviation technology.
(A) their　(B) each　(C) any　(D) all
※正解(D)。【解説】　theirとeachが使えないのはすぐに分かる。all kindsで「あらゆる種類の」という意味になる。

3. 空所補充問題
----- led by a more experienced commander, it very well may have succeeded in its mission of conquering England.
(A) Had the second Spanish Armada been　(B) The second Spanish Armada it had been
(C) The second Spanish Armada had been　(D) Had were the second Spanish Armada
※正解(A)。【解説】　仮定法過去完了の文である。Hadが文頭に倒置されたHad the second Spanish Armada beenはIf the second Spanish Armada had beenと同じ意味を表す。

4. 空所補充問題
Sir Henry Raeburn, who lived from 1756 to 1823, was recognized ----- his lifetime as the leading Scottish portrait artist.
(A) during　(B) while　(C) through　(D) when
※正解(A)。【解説】　空所の後にhis lifetimeと名詞句が来ているので、whileとwhenは不可。duringを空所に入れるとduring his lifetimeで「生きている間」の意味になる。

5. 空所補充問題
Ruthenium is a rare element used mainly in jewelry in alloys with platinum and other relatively soft metals ----- of its silver-white appearance and hardness.
(A) due to　(B) because　(C) therefore　(D) since
※正解(B)。【解説】　空所の後にある前置詞ofがヒントになる。because of... で「……のために、……のゆえに」の意。ruthenium「ルテニウム」。

6. 正誤問題
The archerfish is capable (A)of "hunting" by shooting droplets of water from (B)their mouth (C)with speed and accuracy, striking and toppling insect prey from as far (D)away as three feet.
※正解(B)。【解説】　their → its。be capable of... ingで「……することが可能である」の意。theirはThe archerfish「テッポウウオ」に呼応させてitsにしなくてはいけない。前置詞withとawayの用法に問題はない。

7. 正誤問題
(A)Comparing with other bats, the (B)approximately 30 species known as big brown bats are (C)relatively slow, heavy fliers and are often (D)found in buildings and hollow trees.
※正解(A)。【解説】　Comparing → Compared。Compared with... で「……と比べると」の意味になる。副詞approximately、relatively、過去分詞foundに誤りはない。

8. 正誤問題
Natural caves are (A)thinking to (B)have provided the shelter (C)that helped many small groups of Neanderthals (D)in what is now central Europe to survive.
※正解(A)。【解説】　thinking → thought。Natural caves「自然にできた洞窟」がthinkするはずがない。thinkingはthoughtにしなければ意味が通らない。

9. 正誤問題
Magicians specialize in (A)sleight of hand, the performance of tricks (B)designed to make (C)impossible seem (D)possible.
※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】　impossible → the impossible。sleigh of hand「手先の早業、手品」。designed toの前にはthat/which areが略されている。make the impossible seem possibleで「不可能な事を可能に見せる」の意味になる。

10. 正誤問題
The anthrax vaccine is generally (A)regarded by the medical community as safe (B)despite of (C)lingering rumor that it (D)has harmful side effects.
※正解(B)。【解説】　despite of → despite。うっかり見逃してしまいそうな間違いである。前置詞despite「……にもかかわらず」には前置詞ofは必要ない。

II. 時事英文
Royal Wedding Draws a Worldwide Crowd　29 April 2011　(その7；全7回シリーズ)
There was a big celebration at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. That was where William and Kate first met as art history students in two thousand one.

Many Americans woke up before sunrise to watch the wedding. And thousands of people traveled to Britain to join the celebration, including this Australian woman.

WOMAN: "We're all part of history. It's just a wonderful experience."

III - a. 雑知識
  1. can't be happier は「最高に幸せ」の意味。食道がんを克服した指揮者の小澤征爾さんが８月のサイトウ・キネン・フェスティバル松本で復帰を果たす予定。また、９月には中国の北京と上海でも指揮を務める。小澤氏は「中国生まれなのでうれしい限り」と語った。AFP-Jiji 通信の記事が、"I can't be happier because I was born in China." と伝えた。
  2. ticket（切符）は、book a ticket to の形で大会などへの「出場資格を得る」の意味になる。石川遼が世界ランキングで49位に浮上し、50位以内に与えられる全米オープン選手権の出場権を獲得した。Ryo Ishikawa booked his ticket to the U.S. Open after he moved into the top 50 in the men's latest world rankings. は、AJWの記事から。
  3. take on は、競技などで「対戦相手にする」の意味。英国を訪問したオバマ米大統領は、ロンドン南部の小学校を訪れ卓球に興じた。上着を脱いで学校の体育館に入ったオバマ氏は、"Who wants to take me on?" （私に挑戦したい人は？）と男子生徒に声を掛けたとReuters通信が伝えた。
  4. streamline（流線形）は、動詞で組織などを「合理化する」の意味がある。The plan to cut more than 10,000 jobs in Japan is part of Panasonic's global streamlining efforts.は、国内で１万数千人の従業員を削減すると発表したパナソニックに関するAJWの記事から。４月に発表した世界全体の従業員削減策の一環。
  5. tried and tested は、「多くの試練に耐えた」の意味。"We are here to celebrate the tried, tested and- yes, special relationship between our two countries." は、オバマ米大統領の英国訪問に関するReuters 通信の記事から。エリザベス女王が公式夕食会で「私たちは、両国間の数々の試練に耐えてきた特別な関係を祝うためにここにいる」と述べた。
  6. claim には領有権を「主張する」の意味がある。韓国の国会議員３人が北方領土の国後島を訪問した。Three South Korean lawmakers on May 24 visited Kunashiri island, one of four islands off the coast of Hokkaido controlled by Russia but claimed by Japan. は、AJWの記事から。日本は四島の領有権を主張している。
  7. father には動詞で「子をもうける」の意味がある。米紙ロサンゼルス・タイムズは、シュワルツェネッガー前米カリフォルニア州知事に隠し子がいたことを報じた。The Los Angeles Times reported Schwarzenegger had fathered a child with a longtime family employee. は、AP 通信の記事から。母親は邸宅で働いていた元家政婦。
  8. wedlock は「結婚している状態」の意味で、out-of-wedlock child ＝「非嫡出子、隠し子」のこと。The revelation that Arnold Schwarzenegger has an out-of-wedlock child with a former domestic employee turned into a tabloid frenzy. は、シュワルツェネッガー前米カリフォルニア州知事の隠し子騒動に関するAP 通信の記事から。
  9. keep〜guessing は、情報を提供せずに「気をもませる」の意味。ロシアのメドベージェフ大統領は5月18日、モスクワ近郊のスコルコボで、過去最大規模の記者会見を開いた。しかし、来年3月の次期大統領選への出馬についての明言は避けた。Reuters通信の記事が、Medvedev has kept Russia guessing on the 2012 presidential election. と伝えた。
  10. perp walk は、逮捕した容疑者を警察が外に連れ出し、マスコミに撮影の機会を与えること。perp は perpetrator（犯人）の意味。Strauss-Kahn made his perp walk in the early morning hours on May 15. は、ホテル従業員に対する性的暴行容疑で逮捕され、国際通貨基金(IMF) の専務理事を辞任したストロスカーン氏に関するAP通信の記事から。
III -b. 英語でどう言う？
お似合いのカップル
最近付き合い始めた彼を、家族や友人たちに紹介したら、｢あなたたちはお似合いの夫婦になるよ｣と言われました。
My family members and friends all tell us that we will make a perfect couple.

高嶺(たかね)の花
僕はクラスメートのミカにひと目ぼれしたが、彼女はとてもモテるので、僕にとっては高嶺の花です。
I fell in love with Mika at first sight. But she is quite popular among boys, so I think she is beyond my reach.

駆け落ちする
私はタロウのことが大好きです。でも、両親がどうしても結婚を認めてくれないので、ついに2人で駆け落ちすることにしました。
I love Taro so much but my parents will never allow me to marry him. We've decided to run away together to get married.

婚約を破棄する
8月に結婚する予定でしたが、婚約を破棄しました。彼がギャンブルで多額の借金を抱えていることが分かったのです。
We were planning to get married in August but I called off the engagement. It turned out he was heavily in debt from gambling.

III -c. News Glossary
Exchange vows
結婚の誓いを交わす
"At Westminster Abbey, William and Middleton held hands, gazed into each other's eyes and exchanged vows as if they were not surrounded by 1,900 guests in the historic cathedral."
　「ウエントミンスター寺院で、ウィリアム王子とミドルトンさんは、手を取り合い、目を見つめあって、結婚の誓いを交わしました。あたかもこの歴史ある教会に集まった1900人もの招待客に囲まれていないかのように。｣

IV. Jokes
a. Recently, my husband put his car in reverse and drove it into a wall. He took it to his mechanic, who replaced the dented bumper. Days later, he did it again.
"I'm so embarrassed," he moaned, reaching for the phone.
"Why not tell him it was me this time?"
"Maybe I will," he said, dialing, "it worked the last time."

b. The topic of our Year Seven science class was Dolly, the sheep cloned in Scotland several years back. We discussed how scientists removed the nucleus from the sheep egg cell and replaced it with the nucleus from the parent cell. The students were fascinated, one in particular. "This is amazing," she said. "I had no idea sheep laid eggs."

c. When my luggage didn't make the flight home with me, I stormed over to the airport's customer service counter. "Can you describe your suitcase?" the clerk asked.
"It's a navy-blue duffel bag, 24 inches long, 18 inches wide, and 20 inches high," I said. "It had red piping around the edges, three big stars on one side, and the words 'Atlanta Olympics' in big letters on the other side."
] "OK" she said. "And is there anything distinctive about your bag?"

d. The biggest loser at my weight-loss club was an elderly woman. "How'd you do it?" we asked. "Easy," she said. "Every night I take my teeth out at six o'clock."

e. At the dentist's office, for oral surgery, I was handed a couple of forms to fill out. As I signed the first one, I joked with the receptionist: "Does this say that even if you pull my head completely off, I can't sue you?"
"No, that's the next sheet," she said. "This one says you still have to pay us."

f. I was driving around and around a parking garage in search of an available space. Nothing. Then I noticed a couple walking ahead of me.
"Going out?" I called to them. "No," said the man. "Just friends."

g. During a trip to the zoo, we saw a sign posted next to the empty polar bear exhibit stating that the bear had died after eating a glove.
"The poor polar bear," remarked the woman standing next to us.
Her husband's slightly different reaction: "The poor huy wearing the glove."

h. Mr. Schwartz, an old family friend, often spent weekends at our home. One day, my younger sister, a toddler, climbed up on a table and started playing with his pills.
"Mr. Schwartz," my father yelled out, "the baby has your pills!"
"Don't you worry," Mr. Schwartz assured him. "There are plenty more where those came from."

i. If you hate driving, this property is for you: "Nice apartment. Within walking distance of car wash and gas stations."


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