資料No. ： NS110223  

I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC
１. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Show me that report when he _______ out of the room.
(A) goes　(B) will go　(C) is gone　(D) went

2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
These _______ distributed at next week's meeting.
(A) were　(B) have been　(C) will　(D) are being

3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
I'm sorry we were so late. The train was _______.
(A) been delayed　(B) delay　(C) delayed　(D) delaying

4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
You'd better hit the _______ if you want to pass that exam.
(A) roof　(B) bottle　(C) books　(D) road

5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Come on, we've finished now. Let's call it a _______.
(A) day　(B) spade　(C) completion　(D) job

6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
To _______ matters worse, we can't do anything till next week.
(A) produce　(B) make　(C) do　(D) infuriate

7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
It was difficult at first but now I've got the _______ of it.
(A) art　(B) technique　(C) way　(D) hang

(2) TOEFL
1. 空所補充問題
Egyptian wall paintings indicate that thong sandals with flat soles of papyrus or leather ----- common in ancient times.
(A) probably to have been　(B) were probably　(C) being probably　(D) to probably have

2. 空所補充問題
In 1965, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson decided that he had better ----- into law an immigration reform bill that had just passed Congress.
(A) to sign　(B) sign　(C) signing　(D) to be signing

3. 空所補充問題
Rather than being a cricket, the so-called Mormon cricket is, -----, a member of the family of katydids and long-horned grasshoppers.
(A) the truth　(B) as real　(C) in fact　(D) for actual

4. 空所補充問題
Now a shallow body of water, Lake Abitibi straddling the Ontario-Quebec border ----- a much deeper glacial lake.
(A) was used　(B) used to be　(C) was used to　(D) was used to be

5. 空所補充問題
The most traditional form of country music is called old-time country music, and features traditional instruments ----- the banjo, fiddle and harmonica.
(A) as such as　(B) as such　(C) such　(D) such as

6. 正誤問題
Medical ethics (A)is concerned (B)with the moral problems that (C)rise (D)in the practical application of modern medical science.

7. 正誤問題
Ancient Roman legislators (A)carried pointed metal writing instruments (B)called styli, (C)which sometimes (D)serving as stabbing weapons.

8. 正誤問題
(A)An optical illusion occurs when we make faulty (B)interpretations of visual (C)impressions (D)regard real special relationships.

9. 正誤問題
(A)In 1960, the membership of the armed forces of the Communist nations (B)outnumbered (C)those of the free world two (D)to one.

10. 正誤問題
The theory of continental drift was (A)bolstering in 1970 (B)by the discovery of (C)fossilized reptile bones (D)on Antarctica.

I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答
(1) TOEIC
１. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Show me that report when he _______ out of the room.
(A) goes　(B) will go　(C) is gone　(D) went
訳：彼が部屋から出ていったら、そのレポートを見せてよ。
※正解(A)。彼が「部屋から出ていく」のは未来のことですが、when を使った「時」を表す副詞節の中では、未来のことでも現在形で表します。したがって、正解は (A) になります。I don't know when he will come back.「彼がいつ帰るかわかりません」など、名詞節のときは未来形を使いますから、注意しましょう。

2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
These _______ distributed at next week's meeting.
(A) were　(B) have been　(C) will　(D) are being
訳：これは来週の会議で配布されます。
※正解(D)。「来週の会議で」という未来の内容を表す副詞句がヒントです。(A) の過去形や (B) の現在完了では不適切です。また、(C) の未来を表す助動詞 will の後には distributed はきません。正解は (D) で、受動態の進行形で未来を表しています。

3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
I'm sorry we were so late. The train was _______.
(A) been delayed　(B) delay　(C) delayed　(D) delaying
訳：.遅れてすみません。電車が遅れたんです。
※正解(Ｃ)。delay は「遅らせる」という意味の他動詞です。ここでは the train が主語なので受動態になります。(A) や (B) では直前の be 動詞の was につながりません。

4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
You'd better hit the _______ if you want to pass that exam.
(A) roof　(B) bottle　(C) books　(D) road
訳：その試験に合格したいなら、猛勉強しなさい。
※正解(Ｃ)。どの選択肢にも hit と結びついたイディオムがあるので、それぞれの意味を知らなければ迷うかもしれません。正解は(C) の hit the books で「（猛烈に）勉強する」です。Hit the roof は「かんしゃくを起こす；（物価などが）うなぎ登りに上がる」、hit the bottle は「大酒を飲む」、hit the road は「（車などで）出かける；旅に出る」という意味です。

5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Come on, we've finished now. Let's call it a _______.
(A) day　(B) spade　(C) completion　(D) job
訳：さあ、やっと終わったぞ。今日はこれで切り上げよう。
※正解(A)。call it a day は口語で「（その日の仕事などを）終わりにする、切り上げる」という意味です。(B) spade は農具の「すき」という意味で、call a spade a spade「そのものをずばりと言う」というイディオムがあります。(C) は complete「〜を完成する」の名詞形です。

6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
To _______ matters worse, we can't do anything till next week.
(A) produce　(B) make　(C) do　(D) infuriate
訳：なお悪いことに、来週まで私たちには何もできないのです。
※正解(B)。to make matters worse で「さらに悪いことには」という意味のイディオムです。to make things worse とも言います。(D) infuriate は「（人）を激怒させる」という意味の他動詞です。

7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題
It was difficult at first but now I've got the _______ of it.
(A) art　(B) technique　(C) way　(D) hang
訳：最初は難しかったのですが、今ではこつをのみ込みました。
※正解(D)。get the hang of 〜 で「〜のこつをのみ込む；〜を理解する」という意味になります。ここでの hang は「扱い方、こつ」という意味です。

(2) TOEFL
1. 空所補充問題
Egyptian wall paintings indicate that thong sandals with flat soles of papyrus or leather ----- common in ancient times.
(A) probably to have been　(B) were probably　(C) being probably　(D) to probably have
※正解(B)。【解説】　that以下の文には動詞がないことに注目。空所には、be動詞wereがある(B)が入る。

2. 空所補充問題
In 1965, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson decided that he had better ----- into law an immigration reform bill that had just passed Congress.
(A) to sign　(B) sign　(C) signing　(D) to be signing
※正解(B)。【解説】　had betterの後には原形の動詞が来る。したがって、正解は(B)。

3. 空所補充問題
Rather than being a cricket, the so-called Mormon cricket is, -----, a member of the family of katydids and long-horned grasshoppers.
(A) the truth　(B) as real　(C) in fact　(D) for actual
※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】　isと名詞a member... に挟まれた空所には副詞が入るのではないかと予測できるので、(A)は不可。as real、for actualでは次のa member... と繋がらない。正解は副詞の(C) in fact「実は」。cricket「コオロギ」、long-horned grasshopper「キリギリス」。

4. 空所補充問題
Now a shallow body of water, Lake Abitibi straddling the Ontario-Quebec border ----- a much deeper glacial lake.
(A) was used　(B) used to be　(C) was used to　(D) was used to be
※正解(B)。【解説】　文頭のNowと対比させて空所に(B)use to be「かつては... だった」を入れれば文が成立する。straddle「またがる」。

5. 空所補充問題
The most traditional form of country music is called old-time country music, and features traditional instruments ----- the banjo, fiddle and harmonica.
(A) as such as　(B) as such　(C) such　(D) such as
※正解(D)。【解説】　as such asという言い方はない。as such、suchのままでは次のthe banjo... と繋がらない。such asを空所に入れれば「バンジョーや、バイオリン、ハーモニカのような」の意味になる。

6. 正誤問題
Medical ethics (A)is concerned (B)with the moral problems that (C)rise (D)in the practical application of modern medical science.
※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】　rise → arise。Medical ethics「医療倫理」は単数なのでisのままでいい。be concerned with... で「……に関係して」の意味。「（問題などが）生じる、起こる」という意味を表すにはriseではなくariseを用いる。前置詞inに問題はない。

7. 正誤問題
Ancient Roman legislators (A)carried pointed metal writing instruments (B)called styli, (C)which sometimes (D)serving as stabbing weapons.
※正解(D)。【解説】　serving as → served as。動詞carried、過去分詞called、関係代名詞whichの用法に問題はない。serving asのままではwhich節に動詞がないことになる。served as「……として使えた、役に立った」とすればその問題が解決する。

8. 正誤問題
(A)An optical illusion occurs when we make faulty (B)interpretations of visual (C)impressions (D)regard real special relationships.
※正解(D)。【解説】　regard → regarding。illusion、interpretation、impressionいずれも可算名詞である。regard（動詞）をregarding「……に関して（前置詞）」にしなければ文が繋がらない。

9. 正誤問題
(A)In 1960, the membership of the armed forces of the Communist nations (B)outnumbered (C)those of the free world two (D)to one.
※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】　those → that。thoseは単数形のmembershipのことを指しているので、thoseはthatにしなくてはいけない。outnumber「数で勝る」。

10. 正誤問題
The theory of continental drift was (A)bolstering in 1970 (B)by the discovery of (C)fossilized reptile bones (D)on Antarctica.
※正解(A)。【解説】　bolstering → bolstered。この場合のbolsterは「支持する、支援する（他動詞）」の意味。後にbyが使われていることからも分かるように、ここではwas bolstered... byと受け身にしなくてはいけない。fossilized「化石化した」、Antarctica「南極大陸」。

II.時事英文
Green Cities (その3：全13回シリーズ)
A "green" city might work on several kinds of environmental goals and programs. These include air quality, reducing electricity use, green building, public health, the reuse of materials, water quality and clean transportation.

The Natural Resources Defense Council works to protect the environment through activism, law and science. One of its online projects is called Smarter Cities. This web site gives a list of cities that have made important environmental steps. Its two thousand ten list includes twenty-two cities that have supported investing in green power and reducing energy use. The list is divided into large, medium and small cities.

III - a. 雑知識
  1. outscore は「〜より多く得点する」の意味。経済協力開発機構(OECD) が各国の15歳を対象に実施した「読解力」「数学」「科学」の学力調査で、中国の上海が３分野でトップに立った。ヘラルド朝日の記事が、Shanghai outscored their counterparts in reading as well as in math and science. と伝えた。
  2. competitive（競争力のある）の副詞、competitively は「他と張り合えるように」と訳せる。"Our long-term success depends on retaining the best people, and we are committed to paying competitively." は、ヘラルド朝日が伝えた米金融大手モルガン・スタンレーの広報担当者の発言。優れた人材には相応の報酬を与えるといった意味。
  3. swallow hard は感情を抑えて「苦渋の決断をする」の意味。オバマ米大統領は、富裕層向けの減税を野党・共和党の主張を一部取り入れて2年間延長することを明らかにした。ヘラルド朝日の記事が Obama swallowed hard to give up a central campaign promise to end tax breaks for the wealthy. と伝えた。
  4. disperse は人々を「四方に散らす」の意味。英ロンドン中心部で、大学授業料値上げに反対する推定２万人の学生デモの一部が暴徒化し、英国会前で警官隊と衝突した。Mounted police were used to try to disperse protesters outside parliament. は、国会前のデモ隊を四散させようとする騎馬警官に関するReuters 通信の記事から。
  5. walk-through は「一通りの説明」の意味。Hecker was given a quick walk-through of parts of the new enrichment plant and could not confirm whether the centrifuges were operating. は、11月に訪朝し、ウラン濃縮の新施設を案内された米スタンフォード大のヘッカー教授に関するヘラルド朝日の記事から。遠心分離機の稼働は確認できなかった。
  6. troubleshooter は「仲裁者、紛争調停者」の意味。Richard Holbrooke was a diplomatic troubleshooter who worked for every Democratic U.S. president since the late 1960s. は、アフガニスタン・パキスタン担当の米政府特別代表を務めたリチャード・ホルブルック氏の死去を伝えたヘラルド朝日の記事から。
  7. low-key は「地味な、控え目な」の意味。Christmas has had a lower-key feel in recent years as couples seek out inexpensive date options in these thrifty economic times.は、１都３県の20〜59才の男女に、クリスマスの過ごし方について尋ねた調査結果を伝えたReuters 通信の記事から。
III -b. 英語でどう言う？
通訳する
interpret
※As I don't speak French, my girlfriend interpreted for me.

手話で話す
talk in sign language
※Mari can talk in sign language with her hearing-impaired friends.

点字に訳す
put in braille
※I'm going to put these books in braille for the visually impaired.

やさしく言い換える
paraphrase
※His lecture was too difficult for me to understand. Could you paraphrase what he said?

III-c. News Glossary
Northern Territories
北方領土
In a move that provoked a sharp reaction from Tokyo, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev visited Kunashiri in the disputed Northern Territories off Hokkaido's eastern coast on Nov. 1.
　ロシアのメドベージェフ大統領が11月1日、北海道の東方沖にある日ロの係争地、北方領土の国後島を訪問したことに日本政府は激しく反発した。

IV. Jokes
a. We took our children to a restaurant named the Captain's Table. Our youngest went to the bathroom but soon returned, confused and embarrassed.
"Couldn't you find the way?" I asked him.
"Oh, I found it," he replied, legs crossed."But I don't know if I'm a buccaneer or a wench."

b. I was fiddling around the house early morning when I decided to climb back into bed with my sleeping husband. He stirred and asked, "Is it time to get up?"
"No. I just thought we could lie in bed."
"OK," he said. "I'm a billionaire. Your turn."

c. Both of my parents work and lead hectic lives. So my father was bound to forget their wedding anniversary.
Remembering at the last minute, he sped to the stationery store, flew through the door, and breathlessly asked the salesclerk, "Where are the anniversary cards?"
To his surprise, he heard my mother call out, "Over here, Bill."

d. Every day, as I took my dog for a walk through a local park, I saw a man hanging around drinking strong lager. He looked lonely so I tried to have a chat with him. His answers were blunt, either "yes" or "no" but I guessed it was because he was shy.
This went on for weeks until I asked if he ever got fed up standing in the same spot. At last, he gave me a longer reply: "No. If I drink in town people complain and the police arrest me. If I stand here, nobody bothers me. Except you!"

e. My buddy is a lousy golfer, but that doesn't stop him from playing. One day, on the first hole, he teed up, took a couple of practice swings, then swung in earnest and missed the ball entirely. He tried again and missed again. The third time was the charm. He swung … and really missed.
"You were right," he said, taking a breather. "This is a tough course."

f. Before going out to a movie, my husband and I stopped at the town dump to drop off some garbage. As I waited for him in our pickup truck, a man walked by. Glancing at my dress and jewellery, he said, "I hope this isn't your first date."

g. A friend was reading the newspaper when she asked, "What part of the body is the melee?"
"A melee isn't a part of the body," I said.
"I didn't think so, but it's right here in the paper."
"How's it used?"
"It says, 'A police officer was injured in the melee.'"

h. On my parents' 50th anniversary, I remarked to my father that he and Mum never seemed to fight.
"We battled," he said, "but it never amounted to much. After a while, one of us always realized I was wrong."

i. After browsing the restaurant menu, I had a question for the waitress. "About the salmon entree, is that a steak or a fillet?"
"Neither," she said. "It's a fish."


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