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資料No. ： NS101208
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When you have finished the book, _______ put it back on the shelf. (A) don't fail to (B) don't avoid to (C) never miss to (D) please fail not to 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He _______ speak the language, let alone read or write it. (A) hardly (B) can't hard (C) can hardly (D) can't hardly ３. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 My wife and I won't _______ forget that day. (A) ever (B) never (C) hardly (D) no more ４. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I don't suppose he's serious, _______? (A) do I (B) is he (C) has he (D) isn't he ５. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The sales manager seldom ever visits our branch, _______? (A) did he (B) does he (C) isn't it (D) doesn't it ６. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ they can meet the deadline or not is the question. (A) If (B) When (C) That (D) Whether ７. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I have _______ many CDs as Henry. (A) three times so (B) three time as (C) as three times (D) three times as (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 If structural steel had been used to reinforce the dam, it ----- less likely to fail in an earthquake. (A) will be (B) is (C) would have been (D) be 2. 空所補充問題 The musical genre represented by religious songs known as spirituals emerged ----- the experience of African Americans during the era of slavery. (A) upon (B) as with (C) away with (D) out of 3. 空所補充問題 Saturn, the sixth planet from the Sun, is the second -----. (A) larger (B) largest (C) large (D) largely 4. 空所補充問題 The original habitat of the Indian tribes that banded together ----- the Abnaki confederacy included Maine and parts of New Brunswick and Quebec. (A) formed (B) to form (C) had formed (D) did form 5. 空所補充問題 Willa Cather, ----- her novels about Nebraska and the American Southwest, is considered by many to have been one of America's best novelists. (A) being for best known (B) for best knowing (C) best known for (D) being known best 6. 正誤問題 The archeological record is (A)rich in remains of the ships used by ancient (B)Greek and (C)Romans, but almost entirely (D)lacking in artifacts of small boats. 7. 正誤問題 (A)To avoid exposure to harmful ultraviolet (B)rays, always (C)wearing a hat when outdoors (D)on sunny days. 8. 正誤問題 Water (A)says to (B)be 'softened' (C)when minerals are removed (D)from so-called 'hard' water. 9. 正誤問題 The notion (A)that a prayer or sacrifice (B)by human worshippers can influence (C)a deity is inconsistent (D)in the notion of an omnipotent God. 10. 正誤問題 The (A)pursue of (B)short-sighted political goals rarely (C)leads to effective (D)structural economic reform. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When you have finished the book, _______ put it back on the shelf. (A) don't fail to (B) don't avoid to (C) never miss to (D) please fail not to 訳：その本を読み終えたら、必ず書棚に戻しておいてください。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】否定の意味を表す慣用表現の問題。avoid や miss は to 不定詞を目的語にとることはない（動名詞はとる）ので、形を見た段階で候補からはずれる。問題は (A) と (D) だが、fail to 〜 （不注意などから〜しない）の場合、to 以下を否定の対象にすることはできない点に注意（ → × He failed not to come.）。ということで (A) の don't fail to 〜（〜しそこなうな＝必ず〜せよ）が正解。要するに、fail to の否定は「〜しないことはない」の意味で、結局「必ず〜する」という肯定的表現となるわけである。 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He _______ speak the language, let alone read or write it. (A) hardly (B) can't hard (C) can hardly (D) can't hardly 訳：彼は言葉を話すのもままならない。ましてや読んだり書いたりできないのは言うまでもない。 ※正解(Ｃ)。【着眼点】let alone ... は「ましてや…でないのは言うまでもない」の意で、否定文を受けて用いられる熟語。したがって、He ... language の部分が正しい否定文になるように選択肢を検討すればよい。正解は can hardly (speak) （＝ほとんど話せない）となる。 【選択肢】speak の主語は He（3人称・単数）であり、副詞だけの挿入では依然として呼応に問題があるため (A) は不可。(B) の hard（一生懸命に）は意味の面でも、位置の面でも不可（ → hard は動詞の後にくる）。(D) は否定語の hardly にさらに can't がついた二重否定で不可。 3.Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 My wife and I won't _______ forget that day. (A) ever (B) never (C) hardly (D) no more 訳：私たち夫婦はあの日のことを決して忘れないでしょう。 ※正解(A)。 【着眼点】won't とすでに否定語があるから、二重否定をつくる (B) 〜 (D) はすべて不可。「not ＋ ever」で never の意。二重否定は徹底攻略。 4.Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I don't suppose he's serious, _______? (A) do I (B) is he (C) has he (D) isn't he 訳：彼は本気じゃありませんよね。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】I（don't）suppose [think, believe, guess, etc.] (that) ... の構文では、付加疑問は主節のI（don't）thinkからではなくthat節のほうからつくられる。また、この構文では、I don't suppose (that) ... のように形式上は主節が否定されているが、実質上のnotの作用はthat節が受けるものと見なされる。したがって、I don't suppose he's serious. から付加疑問をつくる際は、I suppose he isn't serious. からつくるのと同じ要領で考えることになる。なお、以上述べたことは、主節の主語がIでsupposeなどの動詞が単純現在時制のときにのみ当てはまる。 5.Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The sales manager seldom ever visits our branch, _______? (A) did he (B) does he (C) isn't it (D) doesn't it 訳：販売部長がうちの支店に顔を出すことはまずないよね。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】先行節の主語は単数名詞で人 (sales manager) だから、付加疑問の部分にはheまたはsheが現れていないといけない。また、先行節の述語動詞は助動詞を含まない単純現在時制の一般動詞 (visits) であり、付加疑問の時制は先行節の時制に合わせるから、ここではdoesを用いることになる。seldomは生ずる位置によっては否定の力が弱まり、否定の付加疑問をとることもあるが、問題文のように動詞の前にきた場合は肯定の付加疑問が続いてさしつかえない。 6.Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ they can meet the deadline or not is the question. (A) If (B) When (C) That (D) Whether 訳：彼らが締め切りに間に合わせられるかどうかが問題だ。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】ＳＶ or notの節と結びついて全体として主語節を形成できるのは (D) のWhetherのみ。ifは主語節は導けない。 7.Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I have _______ many CDs as Henry. (A) three times so (B) three time as (C) as three times (D) three times as 訳：私はヘンリーの3倍多くのCDを持っている。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】原級を用いた倍数表現ではas ... asの最初のasの直前にtwice, three [four, five, etc.] timesなどの倍数詞が置かれる。したがって正解は (D)。 【選択肢】 (A) はsoが不可だが、これは倍数表現に限らないので注意（ → He is as [×so] tall as I.）。肯定文で用いられたas ... asをso ... asに代えた出題は誤文訂正問題でも頻出。(B) はtimeが単数形なので不可。(C) は語順が不可。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 If structural steel had been used to reinforce the dam, it ----- less likely to fail in an earthquake. (A) will be (B) is (C) would have been (D) be ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 If節にhad been used... が使われているので、空所にwould have beenを入れれば仮定法過去完了の文ができあがる。reinforce「強化する」。 2. 空所補充問題 The musical genre represented by religious songs known as spirituals emerged ----- the experience of African Americans during the era of slavery. (A) upon (B) as with (C) away with (D) out of ※正解(D)。【解説】 emergeの意味は「出現する、現れる」である。この後にout ofを続ければ「……の経験から出てきた」の意味になる。 3. 空所補充問題 Saturn, the sixth planet from the Sun, is the second -----. (A) larger (B) largest (C) large (D) largely ※正解(B)。【解説】 the secondの後に最上級largestを入れると「２番目に大きい」という意味になる。 4. 空所補充問題 The original habitat of the Indian tribes that banded together ----- the Abnaki confederacy included Maine and parts of New Brunswick and Quebec. (A) formed (B) to form (C) had formed (D) did form ※正解(B)。【解説】 問題文の動詞はincludedである。したがって、formed, had formed, did formは使えない。正解は(B) to formである。habitat「居住地」、band together「集団を形成する、結束する」。 5. 空所補充問題 Willa Cather, ----- her novels about Nebraska and the American Southwest, is considered by many to have been one of America's best novelists. (A) being for best known (B) for best knowing (C) best known for (D) being known best ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 knownの後に名詞her novels ... を続けることはできないので(A)は不可。for best knowing、being known bestでは意味が通らない。正解は(C) best known for「もっともよく知られている」である。 6. 正誤問題 The archeological record is (A)rich in remains of the ships used by ancient (B)Greek and (C)Romans, but almost entirely (D)lacking in artifacts of small boats. ※正解(B)。【解説】 Greek → Greeks。単数形Greekと複数形Romansが並んでいる。どちらかが間違っている。「ギリシャ、ローマの人々」の意味にするにはGreeks and Romansと複数形にしなくてはいけない。 7. 正誤問題 (A)To avoid exposure to harmful ultraviolet (B)rays, always (C)wearing a hat when outdoors (D)on sunny days. ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 wearing → wear。目的を表すto不定詞、ultraviolet rays「紫外線」に問題はない。wearingのままでは、この文の動詞がないことになる。ここはwearを用いて命令形にする。on sunny days「晴れた日には」。 8. 正誤問題 Water (A)says to (B)be 'softened' (C)when minerals are removed (D)from so-called 'hard' water. ※正解(A)。【解説】 says → is said。Water says ... は明らかにおかしい。Water is said to be... にすれば「水は……だと言われている」の意味になる。hard water「硬水」。 9. 正誤問題 The notion (A)that a prayer or sacrifice (B)by human worshippers can influence (C)a deity is inconsistent (D)in the notion of an omnipotent God. ※正解(D)。【解説】 in → with。接続詞that、前置詞byの用法に問題はない。この場合のdiety「神」は可算名詞である。be inconsistent「一致しない」の後に来る前置詞はinではなくwithである。omnipotent「全能の」。 10. 正誤問題 The (A)pursue of (B)short-sighted political goals rarely (C)leads to effective (D)structural economic reform. ※正解(A)。【解説】 pursue → pursuit。文頭のpursue「追求する」は動詞である。ここは名詞pursuitを使わなくてはいけない。 II.時事英文 Panama Canal (その11：全14回シリーズ) RICHARD RAEL: The two sides reached agreement quickly. The treaty was almost the same as the one the Colombian Senate had rejected earlier. This time, however, the canal zone would be sixteen kilometers wide, instead of ten. And the United States would get permanent control of the canal zone. The treaty was signed on November eighteenth, nineteen-oh-three. That was just fifteen days after Panama declared its independence. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う？ ハンドルを切る turn the steering wheel ※I turned the steering wheel quickly to the left to avoid a head-on collision. フロントガラスをふく clean the windshield ※I cleaned the windshield inside and out with a glass cleaner. 右にウインカーを出す flip the right-turn signal ※The driver flipped the right-turn signal and swerved into the passing lane. サイドブレーキを引く put on the emergency brake ※Don't forget to put on the emergency brake whenever you park on a hill. III-c. News Glossary Nobel Prize in Chemistry ノーベル化学賞 Japanese researchers Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki, along with American Richard Heck, won the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The three were honored for their research in "palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis." 日本人研究者の根岸栄一氏と鈴木章氏が、米国人のリチャード・ヘック氏と共に2010年のノーベル化学賞を受賞することになった。『有機合成におけるパラジウム触媒クロスカップリング』の研究が授賞理由だ。 IV. Jokes a. We were having hot dogs with our five-year-old grandson, Logan. He passed the mustard to Grandma, and she said, "I am not too crazy about mustard." Logan asked, "How crazy are you, Grandma?" b. A 93-year-old friend was telling my young grandson the dramatic story of her husband's ship being torpedoed in the First World War and how he was adrift at sea for six days before being rescued. "Why didn't he just use his mobile?" my grandson asked. c. My elderly uncle passed away recently. In the latter part of his life, he often complained about his neighbor who was always asking to borrow things. I had the sad duty of informing this man of the funeral details. The chap gave his heartfelt condolences and thanked me for letting him know about the service, then added, "Oh, by the way, could I borrow your uncle's black tie?" d. My husband decided to install a light switch in our master bedroom. Cutting into the wall, he discovered a stash of bottles and boxes. "Darling!" he called out excitedly. "Come and see what I've found!" I ran in and quickly realized that his next task would be to fix the hole he had made in the back of out medicine cabinet. e. Sitting in economy during a lengthy flight, my wife and I heard an air steward ask the high paying passengers in first class, "Would you care for Chardonnay or Burgundy?" A few minutes later, the curtains between the two sections parted and the attendant wheeled the wine trolley back to our aisle. "Excuse me," he said, looking down at us, "Would you like a glass of wine? We have white and red." f. Driving along a country road, I ignored a sign that said the bridge was out, and decided to drive on. But in a few kilometers I came to a stop: The road was completely barricaded. So I turned around and retraced my route. That's when I saw this sign on the back of the first: "It was, wasn't it?" g. My wife and I were spending a lazy afternoon on the sofa watching the 1930s version of King Kong. The film had nearly finished and the giant monkey was standing on top of the Empire State Building swatting at the biplanes that were trying to shoot him down. My wife turned to me and asked innocently, "Is this based on a true story?" |