|
資料No. ： NS101020
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Last Wednesday, six of our cars were returned in an _______ condition. (A) absolutely wretchedlily (B) absolutely wretchedly (C) absolute wretchedly (D) absolutely wretched 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Recently _______ paid me a visit. (A) one of distant relatives (B) that my distant relative (C) the distant relative of mine (D) a distant relative of mine 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The cerebrum has two hemispheres, which are mirror images _______. (A) each other (B) one another (C) of each other (D) to one another 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When she threatened to leave him, Tony thought _______ was only a bluff. (A) he (B) she (C) it (D) itself 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I think all managers must help _______ employee develop his or her potential. (A) each one of the (B) every of their (C) an every (D) each 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Dr. Schneider has been engaged in _______ for ten years. (A) making cancer research (B) many cancer researches (C) a cancer research (D) cancer research 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Please be sure to include _______ on the application form. (A) all information (B) all the informations (C) your all information (D) the all pieces of information (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Carbon is an element ----- no known form of life would be possible. (A) unless with (B) without which (C) not with it (D) what is without 2. 空所補充問題 Ratings researchers monitor the television viewing habits of typical households to help them estimate ----- people watch a given program nationwide. (A) how many (B) how much of (C) of how many (D) many of the 3. 空所補充問題 Many of the world's central banks ----- entirely private-sector entities that attained official status after gradually becoming deeply involved in government finance. (A) had them (B) they were (C) did their (D) were once 4. 空所補充問題 Experimental evidence ----- that infants are not born with the ability to perceive the full spectrum of colors. (A) indicates (B) indicating (C) was indicated (D) is indicating 5. 空所補充問題 Fiber optic technology can be used not only to boost telecommunications speeds, ----- the effectiveness of medical treatment. (A) but improving (B) but to improve (C) but also improving (D) but also to improve 6. 正誤問題 (A)Unless it attains (B)a speed exceeding seven miles (C)in second, a spacecraft will not escape (D)the earth's gravitational pull. 7. 正誤問題 Pearls are the result of (A)a defensive reaction (B)among shellfish that protects (C)it from abrasive irritants (D)such as sand. 8. 正誤問題 (A)Because of (B)its resilience and bounce, cork (C)uses for the core of the standard baseball (D)used in most professional leagues. 9. 正誤問題 Ancient Egyptian physicians were renowned (A)throughout (B)the Mediterranean and Middle East (C)with (D)their skill. 10. 正誤問題 (A)The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (B)have calculated Wholesale Price Index figures (C)dating (D)back to 1890. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Last Wednesday, six of our cars were returned in an _______ condition. (A) absolutely wretchedlily (B) absolutely wretchedly (C) absolute wretchedly (D) absolutely wretched 訳：この前の水曜、うちの会社で貸し出した車の6台が目もあてられないひどい状態で戻ってきた。（※レンタカー会社 (car rental company) の話であろう） ※正解(D)。【着眼点】「冠詞 (an) _____ 名詞 (condition) 」とあって_____に2語入るとすると、「形＋形」か「副＋形」の組み合わせが考えられる。したがって、(D) の「absolutely（完全に、すっかり［全く］）＋wretched（ひどい、目もあてられない）」という「副＋形」のペアが正解。 【選択肢】wretchedの副詞がwretchedlyであり (A) のwretchedlilyは存在しない。(B) のように前の副詞が後の副詞を修飾すること自体は可能だが、後に名詞がひかえているので形容詞がないとおかしい（ → 副詞は名詞を修飾しない）。 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Recently _______ paid me a visit. (A) one of distant relatives (B) that my distant relative (C) the distant relative of mine (D) a distant relative of mine 訳：ついこのあいだ、遠い親戚にあたる人が訪ねてきた。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】後置所有格の問題。 【選択肢】one ofの後はone of my relativesなどのように定名詞句がくる。 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The cerebrum has two hemispheres, which are mirror images _______. (A) each other (B) one another (C) of each other (D) to one another 訳：大脳には右脳と左脳があり、それらは互いに鏡像を成している。 ※正解(Ｃ)。【着眼点】cerebrum（大脳）は中央に深い縦の溝があって2つに分かれているが、その脳の半球 (hemispheres) どうしが互いに鏡に映した場合のような左右対称の像 (mirror images) を成している、ということを述べた文。each otherとone anotherは「互い」を意味する「相互#代名詞#」であり、「#互いに#」のような副詞句ではない。また、これらは動詞や前置詞の目的語となるのがふつうで、主語としては用いられない。 【選択肢】前置詞を介さない (A), (B) は不可。「〜を鏡に映したような (image) 」はof 〜であり、to 〜とは言わない。 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When she threatened to leave him, Tony thought _______ was only a bluff. (A) he (B) she (C) it (D) itself 訳：彼女が別れるとおどしをかけてきたとき、ただのはったりだろうとトニーは思った。 ※正解(Ｃ)。【着眼点】threaten to 〜 は「〜すると言っておどしをかける」で、leave himはここでは「彼と別れる」の意。himは後方照応的用法でTonyを指す。Tony thought以下はsheのおどしに対するTonyの内心の反応だが_____ (S) was (V) a bluff (C) → S = C → bluff=「はったり」の流れで考えるとitが正解とわかる。itは「彼女が行ったおどし行為」を指す（ → itは先行文脈の「内容」を受けて用いることも可能）。 【選択肢】「人＝a bluff」も「単独再帰代名詞＝主語」も成立しない。 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I think all managers must help _______ employee develop his or her potential. (A) each one of the (B) every of their (C) an every (D) each 訳：管理職にある人間は皆、各社員が自己の潜在的能力を開発できるよう援助していかねばならないと思う。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】空所の後のemployeeは可算名詞の#単数形#。「each (one) of the＋名詞」の形式自体は存在するが、#この場合の名詞は複数#でないといけない。したがって (A) は不可。everyは代名詞用法をもたず、また冠詞を伴うこともないので (B), (C) も誤り。eachを形容詞で用いて単数名詞のemployeeにかける (D) であれば問題はない。 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Dr. Schneider has been engaged in _______ for ten years. (A) making cancer research (B) many cancer researches (C) a cancer research (D) cancer research 訳：シュナイダー博士は10年来ガン研究に従事している。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】research（研究）の語法は少々やっかいで、基本的には不可算だが、複数形で用いることも可能。ただし、複数形の場合でもmanyや数詞と結びつくのは通例不可。数えるにはtwo[three...] pieces of researchのような形をとる必要がある。なお、a researchという言い方もしない。 【選択肢】(A) については、そもそもmake research自体が誤った言い回し（ → do researchとは言う）。 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Please be sure to include _______ on the application form. (A) all information (B) all the informations (C) your all information (D) the all pieces of information 訳：申し込み用紙にはすべてにわたって記入漏れのなきようにお書きください。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】all, some, noなどは可算名詞の他に不可算名詞とも結びつく（with all speed（全速力で））。informationが不可算名詞であることは完全に頭に入れておくべき。 【選択肢】allは他の限定詞に先行する場合はよい（all the[your] 〜 ）が後続する形は不可 （×the [your] all 〜 ）なので (C), (D) は消える。(B) は不可算のinformationが複数形になっている点で不可。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Carbon is an element ----- no known form of life would be possible. (A) unless with (B) without which (C) not with it (D) what is without ※正解(B)。【解説】 空所を挟んで２つの文が並列されている。後半の文の主語はno known form of lifeである。この前にwith, with it, withoutが来ては文が成立しなくなる。正解はwithout whichである。carbon「炭素」。 2. 空所補充問題 Ratings researchers monitor the television viewing habits of typical households to help them estimate ----- people watch a given program nationwide. (A) how many (B) how much of (C) of how many (D) many of the ※正解(A)。【解説】 可算名詞peopleの前にmuchは使えない。動詞estimateは前置詞ofを取ることはない。また、many of theを使う場合には、その前になんらかの接続詞が必要となる。正解は(A)である。 3. 空所補充問題 Many of the world's central banks ----- entirely private-sector entities that attained official status after gradually becoming deeply involved in government finance. (A) had them (B) they were (C) did their (D) were once ※正解(D)。【解説】 had themの後に名詞句が続くのはおかしい。they wereでは主語が重複すことになる。were onceを空所に入れれば意味が通る。attain「獲得する」。 4. 空所補充問題 Experimental evidence ----- that infants are not born with the ability to perceive the full spectrum of colors. (A) indicates (B) indicating (C) was indicated (D) is indicating ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所にはこの文の動詞（現在形）が入るのは明らか。したがって、(B)と(C)は除外できる。indicate「表す、示す」はここでは進行形にする必要はない。perceive「知覚する」、spectrum「スペクトル」。 5. 空所補充問題 Fiber optic technology can be used not only to boost telecommunications speeds, ----- the effectiveness of medical treatment. (A) but improving (B) but to improve (C) but also improving (D) but also to improve ※正解(D)。【解説】 not onlyとその後に不定詞toが来ている点に注目。空所にはそれを受けてbut also toが入ることになる。fiber optic technology「光ファイバーテクノロジー」、effectiveness「有効性」。 6. 正誤問題 (A)Unless it attains (B)a speed exceeding seven miles (C)in second, a spacecraft will not escape (D)the earth's gravitational pull. ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 in → per/a。接続詞Unlessと冠詞a、所有格the earth'sに問題はない。in secondではなくper/a secondにしなければ「毎秒」の意味にはならない。 7. 正誤問題 Pearls are the result of (A)a defensive reaction (B)among shellfish that protects (C)it from abrasive irritants (D)such as sand. ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 it → them。冠詞a、前置詞amongに問題はない。itは何を指しているのか。Pearlsである。したがって、itではなくthemにしなけらばならない。such as... 「……のような」、abrasive「すり減らす」、irritant「刺激物」。 8. 正誤問題 (A)Because of (B)its resilience and bounce, cork (C)uses for the core of the standard baseball (D)used in most professional leagues. ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 uses → is used。Because ofとcorkを指すitsに問題はない。文意からして、usesはis used（受け身）になるはずである。usedの前にはthat/which isが略されている。resilience「弾性」、bounce「反発力」。 9. 正誤問題 Ancient Egyptian physicians were renowned (A)throughout (B)the Mediterranean and Middle East (C)with (D)their skill. ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 with → for。be renowned for... 「……で有名である」を知っているかどうかがポイント。 10. 正誤問題 (A)The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (B)have calculated Wholesale Price Index figures (C)dating (D)back to 1890. ※正解(B)。【解説】 have → has。Statisticsにつられてhaveとしてはいけない。この文の主語は単数The United States Bureau... である。 II.時事英文 Panama Canal (その4：全14回シリーズ) Then a volcano exploded in the Caribbean area. A city was destroyed. Thirty-thousand people were killed. Soon, reports said another volcano had become active and was threatening a town. The volcano was in Nicaragua. Nicaragua's president denied there were any active volcanoes in his country. But one of Nicaragua's postal stamps showed a picture of an exploding volcano. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う？ 定年になる reach retirement age ※My father retired because he reached retirement age last year. 左遷される be demoted ※After a series of big mistakes on the job, my colleague was demoted to a post in a local branch. 失業する lose one's job ※I lost my job because my company went under last year. ハローワークに通う visit the job placement office ※I visit the job placement office once a week to look for a job suitable for me. III-c. News Glossary organ transplant 臓器移植 Under the revised law on organ transplantation that went into full effect on July 17, organs of people declared brain-dead may be donated with the consent of family members even if the intent of the patient is unknown. 7月17日に全面施行された改正臓器移植法によって、脳死と判定された人の臓器提供が、本人の意思が不明でも家族が同意すれば可能になった。 IV. Jokes a. We were at a friend's party one day when my three-year-old daughter stuck her tongue out at someone. I chided her and told her that it wasn't very nice thing to do, to which she replied sweetly, "I wasn't sticking out my tongue, Mummy. I was just cleaning my lips." b. I work as a piano teacher who makes house calls. As I left one student's house last week, the nanny asked me how many people I teach each day. I replied, "Between five and seven." My eight-year-old student, Olivia, piped up immediately, "I know that number: It's six!" c. Playtime at a teacher friend's infant school. A girl approached him and wailed, "A boy just called me a horrible name." "What was it?" he asked. "I can't say. It was too rude." "OK. Just tell me the first letter." "C." My friend could only think of one very nasty possibility for what the youngster meant and he realized he'd have to find out exactly what had been said. "If you whisper the name in my ear," he told the sobbing child, "I won't tell anyone you said it." She bent forward and murmured, "Chubby!" d. I love making clothes for my five-year-old granddaughter. And she, in turn, always seems happy to accept them. The other day, I asked if she would like me to make a skirt. "Yes," she said. "But this time, could you make it look like it came from a store?" e. When our son, Joe, turned six, my husband and I decided it was high time for him to ditch his Winnie the Pooh underwear for something a bit more studly. So I bought him some Incredible Hulk briefs. When Loe got home, he found the package lying on his bed. "Finally!" he exulted. "Adult underwear!" f. For his birthday we gave our three-year-old son a Darth Vander costume. He put it on excitedly and told my husband in his best Darth Vander voice: "Daddy, I am your father." |