資料No. : NS100915  

I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題
(1) TOEIC
1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
She just didn't have _______ to ask for a raise.
(A) the nerve (B) the plan (C) the gut (D) the feel

2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
I was happy that I _______ work so early this afternoon.
(A) got there (B) got home (C) got off (D) got in

3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
New York's Big Apple Bank _______ that 75 scheduled layoffs have been avoided.
(A) described (B) spoke (C) told (D) announced

4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
I couldn't believe how _______ Tom solved the puzzle.
(A) haste (B) speedy (C) quickly (D) swift

5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Those _______ looking clouds mean a storm is coming.
(A) mysterious (B) ominous (C) menace (D) trouble

6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Her husband was _______ to her plans for divorce.
(A) knowledge (B) scheming (C) oblivious (D) secret

7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Everyone at the party was in a _______ mood.
(A) festive (B) fertile (C) furtive (D) furious

(2) TOEFL
1. 空所補充問題
An ellipse differs from an oval in that it contains ----- straight lines.
(A) not (B) nor (C) none (D) no

2. 空所補充問題
----- they were deciphered in detail for the first time in 1822 by Jean-Francois Champollion, Egyptian hieroglyphics were a total mystery to most scholars.
(A) At last (B) Finally (C) In time (D) Until

3. 空所補充問題
In speed chess, each side has five minutes of ----- playing time in order to complete the game.
(A) totally (B) total (C) in total (D) totality

4. 空所補充問題
The Precambrian period, -----, includes the time before the Cambrian period.
(A) the name implies it (B) it implies the name (C) as the name implies (D) when the name implies

5. 空所補充問題
The mercury and sulfuric acid used in gold mining is considered by environmentalists ----- among the main sources of river pollution.
(A) to be (B) what is (C) the (D) of the

6. 正誤問題
T-Bone Walker is known (A)within blues fans (B)as one of the first (C)guitarists in the genre to use (D)an electric guitar.

7. 正誤問題
The insulating properties of down feathers (A)are partly due to (B)its ability (C)to temporarily immobilize tiny pockets of air, (D)which discourages heat conductivity.

8. 正誤問題
There are (A)still no major (B)practically applications for the ability to generate light (C)by directing intense sound waves into (D)an air bubble in water.

9. 正誤問題
(A)If electrical power supplies were (B)seriously disrupted, the effects (C)in advanced industrial nations (D)will be catastrophic.

10. 正誤問題
The eyeball is equipped (A)with an inner lining (B)that reflects the full spectrum of visible light, (C)where results in (D)its white outer appearance.

I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答
(1) TOEIC
1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
She just didn't have _______ to ask for a raise.
(A) the nerve (B) the plan (C) the gut (D) the feel
訳:彼女には賃上げを要求する度胸がなかっただけです。
※正解(A)。(A)か(C)で迷いそう。have the nerve は「神経が図太いこと」。gut は「内臓」。複数形 guts には「ガッツ、根性」の意がある。

2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
I was happy that I _______ work so early this afternoon.
(A) got there (B) got home (C) got off (D) got in
訳:今日の午後はこんなに早く仕事が済んで嬉しい。
※正解(C)。happy なのは「仕事が済んだ」時。「…から離れる」のニュアンスを持つものを考える。日本語でも「オフ」という語は使う。

3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
New York's Big Apple Bank _______ that 75 scheduled layoffs have been avoided.
(A) described (B) spoke (C) told (D) announced
訳:ニューヨークのビッグアップル銀行は、予定されていた 75 人の解雇は回避することができたと発表した。
※正解(D)。単語力が勝負となる。それぞれ動詞の意味を理解していないと苦しい。(A)の described は「描写する」。

4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
I couldn't believe how _______ Tom solved the puzzle.
(A) haste (B) speedy (C) quickly (D) swift
訳:トムがあんなに速くパズルを解くなんて信じられなかった。
※正解(C)。「速く」は副詞でなければならない。(B)は speedily、(D)は swiftly であれば考えうる。

5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Those _______ looking clouds mean a storm is coming.
(A) mysterious (B) ominous (C) menace (D) trouble
訳:あの不吉な雲は嵐が来ることを示している。
※正解(B)。知っている単語で、意味が不自然なものから除去する。menace は「脅威」。

6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Her husband was _______ to her plans for divorce.
(A) knowledge (B) scheming (C) oblivious (D) secret
訳:彼女の夫は、彼女の離婚の計画に関心がなかった。
※正解(C)。「人+ was ... to 〜」のパターンにあてはまる語をさがし出す。be oblivious to ... で、「…に無関心な」の意。

7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題
Everyone at the party was in a _______ mood.
(A) festive (B) fertile (C) furtive (D) furious
訳:パーティーの全員がお祭りムードでした。
※正解(A)。party での話だから、fury「怒り」から派生している語よりも、festival「祭り」に関連した語を選びたい。

(2) TOEFL
1. 空所補充問題
An ellipse differs from an oval in that it contains ----- straight lines.
(A) not (B) nor (C) none (D) no
※正解(D)。【解説】 空所とstraight linesが動詞containsの目的語になる。not、nor、noneは名詞句straight linesの前では使えない。ellipse「楕円」。

2. 空所補充問題
----- they were deciphered in detail for the first time in 1822 by Jean-Francois Champollion, Egyptian hieroglyphics were a total mystery to most scholars.
(A) At last (B) Finally (C) In time (D) Until
※正解(D)。【解説】 この文の主節はEgyptian hieroglyphics were... である。このことから文頭の空所には接続詞が入るのではないかと予想できる。In timeでは意味が通らない。正解は(D) Untilである。decipher「解読する」、hieroglyphics「象形文字」。

3. 空所補充問題
In speed chess, each side has five minutes of ----- playing time in order to complete the game.
(A) totally (B) total (C) in total (D) totality
※正解(B)。【解説】 名詞句playing timeの前に来るのは形容詞である。正解は(B)のtotalである。

4. 空所補充問題
The Precambrian period, -----, includes the time before the Cambrian period.
(A) the name implies it (B) it implies the name (C) as the name implies (D) when the name implies
※正解(C)。【解説】 この文の主語はThe Precambrian period、動詞はincludesである。the name implies itとit implies the nameを空所に入れると、主語と動詞がダブルことになる。when the name impliesでは意味が通らない。正解は(C) as the name implies「その名が示すように」。Precambrian「先カンブリア時代の」。

5. 空所補充問題
The mercury and sulfuric acid used in gold mining is considered by environmentalists ----- among the main sources of river pollution.
(A) to be (B) what is (C) the (D) of the
※正解(A)。【解説】 動詞considerに注目。be considered to be ... で「……とみなされている」の意味になる。sulfuric acid「硫酸」。

6. 正誤問題
T-Bone Walker is known (A)within blues fans (B)as one of the first (C)guitarists in the genre to use (D)an electric guitar.
※正解(A)。【解説】 within → among。be known among... as〜で「……の間では〜として知られている」の意味になる。withinはamongにしなくてはならない。複数形guitaristsと冠詞anに問題はない。

7. 正誤問題
The insulating properties of down feathers (A)are partly due to (B)its ability (C)to temporarily immobilize tiny pockets of air, (D)which discourages heat conductivity.
※正解(B)。【解説】 its → their。areはpropertiesに呼応している。itsは何を指しているか? 複数形のdown feathersである。したがって、itsではなくtheirを使う。不定詞to、関係代名詞whichの用法に誤りはない。

8. 正誤問題
There are (A)still no major (B)practically applications for the ability to generate light (C)by directing intense sound waves into (D)an air bubble in water.
※正解(B)。【解説】 practically → practical。名詞applicationsの前の副詞practicallyに問題がある。ここは形容詞practicalを用いる。副詞still、前置詞by、冠詞anの用法に誤りはない。

9. 正誤問題
(A)If electrical power supplies were (B)seriously disrupted, the effects (C)in advanced industrial nations (D)will be catastrophic.
※正解(D)。【解説】 will → would。If... wereが使われていることに注目。これは仮定法過去の文であるので、willはwouldにしなけらばならない。disrupt「中断させる」。

10. 正誤問題
The eyeball is equipped (A)with an inner lining (B)that reflects the full spectrum of visible light, (C)where results in (D)its white outer appearance.
※正解(C)。【解説】 where → which。be equipped with... で「……が付いている」の意味になる。関係代名詞that、代名詞itsの用法に問題はない。関係副詞whereは関係代名詞whichにしなければ文が繋がらない。

II.時事英文
Words and Their Stories: Belittle (その3全4回シリーズ)
Noah Webster, the American word expert, liked this word. He put it in his English language dictionary in eighteen-oh-six. 'Belittle - to make small, unimportant.'

Americans had already accepted Jefferson's word and started to use it. In seventeen ninety-seven, the Independent Chronicle newspaper used the word to describe a politician the paper supported. "He is an honorable man," the paper wrote, "so let the opposition try to belittle him as much as they please."

III - a. 雑知識
1.

reality check は「現実を直視すること」の意味。米ネット通販大手アマゾンは7月19日、同社の通販サイトでの電子書籍の販売冊数が、ハードカバーを抜いたと発表した。ハードカバー本の愛好家についてヘラルド朝日の記事が、Book lovers mourning the demise of hardcover books need a reality check. と伝えた。
2.

worlds apart は「非常にかけ離れて」の意味の決まり文句。"... it struck me that although it may be a thin line, these two places are worlds apart." は、クリントン米国務長官の韓国訪問に関するヘラルド朝日の記事から。韓国と北朝鮮の軍事境界線を視察した際、発展を遂げた韓国と孤立する北朝鮮を対比したコメント。
3.

be on the same page は「目指すものが同じである」の意味。キャメロン英首相は7月20日、オバマ米大統領とホワイトハウスで会談し、アフガニスタン情勢で歩調を合わせていることを強調した。ヘラルド朝日の記事が、David Cameron did his best to sound as though he and Obama were on the same page. と伝えた。
4.

black market のように非合法ではないが、メーカーから正規に品物を仕入れていない「半合法的市場」を gray market と言う。The price of the official iPhones is too high compared to that on the gray market. は、中国で販売されている iPhone に関するヘラルド朝日の記事から。正規品の価格は非正規品よりもかなり高めだという。
5.

belt-tightening は、ベルトをきつくして空腹を我慢することから、「緊縮予算」や「支出削減」といった意味で使われる。Europe's major economies are focusing on belt-tightening.は、年金や公務員給与の大幅カットなどをはじめとする緊縮財政に動いている欧州諸国について述べたヘラルド朝日の記事から。
6.

football には「駆け引きの道具」の意味がある。It is crucial that aid to North Korea is not used as a political football by donor countries. は、危機的な状況にある北朝鮮の医療の現状を報告したアムネスティ・インターナショナルに関する Reuters 通信の記事から。援助を政治的な駆け引きにしてはならないことを述べたもの。
7.

by leaps and bounds は成長などが「急速に、飛躍的に」の意味の慣用表現。Germany is China's biggest trading partner by far in Europe, and the trade is increasing by leaps and bounds. は、急速に拡大しているドイツの中国との貿易について伝えたヘラルド朝日の記事から。

III -b. 英語でどう言う?
まばたきをする
blink one's eyes
※Rie blinked her eyes to hold back her tears.

目をこする
rub one's eyes
※While studying, Daniel felt sleepy and took off his glasses to rub his eyes.

鼻をつまむ
hold one's nose
※The public toilet at the station is so smelly that I always hold my nose whenever I use it.

鼻をほじる
pick one's nose
※Mother told her son not to pick his nose in front of others.

III-c. News Glossary
twist Diet
ねじれ国会
Kan faces twisted Diet - He must win over opponents.
 菅首相、ねじれ国会に直面。野党の協力取り付けが必須。

IV. Jokes
a. As we neared the end of our three-week holiday, my wife phoned home. She asked our teenage daughter if she had varied her usual junk food diet with something green.
"Only the bread," she answered.

b. It was the end of my college nursing course and our class was asked to choose two inspirational songs for our graduation ceremony. We chose "You'll Never Walk Alone" and "Climb Every Mountain."
On the big evening, a nervous master of ceremonies announced, "The soloist will now sing for us two songs that best represent our thoughts for the future: "Climb Every Mountain" and "You'll Never Walk Again."

c. A young girl was pulling hideous faces at her sister in the park. "You know," her mother told her, "When I was a little girl your gran said that if I pulled faces and the wind shifted, I could stay like that."
The girl looked at her for a moment then replied, "Well, you can't say you weren't warned."

d. Up on the screen at our local multiplex, the star whispered to his female co-star, "I want you to be my mistress."
"What's a mistress?" my eight-year-old granddaughter yelled out.
Then the man gave the woman a passionate kiss.
"Never mind," granddaughter said.

e. While on a round-the-world trip when I was a student, I boarded a particularly cheap flight from Zambia to South Africa.
I began to doubt the wisdom of this when the take-off was rather bumpy and the plane began to shake. My doubts were confirmed when the intercom crackled to life.
"This is your captain speaking," came a voice. "We are now travelling at errr … at errr … aqt errr very high!"

f. Even at age 88, my mother was vain about her looks. At a party, an old friend exclaimed, "Edith, you haven't changed in 20 years."
"Oh," said Mum, horrified. "I hope I didn't look like this 20 years ago."



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