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資料No. ： NS100707
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He seemed really nervous before he _______ his report. (A) prevaricated (B) was advised (C) presented (D) spoke 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 With the uncertainty in the market, I advise you to invest _______. (A) cautiously (B) confidently (C) disastrously (D) certainly 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A clone refers to one or more offspring derived from a single ancestor, _______ genetic composition is identical to that of the ancestor. (A) such as (B) even if (C) because (D) whose 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It was Mr. White _______ called this morning, he said he would call back around 3 p.m. (A) to be (B) that (C) what (D) to whom 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In olden times the total power _______ to mankind was little more than the muscular power of the workers. (A) applicable (B) formidable (C) suitable (D) available 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Although the project was well-received by the management, it was later postponed _______ a lack of funding. (A) regardless of (B) due to (C) as for (D) so that 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 As manufacture becomes cheaper and less local, transport and labor costs have risen, and recycling has become _______ economic. (A) more (B) still (C) less (D) much (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The U.S. presidential election of 2000 was the first in a century in which the candidate who lost the popular vote -----. (A) won the election (B) winning the election (C) he won the election (D) was winning the election 2. 空所補充問題 Working conditions and wages are issues that have had a major importance in the national politics of Argentina since -----. (A) more than a century (B) over 100 years (C) a century or more (D) the late 1800s 3. 空所補充問題 Hypnotism, once known as 'mesmerism', is still a ----- understood psychological phenomenon. (A) poor (B) poorly (C) poorest (D) poorer 4. 空所補充問題 Eskimos traditionally made canoes known as kayaks by fastening animal skins to a wooden frame and ----- them. (A) to stretch (B) stretch (C) stretched (D) stretching 5. 空所補充問題 It has often been said that ----- who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat it. (A) them (B) theirs (C) those (D) their 6. 正誤問題 (A)During the tulip craze in Europe several centuries (B)ago, the bulbs of certain varieties of the flower (C)were (D)valuable fortunes. 7. 正誤問題 (A)Polymers are formed by (B)to link (C)relatively simple segments together (D)into long chains or strings. 8. 正誤問題 (A)Without proper training, children can be (B)successfully taught to swim (C)as early as one year after (D)birth. 9. 正誤問題 (A)Had invented movable type thousands of years (B)before other civilizations, Chinese technicians never fully exploited (C)its potential as (D)a public medium. 10. 正誤問題 (A)One of the truisms of computer science is (B)that processing power (C)to double every 18 months, as prices drop (D)by half. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL 練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He seemed really nervous before he _______ his report. (A) prevaricated (B) was advised (C) presented (D) spoke 訳：彼は自分の報告書を発表する前はとても緊張しているように見えた。 ※正解(C)。(A) は少し難しい単語ですが、「言い逃れをする」という意味の自動詞です。(B) は on や about などの前置詞が必要です。(D) の speak はある言語や言葉を話すときにしか使いません。 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 With the uncertainty in the market, I advise you to invest _______. (A) cautiously (B) confidently (C) disastrously (D) certainly 訳：市場が不安定なので、投機は慎重にしたほうがいいですよ。 ※正解(A)。「市場が不安定だ」と言っているのですから、気をつけるように勧める表現がくると考えられます。(B)「大胆に」、(C)「悲惨に」、(D)「確かに」では文意が通りません。 3. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A clone refers to one or more offspring derived from a single ancestor, _______ genetic composition is identical to that of the ancestor. (A) such as (B) even if (C) because (D) whose 訳：クローンとは1人の祖先から生じた1人かそれ以上の子孫を言い、その遺伝子構成はその祖先と同一である。 ※正解(D)。《解説》だれのgenetic composition「遺伝子構成」であるかを空所に入れる語によって明らかにする。内容的には当然「クローンの遺伝子構成」ということになり、A cloneを先行詞として、関係代名詞のwhoseを非制限用法で用いればよい。refer to「〜を指して言う」、offspring「子孫」、ancestor「祖先」 《選択肢》(A) such as「〜のような」、(B) even if「たとえ〜でも」 4. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It was Mr. White _______ called this morning, he said he would call back around 3 p.m. (A) to be (B) that (C) what (D) to whom 訳：今朝、電話をかけてきたのはホワイト氏で3時ごろまたかけ直すと言っていました。 ※正解(B)。《解説》calledの主語は内容的にはMr. White以外にはない。そのことを踏まえて文の形を見れば、Mr. Whiteを強調したIt was 〜 that ...の強調構文であることが容易に見抜けるはずである。強調構文のthatは関係代名詞のthatとは違うので、混乱しないようにしたい。 5. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In olden times the total power _______ to mankind was little more than the muscular power of the workers. (A) applicable (B) formidable (C) suitable (D) available 訳：昔は人類が利用できる力の総量は労働者の筋力をほとんど上回るものではなかった。 ※正解(D)。《解説》the total power「総体的な力」を後ろから修飾する形容詞を選ぶ。選択肢の語はどれも-ableの接尾辞をもつが、-ableは動詞につけて形容詞を作り、「…できる, …に適するなど」の意味にする。ここでは(D) のavailable 「利用できる」を選ぶ。 《選択肢》(A) applicable「当てはまる」, (B) formidable「恐ろしい」, (C) suitable「適当な」 6. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Although the project was well-received by the management, it was later postponed _______ a lack of funding. (A) regardless of (B) due to (C) as for (D) so that 訳：その企画を経営陣は喜んで受理したが、後でそれは資金不足により先送りされた。 ※正解(B)。《解説》内容的にa lack of funding「資金不足」がit was later postponed「それは後に先送りされた」ことの理由になっている。したがって、空所には理由を表す群前置詞を置く。理由を表すのはdue to「〜のために」。 《選択肢》(A) regardless of「〜にもかかわらず」、(C) as for「〜に関して」 7. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 As manufacture becomes cheaper and less local, transport and labor costs have risen, and recycling has become _______ economic. (A) more (B) still (C) less (D) much 訳：生産のコストが安くなりその集中化が進むにつれ、輸送や労働のコストは上昇し、リサイクルはより経済的でなくなってきている。 ※正解(C)。《解説》接続詞のAsはここでは後ろに比較級の文を従えて、「〜するにつれて、ますます…である」という文を作っている。問題箇所は「ますます経済的になる (more economic) 」とするのか、「ますます経済的でなくなる (less economic) 」とするのか、文全体の内容からよく判断する。 《選択肢》(B) と (D) のstill, muchはいずれも比較級の強調に用いられる。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The U.S. presidential election of 2000 was the first in a century in which the candidate who lost the popular vote -----. (A) won the election (B) winning the election (C) he won the election (D) was winning the election ※正解(A)。【解説】 which節の中ではthe candidate who lost the popular voteが主語になっている。したがって、空所にはこの文の動詞が来ることになる。正解は（A） won the electionである。意味からしてwas winningと進行形にする必要はない。popular vote「一般投票」。 2. 空所補充問題 Working conditions and wages are issues that have had a major importance in the national politics of Argentina since -----. (A) more than a century (B) over 100 years (C) a century or more (D) the late 1800s ※正解(D)。【解説】 この場合のsinceの意味は「……以来」。動詞部はhave had ... と完了形になっているので、「……以来ずっと〜してきた」という意味になるはずである。（A）と（B）は同じような意味を表すので、この２つは除外できる。since over... という表現では意味が通らない。正解は（D） the late 1800s「1800年後半」である。 3. 空所補充問題 Hypnotism, once known as 'mesmerism', is still a ----- understood psychological phenomenon. (A) poor (B) poorly (C) poorest (D) poorer ※正解(B)。【解説】 understood（過去分詞形）は、この場合、形容詞的に用いられている。そのunderstoodを修飾するには副詞を使わなくてはならない。正解は、（B） poorlyである。hypnotism「催眠（術）」。 4. 空所補充問題 Eskimos traditionally made canoes known as kayaks by fastening animal skins to a wooden frame and ----- them. (A) to stretch (B) stretch (C) stretched (D) stretching ※正解(D)。【解説】 by fasteningに注目。andの後にくる動詞もこの前置詞byに続いている。したがって、動名詞形（D） stretchingが正解。 5. 空所補充問題 It has often been said that ----- who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat it. (A) them (B) theirs (C) those (D) their ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 空所に入る語はthat節の文の主語になることは明らかである。peopleの意味を表す（C） thoseが正解である。 6. 正誤問題 (A)During the tulip craze in Europe several centuries (B)ago, the bulbs of certain varieties of the flower (C)were (D)valuable fortunes. ※正解(D)。【解説】 valuable → worth。前置詞during、副詞agoの用法に誤りはない。wereは複数形bulbsに呼応している。fortunesは「大金」の意味。これに形容詞valuable「高価な」が付くのはおかしい。ここはworth「……の価値がある、……に値する」を使えば意味が通る。 7. 正誤問題 (A)Polymers are formed by (B)to link (C)relatively simple segments together (D)into long chains or strings. ※正解(B)。【解説】 to link → linking。前置詞byのすぐ後にto不定詞ではなく動名詞を使わなくてはならない。linkingにすれば文が成立する。polymer「重合体、ポリマー」。 8. 正誤問題 (A)Without proper training, children can be (B)successfully taught to swim (C)as early as one year after (D)birth. ※正解(A)。【解説】 Without → With。副詞successfully及びas early asの使い方に問題はない。birth「誕生」の前に冠詞は必要ない。残るはWithoutである。Withにしなければ意味が通らない。 9. 正誤問題 (A)Had invented movable type thousands of years (B)before other civilizations, Chinese technicians never fully exploited (C)its potential as (D)a public medium. ※正解(A)。【解説】 Had invented → Having invented。文頭に注目。Had inventedのままではこの文の主語がないことになる。Having inventedとすれば分詞構文になり、次の文と繋がるようになる。 10. 正誤問題 (A)One of the truisms of computer science is (B)that processing power (C)to double every 18 months, as prices drop (D)by half. ※正解(Ｃ)。【解説】 to double → doubles / is (expected) to double。文頭のOne、接続詞thatに問題はない。to doubleのままではthat節の文に動詞がないことになる。doubles、あるいは、is (expected) to double（expectedは省略可）にすれば文が成立する。by half「半分（だけ）」。 II.時事英文 A Change in Generals, but Not Afghan Policy(その2：全8回シリーズ) General McChrystal lost his job over comments made to and in the presence of a reporter from Rolling Stone magazine. The general and his aides spoke disrespectfully about several administration officials. The general was quickly ordered to the White House to meet Wednesday with President Obama. BARACK OBAMA: "I welcome debate among my team, but I will not tolerate division." III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う？ 落書きする do graffiti ※The children were scolded by the teacher for doing graffiti on the school wall. 走り書きをする scribble ※The newspaper reporters scribbled as the politician spoke. 活字体で書く ※Could you please print your name and address on this document? 書き写す copy ※I copied the mathematical formulas off the blackboard in my notebook. III-c News Glossary foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) 口蹄疫 Tens of thousands of pigs and cattle are being culled to contain an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in this southern prefecture of Miyazaki. 「(日本列島の)南部に位置する宮崎県では、口蹄疫(こうていえき)の発生がこれ以上広がらないようにするため、何万頭もの豚や牛が殺処分されている｣ IV. Jokes a. A garden center customer picks a can of insecticide and asks the salesperson, "Is this good for red ants?" "No," says the salesperson, "It'll kill 'em!" b. A family is visiting a North American Indian reservation. They come across an old tribesman laying in the middle of the road with the side of his head pressed against the Tarmac. "What are you doing?" asks the father. The tribesman begins to speak. "Woman, late thirties, three kids, one barking dog, in 2003 Ford hatchback, travelling at 75km/h." "That's amazing," exclaimed the father. "You can tell all that simply by listening to the ground?" "No," said the old tribesman. "They just ran me over." c. Norman is 90 years old and has played golf every day since retiring. But one evening, he arrives home looking downcast. "I'm giving up," he says. "My eyesight's so bad that once I've hit the ball, I can't see where it has gone." His sympathetic wife makes him a cup of tea. "Why don't you take Fred with you?" "What use would your brother be?" sighs Norman. "He's 103." "That may be," his wife says. "But his eyesight's perfect." So, next day, Norman and Fred head off to the golf course. Norman tees up, takes an almighty swing and arrows the ball down the fairway. "Gosh, that felt good," he says. "Did you see where it went?" "Of course," says Fred. "So where is it?" "I can't remember." d. Ants can carry 20 times their own weight, which is useful information if you need help moving a potato chip across town. |