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資料No. ： NS100210
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The trouble with the computer will be solved only _______ we install a new hard disk. (A) that (B) though (C) if (D) what 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If your clothes _______ and you don't trust yourself to clean them up, our readers say the best place to go is Della's Cleaners. (A) had stained (B) are staining (C) are stained (D) would stain 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 By April of next year, the majority of blue-collar workers _______ on strike at least once. (A) will have gone (B) have gone (C) will be going (D) had been going 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Women are significantly _______ likely to die after heart bypass surgery than men, says a study released Wednesday. (A) much (B) more (C) most (D) mostly 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If the decision isn't favorable to us, please let me know as soon as possible so I can contact _______ companies. (A) another (B) other (C) others (D) either 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ are more than thirty people eligible to be on the company's medical insurance plan. (A) They (B) All that (C) As (D) There 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Should the federal government give every American a medical ID number, making _______ possible to track medical records? (A) it (B) him (C) one (D) that (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Joe Louis officially retired ----- world heavyweight boxing champion in March 1949, becoming a promoter. (A) to be (B) from (C) as (D) of 2. 空所補充問題 The yard is a customary unit of measurement used in the United States which is ----- just over nine-tenths of a meter. (A) the equivalent (B) the equal of (C) equivalent (D) equal to 3. 空所補充問題 In a volcanic eruption, carbon dioxide that has dissolved into fluid magma ----- high pressure returns to its gas state. (A) under (B) onto (C) in (D) with 4. 空所補充問題 The freedoms that our nation's constitution guarantees ----- are accompanied by responsibilities. (A) a citizens (B) its citizens (C) our citizen (D) their citizens 5. 空所補充問題 Computers have ----- been used to direct the operations involved in a wide range of manufacturing processes. (A) much (B) soon (C) long (D) ever 6. 正誤問題 Holography, (A)the storage of a (B)three-dimensional image (C)on a flat surface, was (D)inventing in 1947. 7. 正誤問題 (A)Most of the grammarians of the 7th century India were (B)primarily philosophers(C) when pursued (D)linguistics in search of philosophical insight. 3. 8. 正誤問題 Symphony orchestras (A)generally contain (B)section of (C)wind, string and percussion (D)instruments. 9. 正誤問題 (A)Technical speaking, the term yacht refers (B)to sailboats and motorboats (C)used for recreation, but not to watercraft powered (D)by paddles. 10. 正誤問題 In a walk, a horse moves (A)moderately slowly in a four-beat gait (B)in which each foot (C)strike the ground separately and the horse is supported at all times by (D)either two or three feet. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The trouble with the computer will be solved only _______ we install a new hard disk. (A) that (B) though (C) if (D) what 訳：そのコンピュータのトラブルは、新しいハードディスクを入れない限り解決しない。 ※正解（Ｃ）。《解説》The trouble with the computer「コンピュータのトラブル」が主語。installは「（装置など）を取り付ける」の意味。only ifは「〜する場合だけ」の意味。すなわち、「〜をinstallする場合だけ解決される→〜しない限り解決しない」という内容の文となる。なお、if only 〜「〜しさえすれば」と混同しないこと。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If your clothes _______ and you don't trust yourself to clean them up, our readers say the best place to go is Della's Cleaners. (A) had stained (B) are staining (C) are stained (D) would stain 訳：服を汚して、自分で洗濯する自信がないときに読者が一番に薦める店はデラのクリーニング店です。 ※正解（Ｃ）。《解説》雑誌か新聞の「良い店紹介コーナー」からとったと思われる文。If節があると、すぐ仮定法の文を作るのかという誤解もよくあるが、ここでは「単なる条件」を表すIf節で、動詞の時制は現在形でよい。stainは「〜を汚す」という意味の他動詞であるが、ここではyour clothesが主語になっているので、受け身にする。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 By April of next year, the majority of blue-collar workers _______ on strike at least once. (A) will have gone (B) have gone (C) will be going (D) had been going 訳：来年の4月までに、大多数の工場労働者が少なくとも1度はストライキをするだろう。 ※正解（Ａ）。《解説》着眼する語句はBy April of next year「来年の4月までには」。go on(a) strikeは「ストライキに入る」の意味。したがって、ポイントは「〜までには、ストライキに入っているだろう」という未来完了の文を作ることになる。未来完了は「will＋have＋過去分詞」の形が基本。 《選択肢》それぞれ (B) は現在完了、(C) は未来進行形、(D) は過去完了進行形。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Women are significantly _______ likely to die after heart bypass surgery than men, says a study released Wednesday. (A) much (B) more (C) most (D) mostly 訳：水曜日に公表された研究によると、女性は男性よりも心臓のバイパス手術を受けて死亡する確率が相当高い。 ※正解（Ｂ）。《解説》全体としては、比較構文であることに注意。be likely to doで「〜しやすい」の意味になるが、この文では女性と男性を比べて、「女性は男性よりも〜で死亡しやすい」という内容。したがって、likelyの比較級を作ることになる。heart bypass surgery「心臓バイパス手術」、release「公表する」。 《選択肢》mostは最上級を作る他「大部分の」の意味で使われる。mostlyは副詞で「大部分は」の意味。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If the decision isn't favorable to us, please let me know as soon as possible so I can contact _______ companies. (A) another (B) other (C) others (D) either 訳：だめな場合は他の会社を当たりますので、できるだけ早くお知らせください。 ※正解（Ｂ）。《解説》ポイントは不定代名詞another, otherの使い方。anotherは「an ＋ other」で単数の可算名詞につけて、「 もう1つの, もう1人の」の意味。ここでは後ろにくる語はcompaniesと複数名詞であるからanotherはあり得ない。otherは形容詞として使うときは、「他の, 別の」の意味で複数名詞の前につける。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ are more than thirty people eligible to be on the company's medical insurance plan. (A) They (B) All that (C) As (D) There 訳：その会社の医療保険プランの適格者は30人以上いる。 ※正解（Ｄ）。《解説》主語に何をもってくるのが最適であるかを考える。補充箇所の後には「be動詞＋名詞句」が続く。名詞句はmore than thirty people eligible to 〜（〜する資格のある30人以上の人々）であるが、これをbe動詞の補語とするか、主語とするか（There構文）がポイント。medical insurance plan「医療保険プラン」。 《選択肢》 (B) と (C) は構文上あり得ない。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Should the federal government give every American a medical ID number, making _______ possible to track medical records? (A) it (B) him (C) one (D) that 訳：連邦政府は一人一人のアメリカ人に診療IDナンバーを与えて、診療記録をたどることを可能にするべきだろうか？ ※正解（Ａ）。《解説》makingやto不定詞のto track「たどること」などに着目すれば、ここは形式目的語のitを入れるべきところ。形式目的語のitは後にくるto不定詞やthat節の内容を受ける。make it possible to doで「〜することを可能にする」の意味。the federal government「連邦政府」、medical ID number「診療IDナンバー」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Joe Louis officially retired ----- world heavyweight boxing champion in March 1949, becoming a promoter. (A) to be (B) from (C) as (D) of ※正解（Ｃ）。【解説】 retire「引退する」の後にworld heavyweight boxing championが来ているので、前置詞as「……として」を空所に入れれば意味が通る。 2. 空所補充問題 The yard is a customary unit of measurement used in the United States which is ----- just over nine-tenths of a meter. (A) the equivalent (B) the equal of (C) equivalent (D) equal to ※正解（Ｄ）。【解説】 空所には「 ... に等しい、相当する」という意味の語句が入るはずである。(D) be equal to ... が正解。 3. 空所補充問題 In a volcanic eruption, carbon dioxide that has dissolved into fluid magma ----- high pressure returns to its gas state. (A) under (B) onto (C) in (D) with ※正解（Ａ）。【解説】 空所の後にhigh pressure「高圧」の前に来る前置詞は？ underには「……のもとで、……を受けて」の意味がある。volcanic eruption「火山噴火」。 4. 空所補充問題 The freedoms that our nation's constitution guarantees ----- are accompanied by responsibilities. (A) a citizens (B) its citizens (C) our citizen (D) their citizens ※正解（Ｂ）。【解説】 citizensの前にはour nationを受ける代名詞が来るはずである。正解は(B)単数形のitsである。constitution「憲法」。 5. 空所補充問題 Computers have ----- been used to direct the operations involved in a wide range of manufacturing processes. (A) much (B) soon (C) long (D) ever ※正解（Ｃ）。【解説】 much、soon、everでは意味が成立しない。have long been used to ...で「……するために長い間使われてきた」という意味になる。 6. 正誤問題 Holography, (A)the storage of a (B)three-dimensional image (C)on a flat surface, was (D)inventing in 1947. ※正解(D)。【解説】 inventing → invented。invent「発明する」は他動詞である。was inventingと進行形にするならその後に目的語が必要である。ここはinvented（受け身）にしなければ文が成立しない。holography「ホログラフィー」。 7. 正誤問題 (A)Most of the grammarians of the 7th century India were (B)primarily philosophers(C) when pursued (D)linguistics in search of philosophical insight. ※正解(C)。【解説】 when → who / that。Most of ... 「ほとんどの……」、primarily「主に」に問題はない。whenの後に動詞pursuedが来ているので、ここは関係代名詞who、あるいは、thatを使う。linguistics「言語学」。 3. 8. 正誤問題 Symphony orchestras (A)generally contain (B)section of (C)wind, string and percussion (D)instruments. ※正解(B)。【解説】 section → sections。generally「普通は」に問題はない。sectionは可算名詞である。ここでは複数形sectionsを用いる。wind instrumentsとは「管楽器」のことである。 9. 正誤問題 (A)Technical speaking, the term yacht refers (B)to sailboats and motorboats (C)used for recreation, but not to watercraft powered (D)by paddles. ※正解(A)。【解説】 Technical → Technically。文頭のTechnical speakingに注目。「専門的に言えば」の意味を表すにはTechnically speakingと副詞を用いる。 10. 正誤問題 In a walk, a horse moves (A)moderately slowly in a four-beat gait (B)in which each foot (C)strike the ground separately and the horse is supported at all times by (D)either two or three feet. ※正解(C)。【解説】 strike → strikes。each footは単数形であることに着目する。strikeには、当然、三人称単数のsが付く。 II.時事英文 Helen Keller (その9；全12回シリーズ) From that time on Helen left the house each day, searching for things to learn. Each new name brought new thoughts. Everything she touched seemed alive. One day, Helen remembered a doll she had broken. She searched everywhere for the pieces. She tried to put the pieces together but could not. She understood what she had done and was not happy. Miss Sullivan taught Helen many things -- to read and write, and even to use a typewriter. But most important, she taught Helen how to think. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う？ 洗濯物を取り込む bring in the laundry 【例文】Bring in the laundry before it begins to rain. 服をたたむ fold one's clothes 【例文】I always tell my son to fold his clothes neatly. ハンガーにコートをかける put one's coat on a hanger 【例文】When my father came home, he put his coat on the hanger. ボタンが取れるa button comes off 【例文】The top two buttons of my shirt came off. III-c Phrases in the News 公共事業 public works projects ※Many voters see the government's meny regional public works projects, such as dams and bridges, as wasteful spending of taxpayers' money. ※有権者の多くは、政府が地方で行っているダムや橋の建設などのたくさんの公共事業が、税金の無駄遣いだと思っている。 IV. Jokes a. Three buddies died and went to heaven. Each night, they received tuna fish for dinner. After discussing the situation, they decided to confront God about it. "Lord," one began, "why do we always have tuna for dinner? We look down and see Satan feeding his minions shrimp, lobsters and steak. Can't we eat something else?" God thought for a moment. "You do have a point," he said. "But it seems like so much trouble to cook just for three." b. A bank was held up four days in a row, every time by the same robber. After the fourth raid, the police asked the bank manager to describe him. "Well," said the manager, "On each occasion, he was little better dressed." c. We were visiting in my sister-in-law's kitchen when her four-year-old daughter, Kelsey, ran wailing into the room. With fire and feeling she delivered a rather weak complaint against her brother, but when she saw she hadn't won over her audience, she gave her all to the final line: "He hurt my feeling!" "And where are your feelings Kelsey?" her mother asked. Kelsey swept out her arm to point down the hall, then bellowed. "They're in my room!" d. My eight-year-old son, Johnny, and I were going around the vicinity, collecting donations for his school. We rang the doorbell of one of our neighbors, and when he opened the door, Johnny told him what we were doing. When the man asked Johnny where the money was going, Johnny pointed to the envelope, opened it and said, "In here." e. My nine-year-old son, Roman, had received the latest video game console from Santa Claus for Christmas. However, several months later, he found that he wasn't able to load any games into it. Recalling that the game had come with a warranty card, I told him, "I have the receipt, so we can take it back to the store." Roman gave me a puzzled look. Then, his eyes widened and he exclaimed, "Santa gives receipts?" |