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資料No. ： NS091216
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I am currently studying French in the hope that my boss will _______ me to transfer to the Paris branch. (A) let (B) give (C) make (D) allow 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I would rather _______ to the party tonight. (A) not to go (B) to not go (C) not going (D) not go 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 During my college years, I would often stay up all night _______ political issues with my roommate. (A) discuss (B) debating (C) being debated (D) discussing about 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 My dentist always stresses the importance of getting my teeth _______ regularly. (A) cleaned (B) cleaning (C) to clean (D) to be cleaned 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We are in receipt of a check _______ by the Bank of Tokyo. (A) having issued (B) to issue (C) issuing (D) issued 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She was _______ good typist that we hated to see her leave. (A) so (B) such (C) a very (D) such a 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I hope you become leaders in society who will work _______ for your personal happiness but for the happiness of others. (A) not that (B) not only (C) just like (D) merely not (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Mushrooms and other fungi lack chlorophyll ----- incapable of photosynthesis. (A) and are therefore (B) therefore and are (C) are and therefore (D) are therefore and 2. 空所補充問題 Honus Wagner, who died in 1955, is considered by many ----- the greatest shortstop ever to play the game of baseball. (A) having been (B) he was (C) to have been (D) has been 3. 空所補充問題 Thanksgiving is an annual North American holiday held on ----- in November to commemorate a harvest festival celebrated by the Pilgrims in 1621. (A) the fourth Thursday (B) the Thursday fourth (C) fourth the Thursday (D) Thursday the fourth 4. 空所補充問題 Of all the birds that hunt for prey in the ocean, -----. (A) that the penguin is the best swimmer (B) the best swimmer is that the penguin (C) the penguin that the best swimmer (D) the best swimmer is the penguin 5. 空所補充問題 Cockroaches, ----- minute changes in air pressure, tend to run away from a sudden waves of air. (A) can sense (B) which can sense (C) they can sense (D) to sense 6. 正誤問題 Macon is (A)one (B)of among the largest (C)cities in the U.S. state (D)of Georgia. 7. 正誤問題 A submarine is designed (A)to function primarily under water, (B)raising to the surface infrequently, (C)while a submersible has a (D)primary role as a surface craft. 8. 正誤問題 The Eland, the (A)largest antelope in Africa, (B)growing to (C)a height of about six (D)feet. 9. 正誤問題 The plays of Tennessee Williams are (A)best known for (B)their powerful portrayal of (C)psychological damaged characters (D)from the South. 10. 正誤問題 Mosquitoes inject (A)an anticoagulant (B)into the flesh of their victims, (C)which enables them (D)extract the blood in a less viscous state. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I am currently studying French in the hope that my boss will _______ me to transfer to the Paris branch. (A) let (B) give (C) make (D) allow 訳：上司からパリ支店への転勤許可が得られることを期待して、現在フランス語の勉強に取り組んでおります。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】空所の後が「me（目的格＝目的語）＋to transfer（to不定詞）」の形をとっている点に注意。letやmakeはＯの後に原形不定詞を従える。(B)のgiveは問題外。「allow＋Ｏ＋〜」は〜にto不定詞をとり、「Ｏが〜するのを許可［了解］する」の意。なお、Ｏの後に -ingをとる形はない（allow him to go [×going] out）こともついでに押さえておこう。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I would rather _______ to the party tonight. (A) not to go (B) to not go (C) not going (D) not go 訳：今夜はパーティーには行かないことにしたいと思う。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】would rather 〜は〜に原形不定詞をとる慣用表現であるから (A), (B), (C)は不可。なお、toつきにせよtoなしにせよ、不定詞の否定形は否定語を不定詞の直前に置いてつくる点にも注意。would rather not 〜は「〜しないことを望む」の意になる。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 During my college years, I would often stay up all night _______ political issues with my roommate. (A) discuss (B) debating (C) being debated (D) discussing about 訳：大学生時代はよくルームメイトと政治問題について議論を戦わせながら夜を明かしたものだ。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】「〜しながら」という付帯状況を表す分詞構文の分詞を選ぶ問題。議論するのはだれかという分詞の意味主語は、ここでは文全体の主語であるIと一致する。 【選択肢】Iは議論する側だから (C) は不可。(D) はIとの関係においては問題ないがdiscussが他動詞であることから目的語 (political issue) との関係が不可（ → aboutは不要）。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 My dentist always stresses the importance of getting my teeth _______ regularly. (A) cleaned (B) cleaning (C) to clean (D) to be cleaned 訳：私のかかりつけの歯医者は規則正しく歯をみがくことの大切さをいつも強調する。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】'get(ting) ＋Ｏ (my teeth) ＋_____'の _____ の位置を占める構文上の資格自体は (A), (B), (C) のいずれにもある。そこで、Ｏが _____ に対して意味上能動主語（cleanする側）か、それとも受動主語（cleanされる側）かを考えると、歯は「みがかれる」のだから (A) のcleanedが正しいとわかる。 【選択肢】getはＯの後にto不定詞をとれるが、そのto不定詞が受け身になっている (D) のような形は通例不可。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We are in receipt of a check _______ by the Bank of Tokyo. (A) having issued (B) to issue (C) issuing (D) issued 訳：東京銀行発行の小切手を拝受いたしました。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】checkを正しく修飾するものを選ぶ問題。check（小切手）とissue（発行する）の関係を見定めつつ、by the Bank of Tokyoのbyにも注目する。例えばThe check → issue → by ... ときたらThe check was issued by ... という文を作るのが自然であろう。checkはissueに対して意味上受動主語の関係に立つのであり、したがって (D) を選ぶことになる。 【選択肢】(A) も過去分詞のissuedを含むので一瞬気をとられるかもしれないが、(A) は全体として能動の完了形であり、having been issuedとはなっていない点に注意。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She was _______ good typist that we hated to see her leave. (A) so (B) such (C) a very (D) such a 訳：彼女はとても優秀なタイピストだったので退職するのをただ黙って見送るのはいやだった。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】thatと連関するのはsoかsuchだがsoやsuchとthatとの間に何がきてるかが問題。この場合はtypistという単数可算名詞を含むのでso good a typistかsuch a good typistの形がくることになる。なお、「see＋人＋〜（＝原形）」には「人が〜するのを黙って見ている［放っておく、黙認する］」の意がある。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I hope you become leaders in society who will work _______ for your personal happiness but for the happiness of others. (A) not that (B) not only (C) just like (D) merely not 訳：皆さんには、自分の個人的幸福のみならず、他者の幸福のためにも努めていくような、そういう社会のリーダーになってもらいたい。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】butの後がfor ... という前置詞句になっており、空所の後にも同じ形がきていることから、対等の文法範ちゅうに属する2つの要素を相関的に結びつける組み合わせを考えてみる。but (also) とペアを組むのはnot only [just, merely, simply, etc.] である。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Mushrooms and other fungi lack chlorophyll ----- incapable of photosynthesis. (A) and are therefore (B) therefore and are (C) are and therefore (D) are therefore and ※正解(A)。【解説】 therefore「それゆえ」はand以下の文にかかることになるので(B)と(D)は不可。(C)はareがandの前に出ているのでこれも使えない。正解は(A) and are thereforeである。fungi「真菌類（fungusの複数形）」、photosynthesis「光合成」。 2. 空所補充問題 Honus Wagner, who died in 1955, is considered by many ----- the greatest shortstop ever to play the game of baseball. (A) having been (B) he was (C) to have been (D) has been ※正解(C)。【解説】 is considered by many to have been ... とすれば「多くの人たちから ... だったと考えられている」の意味になる。正解は(C)。 3. 空所補充問題 Thanksgiving is an annual North American holiday held on ----- in November to commemorate a harvest festival celebrated by the Pilgrims in 1621. (A) the fourth Thursday (B) the Thursday fourth (C) fourth the Thursday (D) Thursday the fourth ※正解(A)。【解説】 感謝祭（Thanksgiving）は11月第４木曜日である。「第４木曜日」の意味を表すのは(A) the fourth Thursdayである。commemorate「記念する、祝する」。 4. 空所補充問題 Of all the birds that hunt for prey in the ocean, -----. (A) that the penguin is the best swimmer (B) the best swimmer is that the penguin (C) the penguin that the best swimmer (D) the best swimmer is the penguin ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所にはこの文の主節が入るので、(A)と(C)は不可。また、(B)ではthat the penguinと中途半端な終わり方になっている。したがって、正解は(D)ということになる。prey「獲物」。 5. 空所補充問題 Cockroaches, ----- minute changes in air pressure, tend to run away from a sudden waves of air. (A) can sense (B) which can sense (C) they can sense (D) to sense ※正解(B)。【解説】 この文の動詞はtend ... であるので、(A) (C) (D)が使えないことはすぐに分かるだろう。正解は関係代名詞を使っている(B)である。cockroach「ゴキブリ」、minute「微小な」。 6. 正誤問題 Macon is (A)one (B)of among the largest (C)cities in the U.S. state (D)of Georgia. ※正解(B)。【解説】 of among → of。【解説】どう見てもone of amongはおかしい。このamongは不要である。 7. 正誤問題 A submarine is designed (A)to function primarily under water, (B)raising to the surface infrequently, (C)while a submersible has a (D)primary role as a surface craft. ※正解(B)。【解説】 raising → rising。be designedの後に続く不定詞to functionに問題はない。raise「上げる、上昇させる」という意味の他動詞である。ここは自動詞riseを使ってrisingとしなくてはいけない。接続詞while、形容詞primaryの使い方に誤りはない。 8. 正誤問題 The Eland, the (A)largest antelope in Africa, (B)growing to (C)a height of about six (D)feet. ※正解(B)。【解説】 growing → grows。最上級the largest、a height of ... 、複数形feetに問題はない。growingのままではこの文には動詞がないことになる。growingをgrowsにすればいい。antelope「アンテロープ」。 9. 正誤問題 The plays of Tennessee Williams are (A)best known for (B)their powerful portrayal of (C)psychological damaged characters (D)from the South. ※正解(C)。【解説】 psychological → psychologically。be best known for... 「……で最もよく知られている」、theirはplaysのことを指す。psychologicalはdamagedを修飾しているのでここでは副詞psychologicallyを用いる。from「……出身の」に問題はない。 10. 正誤問題 Mosquitoes inject (A)an anticoagulant (B)into the flesh of their victims, (C)which enables them (D)extract the blood in a less viscous state. ※正解(D)。【解説】 extract → to extract。この場合のanticoagulant「抗凝血剤」は可算名詞。inject ... into 〜「 ... を〜に注入する」。, which（関係代名詞の非制限用法）に問題はない。enables themの後にはto extractと不定詞toが必要である。extract「抜き取る」、viscous「粘りけのある」。 II.時事英文 Helen Keller (その2；全12回シリーズ) From that time until she was almost seven years old, Helen could communicate only by making signs with her hands. But she learned how to be active in her silent, dark environment. The young child had strong desires. She knew what she wanted to do. No one could stop her from doing it. More and more, she wanted to communicate with others. Making simple signs with her hands was not enough. Something was ready to explode inside of her because she could not make people understand her. She screamed and struggled when her mother tried to control her. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う？ 本屋で立ち読みする browse in a bookstore 【例文】I often browse in the bookstore on my way home. 知らない単語を飛ばして読む skip unfamiliar words 【例文】My teacher advised me to skip unfamiliar words to grasp the general idea of the English article. しおりをはさむ put a bookmark between the pages 【例文】When the phone rang, Miki put a bookmark between the pages and closed the book. 本を読んでいるうちに眠ってしまう read oneself to sleep 【例文】That novel was so boring that I read myself to sleep. III-c Phrases in the News 連立与党 ruling coalition ※The ruling coalition clung to the idea that it did not want to be the one that lost its two-thirds majority in the Lower House. ※連立与党は、衆議院において3分の2の多数を占める状況を失いたくないという考えにこだわった。 IV. Jokes a. One Sunday, a minister played hooky from church so he could shoot a round of golf. St. Peter, looking down from heaven, seethed. "You're going to let him get away with this, God?" God shook his head. The minister took his first shot. The ball soared through the air and dropped into the cup for a hole in one. St. Peter was outraged. "I thought you were going to punish him!" God shrugged. "Who's he going to tell?" b. In a recent poll, one in four people said they'd donate a kidney to a complete stranger. Yeah, sure. Ninety per cent won't even let a stranger merge in traffic. c. My mother was reading about a young boy who'd been suspended from school for fighting. "I blame computer games," she said. "That's rubbish," I replied. "People in their twenties grew up playing Pac Man. If it'd influenced us, we'd be jumping around in dark rooms, chomping pills and listening to repetitive electronic music. d. One day, at a cafe, a woman called out, "My daughter's choking! She swallowed a coin! Please, anyone, help!" Immediately, a man rushed up and said he was experienced in these situations. He calmly walked to the girl, then with no look of concern, wrapped his arms around her and squeezed. Out popped the coin. The man returned to the table as if nothing had happened. "Thank you!" the mother cried. "Tell me, are you a doctor?" "No," the man replied. "I work for the tax office." |