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資料No. ： NS091202
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm getting a little worried about Bill because I haven't heard from him _______. (A) lately (B) on late (C) now a day (D) in these days 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The new phone system will allow us to contact our branches _______. (A) directional (B) directive (C) director (D) directly 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I don't think they're working _______ to finish on schedule. (A) enough fast (B) fast enough (C) quite enough fast (D) very fast enough 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 All new employees are required to attend _______ training course. (A) three-months (B) three-month's (C) a three-month (D) a three-months 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The police thought that arson was the most _______ cause of the fire. (A) alike (B) likely (C) unlike (D) likelihood 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Last Wednesday, six of our cars were returned in an _______ condition. (A) absolutely wretchedlily (B) absolutely wretchedly (C) absolute wretchedly (D) absolutely wretched 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Recently _______ paid me a visit. (A) one of distant relatives (B) that my distant relative (C) the distant relative of mine (D) a distant relative of mine (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The middle and inner ear, ----- mechanically delicate and functionally important part of that organ, is not a visible feature of the head. (A) the most (B) are the most (C) mostly they are (D) mostly the 2. 空所補充問題 ----- four-sided plane figure with four right angles -- including a square -- is classified as a rectangle. (A) All (B) Any (C) Its (D) These 3. 空所補充問題 ----- the right conditions and composition of soil and rock, natural wind erosion can create magnificent natural stone arches resembling manmade structures. (A) Giving (B) Give (C) Given (D) To give 4. 空所補充問題 The flag of Wales ----- a red dragon on a white and green background. (A) features (B) feature (C) to feature (D) featuring 5. 空所補充問題 Having little practical -----, the mineral malachite derives its value from its beautiful green color. (A) useful (B) using (C) to use (D) use 6. 正誤問題 Johann Gottfried von Herder was a very original (A)and versatile German writer of the 1700's (B)whose ideas on art, (C)poet, language, and history had a (D)lasting influence on German intellectual history. 7. 正誤問題 (A)During colonial (B)times, the Powhatan Indians formed a small (C)but powerful confederation of Native American tribes in (D)easterly North America. 8. 正誤問題 The Puritans (A)was a religious and social movement (B)of the 1500's and 1600's (C)that began in England and spread (D)to America. 9. 正誤問題 (A)Since the conveniences of life in modern industrial societies protect us (B)from the struggle for survival, many urban dwellers actively (C)seeking out (D)wilderness experiences. 10. 正誤問題 James Brown, (A)renowned famously (B)as the Godfather of Funk, (C)ranks among the most influential pop musicians (D)ever. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm getting a little worried about Bill because I haven't heard from him _______. (A) lately (B) on late (C) now a day (D) in these days 訳：このところビルから連絡がないので少し心配になってきてるところだ。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】「このところ彼から連絡がない」という文脈。latelyは「最近」の意で通例完了形とともに用いる。 【選択肢】(B) はof late（=lately）なら可。(C) は「今日［当節］の」の意の形容詞。「今日［近頃］では」はthese daysとは言うがinはつけない（ → cf. in those days）。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The new phone system will allow us to contact our branches _______. (A) directional (B) directive (C) director (D) directly 訳：その新しい電話システムは支店と直に連絡をとることを可能にしてくれるだろう。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】動詞のcontact（〜に連絡する）を修飾する副詞を選ぶ問題。接尾辞から容易に判断できる。 【選択肢】(A), (B) は形容詞語尾をもっている。(C) は副詞のdirectを比較級にしたつもりかもしれないが、副詞の場合この形はない（※最上級のdirectestは時に使われることもある）。なお、形容詞の場合はmore型と -er型両方の比較変化がある。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I don't think they're working _______ to finish on schedule. (A) enough fast (B) fast enough (C) quite enough fast (D) very fast enough 訳：あの人たちの仕事のはかどり具合では予定どおり終了しそうにない。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】副詞 (fast) を修飾するenoughの位置に関する問題。enoughはfastの後にこなければならない。 【選択肢】(A) と (C) は語順が不可。(D) は語順の点では問題ないが、fastの前にさらにveryがついている点がよくない（ → ×very fast [carefully, etc.] enoughのような言い方はしない）。なお、enough自体をextremely, so [too] much, very (much) などの程度副詞で修飾するのも不可なので注意（×extremely [so (much), too (much), very (much) ] enough）。quiteについてはquite fast enoughのように言うことはできる。 【文構造】enoughはよくto不定詞を従えて「to以下ができるくらい十分」の意で用いられる。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 All new employees are required to attend _______ training course. (A) three-months (B) three-month's (C) a three-month (D) a three-months 訳：新入社員は皆3か月間の職員研修に参加しなければならない。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】「数詞 (three) ＋ハイフン＋名詞 (month) 」が後続の名詞を修飾する構造。この場合ハイフンの後の名詞は単数形。 【選択肢】ハイフンの後でmonthsと複数形になっている (A), (D) は不可。(B) のような言い方はしない（ → ただし、a four years' courseのような言い方はある）。なお、「講習、研修」の意のcourseは可算なのでaは必要。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The police thought that arson was the most _______ cause of the fire. (A) alike (B) likely (C) unlike (D) likelihood 訳：警察はその火事の原因は放火である可能性が最も高いと考えた。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】名詞（cause（原因））を修飾し、かつmostを付加して最上級をつくる形容詞を選ぶとするとlikely（ありそうな、可能性のある）が文脈上最適（ → これも-ly語尾形容詞の1つ）。 【選択肢】alike（似ている）は叙述用法では用いるが名詞を限定修飾する用法はない。unlikeはalikeの反意語で、こちらは限定用法もあるが文脈に合わない。(D) は名詞。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Last Wednesday, six of our cars were returned in an _______ condition. (A) absolutely wretchedlily (B) absolutely wretchedly (C) absolute wretchedly (D) absolutely wretched 訳：この前の水曜、うちの会社で貸し出した車の6台が目もあてられないひどい状態で戻ってきた。（※レンタカー会社 (car rental company) の話であろう） ※正解(D)。【着眼点】「冠詞 (an) _____ 名詞 (condition) 」とあって_____に2語入るとすると、「形＋形」か「副＋形」の組み合わせが考えられる。したがって、(D) の「absolutely（完全に、すっかり［全く］）＋wretched（ひどい、目もあてられない）」という「副＋形」のペアが正解。 【選択肢】wretchedの副詞がwretchedlyであり (A) のwretchedlilyは存在しない。(B) のように前の副詞が後の副詞を修飾すること自体は可能だが、後に名詞がひかえているので形容詞がないとおかしい（ → 副詞は名詞を修飾しない）。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Recently _______ paid me a visit. (A) one of distant relatives (B) that my distant relative (C) the distant relative of mine (D) a distant relative of mine 訳：ついこのあいだ、遠い親戚にあたる人が訪ねてきた。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】後置所有格の問題。 【選択肢】one ofの後はone of my relativesなどのように定名詞句がくる。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The middle and inner ear, ----- mechanically delicate and functionally important part of that organ, is not a visible feature of the head. (A) the most (B) are the most (C) mostly they are (D) mostly the ※正解(A)。【解説】 areを含む選択肢を空所に入れるとbe動詞が重複することになる。選択肢(D)ではmostlyがthe... 以降の語句と繋がらない。正解は(A) the mostである。visible「目に見える」。 2. 空所補充問題 ----- four-sided plane figure with four right angles -- including a square -- is classified as a rectangle. (A) All (B) Any (C) Its (D) These ※正解(B)。【解説】 この文の動詞はisなので、AllとTheseは使えない。Itsでは何を指すのかが分からない。正解は「どのような、どんな」の意味を表す(B) Anyである。rectangle「長方形」。 3. 空所補充問題 ----- the right conditions and composition of soil and rock, natural wind erosion can create magnificent natural stone arches resembling manmade structures. (A) Giving (B) Give (C) Given (D) To give ※正解(C)。【解説】 Givenには「……があるとするならば、仮定するならば」という意味がある。これを空所に入れれば文が成立する。wind erosion「風食」。 4. 空所補充問題 The flag of Wales ----- a red dragon on a white and green background. (A) features (B) feature (C) to feature (D) featuring ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所にこの文の動詞が入るのは明らか。正解は(A)か(B)か。The flagに呼応する(A)が正解。 5. 空所補充問題 Having little practical -----, the mineral malachite derives its value from its beautiful green color. (A) useful (B) using (C) to use (D) use ※正解(D)。【解説】 形容詞practicalの後にuseful、using、to useを続けては前半部分が成立しない。正解は(D) use（名詞）。practical useで「実用（性）」の意味。 6. 正誤問題 Johann Gottfried von Herder was a very original (A)and versatile German writer of the 1700's (B)whose ideas on art, (C)poet, language, and history had a (D)lasting influence on German intellectual history. ※正解(C)。【解説】 poet → poetry。versatile「多才の」、関係代名詞whoseの用法に問題はない。art、language、historyが並んでいる中でpoet「詩人」だけが人を表している。前後の語に合わせてここではpoetry「詩」を用いる。lastingは「永続的な」という意味の形容詞。 7. 正誤問題 (A)During colonial (B)times, the Powhatan Indians formed a small (C)but powerful confederation of Native American tribes in (D)easterly North America. ※正解(D)。【解説】 easterly → eastern/east。During colonial timesで「植民地時代に」の意味になる。接続詞butに問題はない。easterlyは副詞なので、ここではeastern、あるいは、eastを用いる。 8. 正誤問題 The Puritans (A)was a religious and social movement (B)of the 1500's and 1600's (C)that began in England and spread (D)to America. ※正解(A)。【解説】 was → were。この文の主語は複数形The Puritans「清教徒」である。したがって、wasはwereにしなくてはいけない。spread to... 「……に広まる」。 9. 正誤問題 (A)Since the conveniences of life in modern industrial societies protect us (B)from the struggle for survival, many urban dwellers actively (C)seeking out (D)wilderness experiences. ※正解(C)。【解説】 seeking → seek。理由を表す接続詞Since、protect... fromの用法に問題はない。seekingのままではmany urban... の文の動詞がないことになる。seekにすればいい。wilderness「荒野、未開の地」。 10. 正誤問題 James Brown, (A)renowned famously (B)as the Godfather of Funk, (C)ranks among the most influential pop musicians (D)ever. ※正解(A)。【解説】 renowned famously → renowned（famouslyをカット）。renowned famouslyに注目。renownedの意味は「有名な」である。famouslyを付け足す必要はない。rank「位する」。 II.時事英文 Rich Life (その7；全7回シリーズ) I admit I do feel sorry for my friend. He had enough money to live like a king. Instead, he is back to living on a shoestring -- a very low budget. Some might say he is penny wise and pound foolish. He was wise about small things, but not about important things. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う？ つめ切りで切る cut with nail clippers 【例文】After showering, your nails become softer and easier to cut with nail clippersw. 耳掃除をする clean one's ears 【例文】I told my son to clean his ears with an ear pick. 顔にクリームを塗る rub cream on one's face 【例文】Elizabeth combed her hair and rubbed cream on her face. マッサージをしてもらう get a massage 【例文】I get a massage every month at the nearby spa to relieve stress. III-c Phrases in the News 省エネ家電 energy-efficient electronic appliances ※The program allows consumers who purchase energy-efficient electronic appliances to apply foe eco-points worth up to 10 percent of the cost. ※この制度では、省エネ家電を購入した消費者が、最大で価格の10パーセントのエコポイントを申請できる。 IV. Jokes a. As the stay-at-home mum of two sons, I knew I'd been spending too much time in the kitchen when I overheard my six-year-old son, Dawson, say, "Dad, what if I don't get married when I grow up?" "It's OK," my husband said. "If you don't want to, you don't have to." "But, Dad," Dawson said, "I'll starve!" b. I was lying in my hospital bed after an accident when Ayesha, my eight-year-old granddaughter, arrived with her mum. Ayesha looked in awe at the wrist-to-shoulder cast on my left arm, then asked to see the rest of the damage. I showed her my broken right ankle; my left leg, bruised knee to thigh; and a raw bump the size of an egg above my elbow. Her blue eyes wide, Ayesha asked earnestly, "Gamy, can I take you to school tomorrow for show and tell?" c. My wife left the car unattended for only a minute, but it was long enough for our two-year old to climb in, throw the car into reverse and crash into a lamppost. He was fine, but the car wasn't, and I had a hard time explaining who was behind the wheel to the insurance company. After a slight pause, the adjuster asked, "Do you let him drive often?" d. T0m, a friend of mine, was recently on holiday with his family in the Swiss Alps. One day, he went for a walk through a deep valley. He decided to test its reputation for amazing echoes. "HELLO!" he shouted out and, sure enough, back came the reply, "HELLO! Hello! Hello!" Very much amused by this, he shouted out "TOM!" Much to his surprise, back came another reply. "YES?" e. While I was doing some research on how to get husbands to help around the house, one wife told me that her husband took care of their children, cooked meals, shopped, cleaned and did the laundry for two weeks. "He read somewhere that if a wife isn't too tired, she makes a better partner in bed," she said. "Did it work?" I asked. "Not really," she sighed. "He was too tired." f. The dogs next door get a little noisy, so one day somebody called animal control to complain. When the officers arrived, I heard my neighbor tell them, "Hey, dogs bark. It's human nature." |