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資料No. ： NS091118
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I've heard that Sid _______ to Yale. (A) is scholarship (B) got scholarship (C) won a scholarship (D) wined a scholarship 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Some of the details need _______ before we submit the report for approval. (A) clarify (B) clarifying (C) be clarified (D) being clarified 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Nancy _______ to look after her neighbor's children for the evening. (A) required (B) ordered (C) was asked (D) was wished 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After you do your homework, be sure to _______ up your room. (A) have cleaned (B) cleaning (C) be cleaned (D) clean 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I _______ a lot better if you had helped me. (A) do (B) did (C) had done (D) could have done 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______, you'll be expected to do much better. (A) In the future (B) Last year (C) For the previous month (D) By next week 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Unless the weather _______ soon, we'll never complete the project on time. (A) has improved (B) improves (C) would improve (D) improved (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The regiment of mounted soldiers led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish-American war ----- became famous as the "Rough Riders" was officially called the First United States Volunteer Cavalry. (A) where (B) they (C) that (D) them 2. 空所補充問題 One of Rembrandt's most moving paintings is The Return of the Prodigal Son, which he is thought ----- completed in 1665. (A) to have (B) having (C) have (D) had 3. 空所補充問題 The noise associated with airports often disturbs wildlife ----- surrounding areas. (A) locating in (B) in (C) locates in (D) located 4. 空所補充問題 LeRoy Ripley, ----- for his "Believe It or Not" series of comic strips describing oddities and strange occurrences from around the world, published his first panel in 1918. (A) as famous (B) to be famous (C) was famous (D) famous 5. 空所補充問題 The continent of Antarctica has several volcanoes, the most active of which ----- Mount Erebus. (A) be (B) are (C) is (D) to be 6. 正誤問題 The process (A)by which people and animals maintain an equilibrium (B)between their needs and obstacles (C)to satisfy them (D)is known as adjustment. 7. 正誤問題 Medical researchers (A)have discovered (B)that some symptoms of sickness can (C)relieve by chemically neutral pills the patient believes (D)to contain effective medicine. 8. 正誤問題 (A)Inventing in Berlin in 1822, the accordion is a free-reed instrument (B)with wind (C)supplied by (D)a bellows. 9. 正誤問題 (A)When the powder known (B)as napalm is mixed with gasoline, (C)they produces a jellied form of gasoline with military applications, also (D)referred to as napalm. 10. 正誤問題 Wine grapes (A)must be transported (B)from the vineyard to the winery for processing (C)immediate after (D)they are harvested. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I've heard that Sid _______ to Yale. (A) is scholarship (B) got scholarship (C) won a scholarship (D) wined a scholarship 訳：シドはエール大学に入る奨学金を得たそうだ。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】「奨学金」の意のscholarshipは可算名詞なのでaのついた (C) と (D) が候補だが、win（＝不規則活用動詞）の過去形はwonだから (C) のほうが正解。 【選択肢】(A) についてはis on a scholarship（奨学金をもらっている）という言い方はある。(B) はaをつければ通る。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Some of the details need _______ before we submit the report for approval. (A) clarify (B) clarifying (C) be clarified (D) being clarified 訳：報告書を提出して承認を求める前に、何点か細かいところを明確にしておく必要がある。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】clarify 〜 は「〜を明確にする［理解しやすくする］」の意でsome of the details（主部）はclarifyされる側だが、述部がneedで始まっている点に注意。needが動名詞を目的語にとると、その動名詞は能動形で受動の意味を表すことになる （need clarifying = need to be clarified）。 【選択肢】needは疑問文や否定文、またはそれに準じる文では助動詞としても用いられるが、問題文の主節は肯定文の形をとっている。したがって (A)、(C) はいずれにせよ不可。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Nancy _______ to look after her neighbor's children for the evening. (A) required (B) ordered (C) was asked (D) was wished 訳：夕方、近所の子の世話をしてほしいとナンシーは頼まれた。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】requireやorderにはto不定詞を目的語にとる構文自体が存在しない cf. I require you to do this job.；You are required to do this job. や He ordered us to follow him.；We were ordered to follow him. は可)。wishには「wish＋Ｏ＋to不定詞」の構文はあるが、これに対応する受動文はない。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After you do your homework, be sure to _______ up your room. (A) have cleaned (B) cleaning (C) be cleaned (D) clean 訳：宿題をやったら、必ず部屋を片付けなさい。 ※正解(D)。to 不定詞ですから、動詞は原形でなければなりません。(A)も形のうえでは原形になっていますが、意味上不可。(C)も原形ですが受け身の形になってしまっているので不可です。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I _______ a lot better if you had helped me. (A) do (B) did (C) had done (D) could have done 訳：もし君が手伝ってくれていれば、もっとうまくできたのに。 ※正解(D)。... if 以下が had helped の形をとっていますから、「もしも（あの時）君が…していたなら」という意味を持つ仮定法過去完了です。したがって、正解も「私は（あの時）…できたはずだったのに」という意味を持ちうる形にしなければなりません。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______, you'll be expected to do much better. (A) In the future (B) Last year (C) For the previous month (D) By next week 訳：将来的にはもっとうまくやれるように期待しています。 ※正解(A)。you ... 以下が will を使った未来形になっていますから、未来の時を表す表現が文中に使われているはずです。(D)は「来週までには、〜期待されるだろう」で、意味上不可。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Unless the weather _______ soon, we'll never complete the project on time. (A) has improved (B) improves (C) would improve (D) improved 訳：すぐに天気がよくならなければ、時間通りにそのプロジェクトを完了させられないだろう。 ※正解(B)。この文は Unless が「もし…でなければ」（If ... not）の意味で条件を表す副詞節を導くことになり、このような節の中では、主節（we'll ... 以下）が未来形であっても、未来の形はとりません。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The regiment of mounted soldiers led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish-American war ----- became famous as the "Rough Riders" was officially called the First United States Volunteer Cavalry. (A) where (B) they (C) that (D) them ※正解(C)。【解説】 空所の後に動詞becameが来ているのでwhereは使えない。they、themでは前後の文が繋がらない。正解は(C) that（接続詞）である。regiment「連隊」、mounted「馬に乗った」、cavalry「騎兵隊」。 2. 空所補充問題 One of Rembrandt's most moving paintings is The Return of the Prodigal Son, which he is thought ----- completed in 1665. (A) to have (B) having (C) have (D) had ※正解(A)。【解説】 be thought... の後にhave、hadが使えないのは明らか。is thought to have... で「……したと思われている」の意味になる。正解は(A)。moving「感動させる」。 3. 空所補充問題 The noise associated with airports often disturbs wildlife ----- surrounding areas. (A) locating in (B) in (C) locates in (D) located ※正解(B)。【解説】 be located in... で「……に位置している」の意味になるが、wildlifeの後に続けるとするとthat is located in... 、あるいは、located in... を使うことになる。しかし、選択肢にこの２つはない。正解は前置詞だけの(B)である。 4. 空所補充問題 LeRoy Ripley, ----- for his "Believe It or Not" series of comic strips describing oddities and strange occurrences from around the world, published his first panel in 1918. (A) as famous (B) to be famous (C) was famous (D) famous ※正解(D)。【解説】 (D) famousが正解。LeRoy Ripley, who is famous for... このwho isが略されているのである。oddities「奇妙な事柄」。 5. 空所補充問題 The continent of Antarctica has several volcanoes, the most active of which ----- Mount Erebus. (A) be (B) are (C) is (D) to be ※正解(C)。【解説】 be、to beが不可なのはすぐに分かるだろう。空所の後にMount Erebusが来ているので、正解は(B) areではなく(C) isである。Antarctica「南極大陸」、volcanoe「火山」。 6. 正誤問題 The process (A)by which people and animals maintain an equilibrium (B)between their needs and obstacles (C)to satisfy them (D)is known as adjustment. ※正解(C)。【解説】 to satisfy → to satisfying。前置詞＋関係代名詞by which、前置詞between... andの用法に問題はない。obstacles to... 「……の障害」のtoは前置詞である。したがって、satisfyはsatisfying（動名詞）にしなくてはいけない。is known as ... 「……として知られている」。equilibrium「釣り合い、均衡」。 7. 正誤問題 Medical researchers (A)have discovered (B)that some symptoms of sickness can (C)relieve by chemically neutral pills the patient believes (D)to contain effective medicine. ※正解(C)。【解説】 relieve → be relieved。現在完了have、接続詞thatに問題は見あたらない。relieve「取り除く、楽にする」はbe relieved byと受け身にしなかれば意味が通らない。不定詞toに誤りはない。 8. 正誤問題 (A)Inventing in Berlin in 1822, the accordion is a free-reed instrument (B)with wind (C)supplied by (D)a bellows. ※正解(A)。【解説】 Inventing → Invented。文頭のInventingは(Being) Invented（分詞構文）にしなけらば文が成立しない。前置詞with、(that is) supplied by... の用法に誤りはない。ここではbellows「ふいご」を単数扱いしている。 9. 正誤問題 (A)When the powder known (B)as napalm is mixed with gasoline, (C)they produces a jellied form of gasoline with military applications, also (D)referred to as napalm. ※正解(C)。【解説】 they → it。theyに注目。その後にくる動詞がproducesとなっている。theyはthe powderのことを指しているのでitにしなくてはいけない。napalm「ナパーム」。 10. 正誤問題 Wine grapes (A)must be transported (B)from the vineyard to the winery for processing (C)immediate after (D)they are harvested. ※正解(C)。【解説】 immediate → immediately。助動詞must、前置詞fromに問題はない。形容詞immediateを副詞immediatelyにすれば「 ……した後すぐに」の意味になる。theyはwine grapesのことである。harvest「収穫する」。 II.時事英文 Rich Life (その5；全7回シリーズ) Al was so excited. The first thing he did was buy a costly new car. He splurged on the one thing that he normally would not buy. Then he started spending money on unnecessary things. He started to waste it. It was like he had money to burn. He had more money than he needed and it was burning a hole in his pocket so he spent it quickly. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う？ 方程式を解く solve an equation 【例文】The math teacher explained to me how to solve the equation in an easy-to-understand manner. カエルを解剖する dissect a frog 【例文】Although Keiko likes biology, she couldn't bring herself to dissect a frog in the lab. 跳び箱を跳ぶ vault over aq vaulting horse 【例文】My son's favorite subject is PE, and he is especially good at vaulting over a vaulting horse. 「イエスタディ」を合唱する sing "Yesterday" in chorus 【例文】We sang "Yesterday" in chorus in our music class. III-c Phrases in the News サヨナラ勝ち walk-off win ※Ichoro's single with two outs in the bottom of the ninth gave his Seattle Mariners a walk-off win against the Toronto Blue Jays on July 28. It was the first walk-off hit for Ichiro since coming to the major leagues in 2001. ※シアトル・マリナーズが7月28日のトロント・ブルージェイズ戦で、9回裏2死からのイチローのヒットでサヨナラ勝ちした。イチローのサヨナラ打は、2001年の大リーグ移籍以来初。 IV. Jokes a. My five-year-old, Anmaree, wasn't happy when I took her to the doctor to get her booster shots. Things did not improve when, holding the syringe aloft, the doctor asked sympathetically, "Which arm?" With a quiver in her voice, Anmaree responded, "Yours." b. Lexicon: the other definition Committee: A group of the unwilling, picked from the unfit, to do the unnecessary. Economist: An expert who will know tomorrow why the things he predicted yesterday didn't happen. c. We are very fortunate that our grandchildren live close by and visit us often. When our seven-year-old granddaughter, Morgan, comes over, she loves to watch me bake. "Oma," she asked me one day, "where did you learn to cook?" I told her I learned from my mother and passed on this knowledge to my daughter. Someday, I said, her mother will pass on this knowledge to her. There was a short silence. "No, I don't think so," Morgan said, "Mum puts everything in the microwave." d. My friend Betty was visiting her four-year-old granddaughter, Willow, who insisted that Betty sing her a song. Betty, who is tone-deaf, tried to dissuade her. Eventually, she decided to give it a try. She had sung only a few lines when Willow patted her leg and said. "That's OK, Grandma. We'll just wait until Mummy gets home." e. Dave, my husband, prides himself on his cooking. One evening, at bedtime, our four-year-old son, Russel, asked Dave to explain the meaning of the "Lord's Prayer." When they reached the phrase, "Deliver us from evil,2 Dave explained that this means "Keep bad things away from us." Russel pondered this for a moment. "Does this mean." He asked, "that I don't have to eat some of the things you cook?" f. While I was visiting my daughter one morning, my son-in-law was at the door, ready to leave for work. "Come on, Grammy, line up!" my four-year-old granddaughter said. "It's hug-and-kiss time!" |