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資料No. ： NS091104
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He _______ the boxing match, but I don't know because I wasn't there. (A) may well win (B) may not have win (C) may well have won (D) may not well have won 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We _______ afford to take our eyes off the road for an instant while driving at more than 100 miles per hour. (A) can't (B) needn't (C) mustn't (D) shouldn't 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I suspect he has intentionally included figures that _______ in the expense budget. (A) have not should be (B) should have not been (C) should not have been (D) ought to not have been 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Once the train _______ the city, we won't be able to use the telephone. (A) will leave (B) leaves from (C) leaves (D) left from 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Man has been striving to improve rice _______ over 7,000 years, ever since rice cultivation was initiated in Asia. (A) more than (B) from (C) since (D) for 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The officer _______ his men to fight well in the coming battle. (A) hoped (B) expected (C) aimed (D) demanded 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Please _______ him that he is required to get a temporary badge from a receptionist. (A) relate (B) repeat (C) remind (D) recollect (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Egyptian wall paintings indicate that thong sandals with flat soles of papyrus or leather ----- common in ancient times. (A) probably to have been (B) were probably (C) being probably (D) to probably have 2. 空所補充問題 In 1965, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson decided that he had better ----- into law an immigration reform bill that had just passed Congress. (A) to sign (B) sign (C) signing (D) to be signing 3. 空所補充問題 Rather than being a cricket, the so-called Mormon cricket is, -----, a member of the family of katydids and long-horned grasshoppers. (A) the truth (B) as real (C) in fact (D) for actual 4. 空所補充問題 Now a shallow body of water, Lake Abitibi straddling the Ontario-Quebec border ----- a much deeper glacial lake. (A) was used (B) used to be (C) was used to (D) was used to be 5. 空所補充問題 The most traditional form of country music is called old-time country music, and features traditional instruments ----- the banjo, fiddle and harmonica. (A) as such as (B) as such (C) such (D) such as 6. 正誤問題 Medical ethics (A)is concerned (B)with the moral problems that (C)rise (D)in the practical application of modern medical science. 7. 正誤問題 Ancient Roman legislators (A)carried pointed metal writing instruments (B)called styli, (C)which sometimes (D)serving as stabbing weapons. 8. 正誤問題 (A)An optical illusion occurs when we make faulty (B)interpretations of visual (C)impressions (D)regard real special relationships. 9. 正誤問題 (A)In 1960, the membership of the armed forces of the Communist nations (B)outnumbered (C)those of the free world two (D)to one. 10. 正誤問題 The theory of continental drift was (A)bolstering in 1970 (B)by the discovery of (C)fossilized reptile bones (D)on Antarctica. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 He _______ the boxing match, but I don't know because I wasn't there. (A) may well win (B) may not have win (C) may well have won (D) may not well have won 訳：たぶん彼はボクシングの試合に勝ったと思うのですが、私は試合を見に行っていないのでわかりません。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】can [could] やmay [might] の直後に置かれた副詞のwellは本動詞よりも法助動詞と強く結びつき、法助動詞の意味を強める働きをする（ → 例えばmay well 〜（たぶん〜だろう）はmay単独よりも確信度が高くなる）。 【選択肢】終了した試合の結果を推測する文脈なので (A) は不自然。(B) は ... have winという形を見ただけで候補外。(D) のようにmay well 〜を否定文で用いるのも通例不可。 【注意】may well 〜には他に｢〜するのももっともだ｣の意もある。また控え目な言い方ではmayがmightとなる。慣用句ではこの他にmay [might] (just) as well 〜（＝（是非というわけではないが）〜してもよい）に注意。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We _______ afford to take our eyes off the road for an instant while driving at more than 100 miles per hour. (A) can't (B) needn't (C) mustn't (D) shouldn't 訳：時速100マイルを超すスピ−ドで車を走らせているときには一瞬たりともよそ見などできない [よそ見などしたら大変だ] 。 ※正解(A)。【文構造】while driving ...はwhile we are driving ...の意。 【着眼点】afford to 〜は｢〜しても大丈夫である｣の意だが、この用法のaffordと結びつくのはcan, could, be able toなどである。したがって正解は (A)。can't afford to 〜は｢〜する余裕などない [〜したら大変なことになる] ｣の意。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I suspect he has intentionally included figures that _______ in the expense budget. (A) have not should be (B) should have not been (C) should not have been (D) ought to not have been 訳：経費予算に含めるべきではない数字が入っているのは彼の意図的なしわざではないかと思う。 ※正解(C)。【選択肢】法助動詞 (should) は第1助動詞 (have) に先行し、その逆は成立しないので (A) は不可。否定文ではnotは法助動詞の後に配置されるので (B) は不可。ought toを否定文で用いる場合notはtoの前にくるので (D) は不可。したがって残る (C) が正解となる。figures that should not have been in 〜は｢〜にあるべきではなかった（のに実際は入っていた）数字｣を指す。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Once the train _______ the city, we won't be able to use the telephone. (A) will leave (B) leaves from (C) leaves (D) left from 訳：電車が市外に出てしまうと、その時点で電話は使えなくなるだろう。 ※正解(C)。 【着眼点】接続詞用法のonceは｢いったん [一度] …すると｣｢…するやいなや｣の意で、if, when, after, as soon asなどと同様条件や時の副詞節を導く。したがって主節が未来時制（won't be）でも選ぶのはleaves（現在時制）。 【選択肢】leaveは｢（今いる所を）発って〜へ向かう｣の意でleave for 〜（〜＝目的地）の形をとることはあるが、leave from 〜（〜＝離れる場所）は不可。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Man has been striving to improve rice _______ over 7,000 years, ever since rice cultivation was initiated in Asia. (A) more than (B) from (C) since (D) for 訳：アジアで稲作が始まって以来、7000年以上にわたって人類は米の改良を目指して努力を重ねてきた。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】has been strivingは過去のある時点から現在まで｢努力する (strive) ｣という行為が反復継続していることを表す現在完了進行形。ever sinceのsince はその努力が始まった時点がいつかを示す時の副詞節を導く接続詞（everは｢（ ...して以来）ずっと｣）。そしてover 7,000 yearsは努力の継続期間であり、｢期間｣を導入するにはforを用いる。 【選択肢】more thanはoverと意味が重なる。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The officer _______ his men to fight well in the coming battle. (A) hoped (B) expected (C) aimed (D) demanded 訳：将校は来たるべき戦闘で兵士が立派に戦ってくれるものと期待した。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】｢O (his men) ＋to不定詞 (to fight) ｣を従えられるのはexpectのみ。 【選択肢】hope, aim（目指す [努力する] ）, demand（要求する）は｢hope／aim ／demand＋to不定詞｣の形はある（I demand to know the truth.＝ぜひ真実を知りたい）。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Please _______ him that he is required to get a temporary badge from a receptionist. (A) relate (B) repeat (C) remind (D) recollect 訳：受付で臨時のバッジを交付してもらう必要がある旨を彼に念を押しておいてください。 ※正解(C)。【文構造】「____ (V) ＋him (IO) ＋that節 (DO) 」の第4文型。 【着眼点】「人＋that節」の形を従えられるのはremind（思い起こさせる、念を押す）だけである。 【選択肢】relate（＝（順序立てて）話す）は｢relate（to＋人）＋that節｣の形はとるが第4文型は不可。repeat（＝繰り返して言う）も同様。recollectは｢〜を思い出す｣の意でOにthat節をとる形（第3文型）は可能だが｢人に物事を思い出させる｣の意はない。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Egyptian wall paintings indicate that thong sandals with flat soles of papyrus or leather ----- common in ancient times. (A) probably to have been (B) were probably (C) being probably (D) to probably have ※正解(B)。【解説】 that以下の文には動詞がないことに注目。空所には、be動詞wereがある(B)が入る。 2. 空所補充問題 In 1965, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson decided that he had better ----- into law an immigration reform bill that had just passed Congress. (A) to sign (B) sign (C) signing (D) to be signing ※正解(B)。【解説】 had betterの後には原形の動詞が来る。したがって、正解は(B)。 3. 空所補充問題 Rather than being a cricket, the so-called Mormon cricket is, -----, a member of the family of katydids and long-horned grasshoppers. (A) the truth (B) as real (C) in fact (D) for actual ※正解(C)。【解説】 isと名詞a member... に挟まれた空所には副詞が入るのではないかと予測できるので、(A)は不可。as real、for actualでは次のa member... と繋がらない。正解は副詞の(C) in fact「実は」。cricket「コオロギ」、long-horned grasshopper「キリギリス」。 4. 空所補充問題 Now a shallow body of water, Lake Abitibi straddling the Ontario-Quebec border ----- a much deeper glacial lake. (A) was used (B) used to be (C) was used to (D) was used to be ※正解(B)。【解説】 文頭のNowと対比させて空所に(B)use to be「かつては... だった」を入れれば文が成立する。straddle「またがる」。 5. 空所補充問題 The most traditional form of country music is called old-time country music, and features traditional instruments ----- the banjo, fiddle and harmonica. (A) as such as (B) as such (C) such (D) such as ※正解(D)。【解説】 as such asという言い方はない。as such、suchのままでは次のthe banjo... と繋がらない。such asを空所に入れれば「バンジョーや、バイオリン、ハーモニカのような」の意味になる。 6. 正誤問題 Medical ethics (A)is concerned (B)with the moral problems that (C)rise (D)in the practical application of modern medical science. ※正解(C)。【解説】 rise → arise。Medical ethics「医療倫理」は単数なのでisのままでいい。be concerned with... で「……に関係して」の意味。「（問題などが）生じる、起こる」という意味を表すにはriseではなくariseを用いる。前置詞inに問題はない。 7. 正誤問題 Ancient Roman legislators (A)carried pointed metal writing instruments (B)called styli, (C)which sometimes (D)serving as stabbing weapons. ※正解(D)。【解説】 serving as → served as。動詞carried、過去分詞called、関係代名詞whichの用法に問題はない。serving asのままではwhich節に動詞がないことになる。served as「……として使えた、役に立った」とすればその問題が解決する。 8. 正誤問題 (A)An optical illusion occurs when we make faulty (B)interpretations of visual (C)impressions (D)regard real special relationships. ※正解(D)。【解説】 regard → regarding。illusion、interpretation、impressionいずれも可算名詞である。regard（動詞）をregarding「……に関して（前置詞）」にしなければ文が繋がらない。 9. 正誤問題 (A)In 1960, the membership of the armed forces of the Communist nations (B)outnumbered (C)those of the free world two (D)to one. ※正解(C)。【解説】 those → that。thoseは単数形のmembershipのことを指しているので、thoseはthatにしなくてはいけない。outnumber「数で勝る」。 10. 正誤問題 The theory of continental drift was (A)bolstering in 1970 (B)by the discovery of (C)fossilized reptile bones (D)on Antarctica. ※正解(A)。【解説】 bolstering → bolstered。この場合のbolsterは「支持する、支援する（他動詞）」の意味。後にbyが使われていることからも分かるように、ここではwas bolstered... byと受け身にしなくてはいけない。fossilized「化石化した」、Antarctica「南極大陸」。 II.時事英文 Rich Life (その4；全7回シリーズ) One day, Al scraped together a few dollars for a lottery ticket. He thought he would never strike it rich or gain lots of money unexpectedly. But his combination of numbers was chosen and he won the lottery. He hit the jackpot. He won a great deal of money. III - a. 雑知識
III -b. 英語でどう言う？ ホットドックにかぶりつく bite into a hot dog 【例文】The boy was hungry so he bit into a hot dog. ストローで〜を飲む drink ~ through a straw 【例文】My daughter always drinks a Coke through a straw. フライドポテトをケチャップにつける dip French fries into ketchup 【例文】Whenever I eat French fries, I dip them into ketchup. 持ち帰り用のハンバーガーを注文する order a hamburger to go 【例文】Instead of eating inside the shop, I ordered two humburgers to go dinner. III-c Phrases in the News 地方分権 decentralization ※Popular Osaka Governor Toru Hashimoto was offering the backing of nearly two dozen local government leaders to whichever political party promotes decentralization in the upcoming Lower House election. ※人気の高い橋下徹大阪府知事は、自治体の首長20人ほどが、今度の衆院選で地方分権を推進する政党を支持するとしていた。 IV. Jokes a. An elderly gentleman on my train was so frail that when he reached his station, he had to attempt to get down from the carriage backwards. Luckily, a helpful guard came to his aid, placed a hand on his back - and, thinking he was trying to get on, pushed him back into the train. The doors promptly closed and the train pulled away, leaving the old man complaining loudly all the way to the next stop. b. My wife had a career crisis: Should she quit her job? Knowing how panicked she was, I called our florist and sent her a bouquet with a card saying, "I believe in you. Love Mose." Later she called to thank me. "But I'm a little confused by the card,2 she admitted. "Really? Why?" "Because it reads 'I be leaving you. Love, Mose." c. Pointing to the passenger's water bottle, a fellow airport screener said, "Sorry, you can't bring liquids on board." The passenger became irate. "It's not a liquid," he snapped. "It's a beverage." d. Many tourists come to Yellowstone National Park armed with lots of questions. As someone who works nearby, I don't always have the answers. Like the time one earnest woman approached me to ask, "At what elevation do deer turn into elk?" e. The casino where I worked went through a round of layoffs just before the holidays. But it wasn't all bad news. In a memo, management stated, "During the Christmas season, laid-off employees will not have to wait the normal mandatory seven days before they are allowed to gamble." f. During my keep-fit class, I had everyone lie on their backs with their legs up as if pedaling a bicycle. After several minutes, one man came to a halt. "Why did you stop pedaling?" I shouted. "I didn't stop," he said, wheezing. "I'm coasting." g. A dog walks into a telegram office, takes out a blank form and writes, "Woof. Woof. Woof. Woof. Woof. Woof. Woof. Woof. Woof." "There only nine words here," says the clerk. "You could send another 'woof' for the same price." The dog looks at him, confused. "But that wouldn't make any sense." h. One week, a bank was held up four days in a row, each time by the same robber. After the fourth robbery, the police asked the bank manager to describe him. "Well," he said, "each time he was a little better dressed." |