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資料No. ： NS080820
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Those _______ looking clouds mean a storm is coming. (A) mysterious (B) ominous (C) menace (D) trouble ２. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Her husband was _______ to her plans for divorce. (A) knowledge (B) scheming (C) oblivious (D) secret ３. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Everyone at the party was in a _______ mood. (A) festive (B) fertile (C) furtive (D) furious ４. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Those kids have got to understand that their homework is an _______. (A) obligate (B) obligation (C) obligator (D) oblige 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The new lighting system in the studio _______ very beautiful. (A) are (B) is (C) is being (D) were 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 These are the types of problems that _______ eliminated before production begins. (A) need (B) need to be (C) needs to be (D) necessary to be 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When I returned home I discovered that I _______ my wallet at the party. (A) leave (B) did leave (C) left (D) had left 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 ----- you needed money, I would have been happy to lend it to you. (A) If you said (B) You had said (C) Had you said (D) If you would say 訳：お金が必要だと言ってくれたら、喜んで貸してあげたのに。 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 This newly developed candy ----- a sugar substitute that they claim causes no tooth decay. (A) composes (B) makes up (C) consists (D) contains 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Though he supplied the ideas and effort for the business deal, he got no ----- for its success. (A) interest (B) acknowledging (C) credit (D) concern 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Well, you (A)know (B)what they say: "Two (C)heads are (D)more better than one." 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I'm (A)sorry that I (B)can't go, but I'm up (C)to my eye (D)in work. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)You've got to me (B)pulling (C)my hairs out (D)with your misbehavior. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Humans appear ----- the first organisms on earth, and perhaps in the entire universe, capable of pondering the meaning of their own existence. (A) are (B) be (C) being (D) to be 2. 空所補充問題 Untreated, natural wheat flour is usually composed ----- about one percent sugar. (A) of (B) to (C) for (D) in 3. 空所補充問題 The vast ----- of known cultures celebrate the commencement of the New Year with festivals that include jubilation over the symbolic renewal of life. (A) majority (B) many (C) most (D) much 4. 空所補充問題 The French Revolution was a violent and ----- movement that tore through France between 1787 and 1799 and reached its first climax there in 1789. (A) chaos (B) chaotically (C) chaotic (D) more chaos 5. 空所補充問題 In 1949, Canada was the world's ----- trading nation. (A) three greater (B) third greatly (C) three great (D) third greatest 6. 正誤問題 Lip reading, (A)or speech reading, is a technique (B)by which hearing impaired people infer (C)that is (D)being said by the visible movement of the mouth and face. 7. 正誤問題 (A)Many plants obtain nourishment by capturing insects and sometimes small mammals, (B)usual with the use of specialized leaves (C)that function (D)as traps. 8. 正誤問題 (A)The Nobel Prize (B)for chemistry was awarded for Fritz Pregl in 1923 for the Austrian (C)chemist's invention of a method of microscopically (D)analyzing organic substances. 9. 正誤問題 Genetic technology is (A)used in the brewing industry as a (B)mean of obtaining strains of yeast that (C)produce alcohol more (D)efficiently than other strains. 10. 正誤問題 After (A)serving (B)for 30 years as a maximum security federal facility for dangerous criminals, the prison (C)on Alcatraz island in San Francisco Bay was (D)close in the 1960s. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC １. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Those _______ looking clouds mean a storm is coming. (A) mysterious (B) ominous (C) menace (D) trouble 訳：あの不吉な雲は嵐が来ることを示している。 ※正解（B）。知っている単語で、意味が不自然なものから除去する。menace は「脅威」。 ２. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Her husband was _______ to her plans for divorce. (A) knowledge (B) scheming (C) oblivious (D) secret 訳：彼女の夫は、彼女の離婚の計画に関心がなかった。 ※正解（C）。「人＋ was ... to 〜」のパターンにあてはまる語をさがし出す。be oblivious to ... で、「…に無関心な」の意。 ３. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Everyone at the party was in a _______ mood. (A) festive (B) fertile (C) furtive (D) furious 訳：パーティーの全員がお祭りムードでした。 ※正解（A）。party での話だから、fury「怒り」から派生している語よりも、festival「祭り」に関連した語を選びたい。 ４. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Those kids have got to understand that their homework is an _______. (A) obligate (B) obligation (C) obligator (D) oblige 訳：あの子たちは宿題が義務であることを判らなければいけない。 ※正解（B）。「義務」という意味の名詞になるように語尾を考える。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The new lighting system in the studio _______ very beautiful. (A) are (B) is (C) is being (D) were 訳：スタジオの新しい照明システムは大変に美しい。 ※正解（B）。主語の単複を考える。system が本主語で、単数形。それ以上は何も難しく考える必要はない。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 These are the types of problems that _______ eliminated before production begins. (A) need (B) need to be (C) needs to be (D) necessary to be 訳：これらが生産を開始する前に取り除かれなければならない問題の種類です。 ※正解（B）。関係代名詞 that の示すものは types で複数形であるから、(C)needs は続かない。eliminated「取り除かれる」と受け身のニュアンスであるので、前に be 動詞があると推測できる。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When I returned home I discovered that I _______ my wallet at the party. (A) leave (B) did leave (C) left (D) had left 訳：家に帰った時、財布をパーティーに忘れてきたことが判りました。 ※正解（D）。全体が過去形で統一されているので、(A)は不可。(C)はleaveの過去および過去分詞。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 ----- you needed money, I would have been happy to lend it to you. (A) If you said (B) You had said (C) Had you said (D) If you would say 訳：お金が必要だと言ってくれたら、喜んで貸してあげたのに。 ※正解（C）。主節が I would have been... となっているので、仮定法の if 節に当たる文（ If you had said... ）が入ると推測できる。選択肢中で当てはまるのは、 If が省略されて疑問文のような語順となっている (C) の Had you said となる。 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 This newly developed candy ----- a sugar substitute that they claim causes no tooth decay. (A) composes (B) makes up (C) consists (D) contains 訳：この新しく開発されたキャンデーには、絶対に虫歯の原因にならないと彼らが主張する砂糖の代用品が含まれている。 ※正解（D）。「 ( 物が ) 〜を含む」という意味を表すのは (D) 。 (A) は be composed of 、 (B) は be made up of 、 (C) は consist of とすれば、いずれも「〜から成る［成り立つ］」という意味になり、正しい。ちなみにここでの they はキャンデーの生産者を表している。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Though he supplied the ideas and effort for the business deal, he got no ----- for its success. (A) interest (B) acknowledging (C) credit (D) concern 訳：彼は仕事の取引にアイデアと努力を注いだが、その成功の功績は認められなかった。 ※正解（C）。get credit for 〜で「 ( 業績など ) の功績を認められる」という意味。 (C) が正しい。 interest は複数の意味を持つが、ここでの使い方では「利子」を表すため、不適。ちなみに、 had no interest 〜、 get interested in 〜となれば「〜に興味を持った」と言う意味になり、文章が成り立つ。 acknowledging は acknowledge( 〜を認める ) の -ing 形、 concern は名詞で「関心事、気遣い」という意味。 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Well, you (A)know (B)what they say: "Two (C)heads are (D)more better than one." 訳：まあご存知のように、「三人寄れば文殊の知恵」と言われる通りですよ。 ※正解（D）。more better → better。moreは比較級を修飾できない。Two heads are better than one.<諺>「三人寄れば文殊の知恵」 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I'm (A)sorry that I (B)can't go, but I'm up (C)to my eye (D)in work. 訳：行けなくてすみません。仕事で手一杯なんです。 ※正解（C）。to my eye → to my eyes。(C) up to the (one's) eyes <+in>[口語]「(仕事・借金などで)身動きできないで、手一杯で」 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 (A)You've got to me (B)pulling (C)my hairs out (D)with your misbehavior. 訳：きみの不作法は頭にくる。 ※正解（C）。my hairs → my hair。(B) & (C) pull one's hair out「(悲しみ・怒りのあまり)髪の毛をかきむしる」misbehavior「不作法、不品行」 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Humans appear ----- the first organisms on earth, and perhaps in the entire universe, capable of pondering the meaning of their own existence. (A) are (B) be (C) being (D) to be ※正解（D）。【解説】 動詞appearの後に直接are、beを続けることはできない。appear being ... という言い方はしない。appear to be... で「……のように見える」という意味になる。 2. 空所補充問題 Untreated, natural wheat flour is usually composed ----- about one percent sugar. (A) of (B) to (C) for (D) in ※正解（A）。【解説】 be composedの後に来る前置詞は？ ofを続けて「……からなる、構成される」の意味になる。 3. 空所補充問題 The vast ----- of known cultures celebrate the commencement of the New Year with festivals that include jubilation over the symbolic renewal of life. (A) majority (B) many (C) most (D) much ※正解（A）。【解説】 空所の前に形容詞vastがある点に注意。The vast majority of... で「……の大部分は」という意味になるので、正解は(A)。commencement「開始、始まり」、jubilation「歓喜」。 4. 空所補充問題 The French Revolution was a violent and ----- movement that tore through France between 1787 and 1799 and reached its first climax there in 1789. (A) chaos (B) chaotically (C) chaotic (D) more chaos ※正解（C）。【解説】 空所の前に形容詞violent、後に名詞movementがあることから、空所には形容詞が入ると考えられる。したがって、(C) chaotic「無秩序な、混沌とした」が正解。 5. 空所補充問題 In 1949, Canada was the world's ----- trading nation. (A) three greater (B) third greatly (C) three great (D) third greatest ※正解（D）。【解説】 「世界第３位の貿易国」という意味にするには、序数と最上級の組み合わせthird greatestを用いる。 6. 正誤問題 Lip reading, (A)or speech reading, is a technique (B)by which hearing impaired people infer (C)that is (D)being said by the visible movement of the mouth and face. ※正解(C)。【解説】 that → what。orと前置詞＋関係代名詞by whichに問題はない。thatのままではis being... 以下の主語がないことになる。thatではなくwhatを使えばその問題が解決する。being said by... は受け身の進行形。lip reading「読唇術」。 7. 正誤問題 (A)Many plants obtain nourishment by capturing insects and sometimes small mammals, (B)usual with the use of specialized leaves (C)that function (D)as traps. ※正解(B)。【解説】 usual → usually。この文の主語であるMany plantsに問題はない。usual with the use of... は「大抵は……を使って」という意味になるはずである。ここは形容詞ではなく副詞usuallyを用いる。thatは関係代名詞、asは「……として」という意味の前置詞。nourishment「栄養」。 8. 正誤問題 (A)The Nobel Prize (B)for chemistry was awarded for Fritz Pregl in 1923 for the Austrian (C)chemist's invention of a method of microscopically (D)analyzing organic substances. ※正解(B)。【解説】 for → to。Nobel Prizeの前の冠詞Theに問題はない。「 ……に与えられる」はbe awarded to... なのでforが誤り。the Austrian chemist's inventionで「オーストリア人化学者のあ発明」の意味。analyzingはthat analyzesの働きをしている。 9. 正誤問題 Genetic technology is (A)used in the brewing industry as a (B)mean of obtaining strains of yeast that (C)produce alcohol more (D)efficiently than other strains. ※正解(B)。【解説】 mean → means。be used in... 「……において使われている」。「……の手段として」という意味にするにはas a mean of... のmeanをmeans「手段、方法（単数扱い）」にしなくてはいけない。produceは前のstrainsに呼応している。副詞efficientlyに問題はない。genetic「遺伝子の」。 10. 正誤問題 After (A)serving (B)for 30 years as a maximum security federal facility for dangerous criminals, the prison (C)on Alcatraz island in San Francisco Bay was (D)close in the 1960s. ※正解(D)。【解説】 close → closed。前置詞Afterの後の動名詞serving、前置詞for、onの用法に問題はない。closeをclosed「閉鎖される」にしなければ意味が通らない。 II.時事英文 Women Span Hurdles in World Politics (その5；全7回シリーズ) The implications of these findings worry many experts. Among them is Sarah Brewer, Associate Director of American University's Women & Politics Institute in Washington, who fears a potential shortage of women leaders throughout the world. "One of the more startling findings is that women of this more recent generation, raised in the language of gender equality, are even less interested in running for office than women over 40 [years of age]. They are less interested in serving in public office than their mothers are," says Brewer. "So when we have this sort of imagination that it's all going to get better as we have generational replacement [of women leaders], that's a wake-up call that that's probably not necessarily some of the dynamics at work." III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆Still waters run deep◆ Shallow rivers can be rough and loud as they run quickly over rocks and rapids. Deep rivers, however, are more still and calm, and the calm surface can hide powerful currents and unsuspected depth (deep rivers do not look deep). It is the same with people. People who are quiet and calm on the outside can hide a deeper, more complicated, possibly stronger personality. III-c. 英語の新語 ◆Wrap rage◆ Many people will know the feelings of anger and frustration when they try to take the plastic wrapping off a new CD and it won't come off. This feeling is known as wrap rage. It describes any feelings of anger caused by wrapping or packaging that is difficult to take off -- not only the packaging of CDs, but also books, games, food, etc. It is also known as package rage, packaging rage, can't-open-the-package rage. III -d. 英語でどう言う？ 間食をする eat between meals 【例文】If you want to loose weight, you have to stop eating between meals. つまみ食いをする sneak a bite of 【例文】Tom sneaked a biye of the cake while his mother was out. (口いっぱいに)ほおばる Cram … into one's mouth 【例文】Takeshi crammed two pieces of sushi into his mouth at one time. 食べ残す Leave … half eaten 【例文】I was sick today, and I left my lunch half-eaten. III-e 今週のイディオム in a timely fashion ちょうどよい時に (at a time which is appropreate) fashion (流行)には外見上の「やり方、流儀」の意味があります。timely (時宜を得た、好時期の)と結びついて「タイミングよく、ちょうどよい時に」という場合に使われる慣用表現です。 I'm sure guests will arrive at the reception banquet in a timely fashion. (招待客の方々は、ちょうどよい時間に披露宴会場に到着するはずです) We were lucky that we got that information in a timely fashion. (我々がその情報をタイミングよく入手できたのは幸運だった) The book on ecotourism was published in a timely fashio9n. (エコツーリズム[環境保護を認識してもらうためのツアー]に関するその本は、ちょうどよい時に刊行された) IV. Jokes a. Heard on a friend's answering machine: "Hi, I'm probably home. I'm just avoiding someone I don't like. Leave a message. If I don't call back, it's you." b. The woman in front of me at the motor vehicles office was taking the eye test, first with her glasses on, then off. "Here's your license," the examiner said when she was done. "But there's a restriction. You need to wear glasses to drive your car." "Honey," the woman declared, "I need them to find my car." c. As soon as we boarded the plane, my two toddler daughters began fussing and fighting. This continued on through the flight attendant's safety speech. "In case we lose pressure, masks will drop from above," he said. "Place one on yourself and then help those who need assistance." Looking at my girls going at it, he added, "If you have more than one child, choose who you like best and help that child first." d. A drunk walked into a lounge. After staring at a beautiful woman who was sitting at the bar for ten minutes, he sautered over to her and kissed her on the mouth. She jumped up and slapped him hard. "I'm sorry," he said. "I thought you were my wife. You look like her." "Ugh. Get away from me you worthless, insufferable, no-good drunk!" she yelled. "Wow," he said. "you even sound like her." e. Isn't it unfair that women love cats? Cats are independent, they don't listen, they come when you call, they like to stay out all night and when they're at home, they like to be left alone to sleep. In other words, every quality that women hate in a man, they love in a cat. |