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資料No. ： NS080806
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Do you think Steve _______ be hired for the new vice-president's position? (A) would (B) will (C) must (D) shall 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When I lived in Italy last July, I _______ a beach-side villa for the whole time. (A) rent (B) rented (C) had been renting (D) had rented 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If we don't sell all our stock now, we _______ lose everything. (A) are (B) did (C) will (D) would 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We need to find out _______ the new area manager will be. (A) whom (B) who's (C) whose (D) who 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In the commotion, the diamond ring _______. (A) lost (B) is lost (C) was lost (D) won't be lost 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When you go out for coffee, please _______ a newspaper too. (A) pick (B) pick up (C) read (D) buy up 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 This sauna's _______ hot; I can hardly stand it. (A) to (B) too (C) this (D) not 8. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Everyone in the department is ----- to attend the meeting, but I would like to get out of it, if possible. (A) ought (B) having (C) should (D) supposed 9. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She took a bad fall because she was riding her bicycle with -----. (A) unhanded (B) no hands (C) not using her hands (D) hands off 10. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It would be so much easier to get along with him if he wasn't always finding ----- with everyone. (A) fault (B) blame (C) guilt (D) wrong 11. Part VI； Error Recognition練習問題 A)Ironically, the rocket launch B)failed due to a single, C)faulty D)five-dollars gauge. 12. Part VI； Error Recognition練習問題 If they A)miss B)another deadline, we will have no choice but C)switching to the D)competition. 13. Part VI； Error Recognition練習問題 (A)I've had it (B)up to here with you and your friends (C)to make trouble (D)for me. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Alexander Graham Bell, the Scottish-born inventor and educator ----- known for his invention of the telephone, was only 29 years old when he received his patent for that invention. (A) main (B) most (C) primary (D) best 2. 空所補充問題 Cells reproduce by dividing ----- to generate a larger number of daughter cells through the processes of meiosis and mitosis. (A) themselves (B) itself (C) herself (D) himself 3. 空所補充問題 In Greek mythology, the minotaur was a monster ----- half bull and half man. (A) who was (B) who (C) was (D) was he 4. 空所補充問題 ----- October 5, 1960, South Africa voted to end its allegiance to the British Crown and become an independent republic. (A) To (B) For (C) Of (D) On 5. 空所補充問題 News agencies are organizations that gather, write and ----- news to newspapers, periodicals, radio and television broadcasters rather than directly to the reading public. (A) distribute (B) distributing (C) to distribute (D) distribution 6. 正誤問題 The global economy grew (A)by less than 3 (B)percents in 1986 (C)despite lower interest rates (D)and sinking oil prices. 7. 正誤問題 The national flag of Angola (A)includes a half of a cogwheel (B)as a symbol of industry, a machete (C)symbol agriculture, and the five-pointed star of (D)socialism. 8. 正誤問題 Dwight Whitney Morrow was (A)a New York lawyer (B)who joined the banking firm (C)of J. P. Morgan and Company in 1914, of whose daughter (D)married the famous aviator Charles A. Lindbergh. 9. 正誤問題 (A)In spite of (B)their reputations as mysterious, (C)filth and even demonic creatures, bats are actually harmless, clean and - (D)some believe -- cute animals. 10. 正誤問題 River deltas (A)can be very successful agricultural areas (B)unless they are usually the areas (C)where fertile sediments transported downstream (D)are deposited. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Do you think Steve _______ be hired for the new vice-president's position? (A) would (B) will (C) must (D) shall 訳：スティーブが新副社長の地位に雇われると思いますか。 ※正解（B）。意味上適切なものはひとつ。would は時制が問題。 2. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When I lived in Italy last July, I _______ a beach-side villa for the whole time. (A) rent (B) rented (C) had been renting (D) had rented 訳：去年の 7 月にイタリアで過ごした時は、浜辺の別荘をずっと借りていました。 ※正解（B）。難しく考えないように。普通に時制を一致させる。明確に定まった過去を表す when 節とともに現在完了は用いない。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If we don't sell all our stock now, we _______ lose everything. (A) are (B) did (C) will (D) would 訳：すぐに在庫を全部売らなければ、私たちはすべてを失うでしょう。 ※正解（C）。lose が原形動詞なので(A)は不可。意味上(B)も無理がある。If に続く節が don't なので、(D)would にする必要はない。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We need to find out _______ the new area manager will be. (A) whom (B) who's (C) whose (D) who 訳：新しい支部長が誰になるのか探らなくてはならない。 ※正解（D）。「誰が…だ」という時の疑問代名詞。あとの will be という（助）動詞に対する主格が必要。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In the commotion, the diamond ring _______. (A) lost (B) is lost (C) was lost (D) won't be lost 訳：暴動の最中にダイヤの指輪がなくなりました。 ※正解（C）。「失われた」と受け身のニュアンスで考えることが必要。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 When you go out for coffee, please _______ a newspaper too. (A) pick (B) pick up (C) read (D) buy up 訳：コーヒーを買いに行くとき、新聞も買って（取って）きてください。 ※正解（B）。pick up には「拾い上げる」という意味がある。obtain や get と同じ意味で使う。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 This sauna's _______ hot; I can hardly stand it. (A) to (B) too (C) this (D) not 訳：このサウナは暑すぎる。我慢できません。 ※正解（B）。(A)の"to"では意味をなさない。「我慢できない」のだから、「暑すぎる」という意味にしたい。 8. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Everyone in the department is ----- to attend the meeting, but I would like to get out of it, if possible. (A) ought (B) having (C) should (D) supposed 訳：部の人は全員その会議に出席することになっているのだが、私はできれば欠席したい。 ※正解（D）。解説 be 動詞とともに用いられ、｢〜することになっている」を表すのは (D) の supposed のみ。 9. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She took a bad fall because she was riding her bicycle with -----. (A) unhanded (B) no hands (C) not using her hands (D) hands off 訳：彼女は手離しで自転車に乗っていたので、ひどく転倒した。 ※正解（B）。解説 文脈から判断して、「手離しで｣という意味を表す (B) の no hands を選ぶ。そのほかの選択肢では文法的に不適切。 10. Part V； Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It would be so much easier to get along with him if he wasn't always finding ----- with everyone. (A) fault (B) blame (C) guilt (D) wrong ※正解（A）。解説 find fault with 〜（〜のあら探しをする）という表現となるよう、 (A) の fault を選ぶ。 11. Part VI； Error Recognition練習問題 A)Ironically, the rocket launch B)failed due to a single, C)faulty D)five-dollars gauge. 訳：皮肉なことに、ロケットの打ち上げは、5ドルの欠陥計器たった1つのせいで、失敗した。 ※正解（D）。解説 「数詞‐単位名」が形容詞の働きをする場合は、数詞が 2 以上の数であっても単位名は単数で用いる。よって、「 5 ドルの」を意味する (D) は five-dollar としなくてはならない。 12. Part VI； Error Recognition練習問題 If they A)miss B)another deadline, we will have no choice but C)switching to the D)competition. 訳：もし彼らがまた締切に間に合わなければ、競合他社に切り替えるしかないだろう。 ※正解（C）。解説 have no choice but to 〜で「〜するよりほかに仕方がない」という意味。 (C) は to switch とする。 13. Part VI； Error Recognition練習問題 (A)I've had it (B)up to here with you and your friends (C)to make trouble (D)for me. 訳：迷惑なのよ。あなたとあなたのお友だちは、もううんざりだわ。 ※正解（C）。to make → making。(C) have had it up to here with「〜に頭にきている、限界だ」不定詞to makeではなく、分詞making「わたしに迷惑をかけている」が正しい。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Alexander Graham Bell, the Scottish-born inventor and educator ----- known for his invention of the telephone, was only 29 years old when he received his patent for that invention. (A) main (B) most (C) primary (D) best ※正解（D）。【解説】 過去分詞knownの前に形容詞main、primaryが来るはずがない。most knownでもよさそうだが、best known for... で「……でもっともよく知られている」の意味になる。patent「特許」。 2. 空所補充問題 Cells reproduce by dividing ----- to generate a larger number of daughter cells through the processes of meiosis and mitosis. (A) themselves (B) itself (C) herself (D) himself ※正解（A）。【解説】 この文の主語はCells「細胞」なので、herselfとhimselfが使えないのはすぐにわかるだろう。Cellsと複数形になっているので、空所にはitselfではなくthemselvesが入る。reproduce oneself「繁殖する」、meiosis「減数分裂」、mitosis「有糸分裂」。 3. 空所補充問題 In Greek mythology, the minotaur was a monster ----- half bull and half man. (A) who was (B) who (C) was (D) was he ※正解（A）。【解説】 was、was heではbe動詞がダブることになる。whoのままでは空所以降の文の動詞がないことになる。したがって、正解は(A)。mythology「神話」、minotaur「ミノタウロス（牛頭人身の怪物）」。 4. 空所補充問題 ----- October 5, 1960, South Africa voted to end its allegiance to the British Crown and become an independent republic. (A) To (B) For (C) Of (D) On ※正解（D）。【解説】 空所の後にはOctober 5, 1960と特定の日が続いているので前置詞onを空所に入れればいい。allegiance「忠誠」。 5. 空所補充問題 News agencies are organizations that gather, write and ----- news to newspapers, periodicals, radio and television broadcasters rather than directly to the reading public. (A) distribute (B) distributing (C) to distribute (D) distribution ※正解（A）。【解説】 前にある動詞gather、writeに合わせてdistributeを空所に入れればいい。periodical「定期刊行物」。 6. 正誤問題 The global economy grew (A)by less than 3 (B)percents in 1986 (C)despite lower interest rates (D)and sinking oil prices. ※正解（B）。【解説】 percents → percent。前置詞by、despite「……にもかかわらず」、接続詞andの用法に問題はない。パーセントを表す場合にはpercentのあとにsを付ける必要はない。 7. 正誤問題 The national flag of Angola (A)includes a half of a cogwheel (B)as a symbol of industry, a machete (C)symbol agriculture, and the five-pointed star of (D)socialism. ※正解（C）。【解説】 symbol → symbolizing 。includes「……を含む（３人称単数）」、as「……として」に問題はない。symbolのままでは次の語句と繋がらないので、symbolizing、あるいは、 to symbolizeを用いる。socialism「社会主義」、cogwheel「はめ歯歯車」、machete「なた」。 8. 正誤問題 Dwight Whitney Morrow was (A)a New York lawyer (B)who joined the banking firm (C)of J. P. Morgan and Company in 1914, of whose daughter (D)married the famous aviator Charles A. Lindbergh. ※正解（C）。【解説】 of → and。冠詞a、関係代名詞whoの用法に誤りはない。ofのままでは次のwhose daughterと繋がらない。andを使えば文が成立する。marryは他動詞。 9. 正誤問題 (A)In spite of (B)their reputations as mysterious, (C)filth and even demonic creatures, bats are actually harmless, clean and - (D)some believe -- cute animals. ※正解（C）。【解説】 filth → filthy。In spite of... で「……にもかかわらず」の意味。theirはbatsのことを指している。filth「不潔」は名詞。mysterious、demonicに合わせてfilthyと形容詞形にしなくてはいけない。some believeは「……だと思っている人もいる」の意味を表す挿入節。 10. 正誤問題 River deltas (A)can be very successful agricultural areas (B)unless they are usually the areas (C)where fertile sediments transported downstream (D)are deposited. ※正解（B）。【解説】 unless → because。unlessに注目。このままでは意味が通らない。川の三角州（river delta）がvery successful agricultural areasになりうる理由がunless以下に書かれているので、unlessの代わりにbecauseを使う。 II.時事英文 Women Span Hurdles in World Politics (その4；全7回シリーズ) Studies done around the world show that women, in general, are less inclined to run for public office than men. Political scientist Jennifer Lawless of Brown University recently co-authored a similar study in the United States. She surveyed four-thousand professional men and women in 2001 and repeated the poll this year. "In 2001, we found that men were about 20 percentage points more likely than women to have considered running [for office]. And they were about twice as likely as women to have done any of the things that precede a political candidacy, like place their names on the ballot or discuss fund raising," says Lawless. "So then in 2008, it turns out that the gender gap in political ambition is just as big now as it was then. When we asked these men and women if they were interested in politics, if they made campaign contributions, attended political meetings, there were no gender differences. Women are just as interested in politics as men. But for some reason, their interest stops short of running for office." III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ 64 ◆One law for the rich and another for the poor◆ Society is not equal. Rich people can do whatever they want - even if it is bad (or criminal) - because they have power and money, but poor people are always punished. The proverb says that it's almost like there were two legal systems - one for rich people where they are allowed to do what they want, and a stricter, more sever legal system for poor people. III-c. 英語の新語 ◆Wasband◆ Wasband is another word for ex-husband. "Was" is the past tense of "is," and it sounds similar to the "hus" of husband. III -d. 英語でどう言う？ 雨宿りをする take shelter from the rain 【例文】I took shelter from the rain under a big tree. かさをさす put up one's umbrella 【例文】When it started raining, Cathy put up her umbrella and hurried home. びしょ濡れになる get wet to the skin 【例文】As Nary was caught in a shower, she got wet to the skin. 雨があがる let up 【例文】When the rain lets up, we can go start playing baseball again. III-e 今週のイディオム be in the market for 〜を買おうと思っている (be interested in buying something) 直訳すれば「〜を探すために市場の中にいる」の意味。さまざまな物が並んでいる市場(マーケット)の中で、ほしい商品を購入するように、お目当ての商品を手に入れようとする場合に使われます。ただし、商品以外にもアイディアなど抽象的な物が目的語にくる場合もあります。 With that bonus you got, I guess you'll be in the market for a new car. (もらったボーナスで、君は新車を買おうと思っているね) This is a bad time to be in the market for a new house. (新築の家を買うには今は悪い時期だ) I'm always in the market for good new ideas. (私はいつも新しいいい考えを求めている) IV. Jokes a. My parents, both math professors, can't seem to leave their work in the classroom. Recently, I witnessed the following conversation: Mum: Has my midsection gotten larger? Dad: Yes. Mum: Since exactly when? Dad: I don't know. It's a continuous function. But it became statistically significant about six months ago. b. When a car sped past a stop sign at a busy intersection, my uncle, a cop, immediately gave chase and pulled the driver over. "Didn't you see that stop sign back there?" my uncle asked. "Year, I saw it," admitted the driver. "The problem is, I didn't see you." c. Posted on the elevator at work is the usual warning sign: "In case of fire, do not use elevator." Scrawled in pen beneath it is this additional advice: "Use water." d. I got a call from my local library. "The two items you requested are not available," the librarian informed me. "The book on speed reading is overdue, and the person who took out the CD on getting organized has misplaced it." e. While driving to work one morning, I was tuning in to a radio call-in program where the presenter attempted to provide instant solutions to callers' problems. One lady had found a skunk in her basement and was terrified it would spray her if she tried to approach it. "Leave a trail of breadcrumbs from your back garden," said the radio host. "That'll get rid of it." The woman thanked him profusely. An hour later, she called back. "I now have two skunks in my basement. What do I do?" |