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資料No. ： NS080528
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Tobacco smoke contains about 4,000 _______, including 200 known poisons. (A) chemicals (B) nutrition (C) obstacles (D) neutrons 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Temperatures have ranged from 43 to 50 across India over the past month, _______ the hottest summer in 50 years. (A) in making (B) made of (C) they made (D) making it 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Thirteen European countries have signed the first _______ international ban on human cloning as controversy over such experiments heats up. (A) bound (B) binding (C) bind (D) binder 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A little thing to _______ about is that not many housewives are using the Internet. (A) be concerned (B) do concerning (C) do concerned (D) concernment 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The pressures that now drive recycling come _______ from companies, but from governments and voters. (A) straight (B) all (C) not (D) anywhere 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 They set such a high quota that _______ of the workers could meet the standards. (A) most (B) a lot (C) all (D) none 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Many AIDS experts voiced skepticism _______ the vaccine would actually prevent HIV infection in very many people. (A) about whether (B) on which (C) only because (D) in case 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Bill really enjoyed his new job at the hospital as it allowed him to --- his experience working at a retirement home. (A) draw on (B) pull out (C) roll up (D) lay off 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Can you _______ the difference between beans and peas? A) make B) speak C) tell D) divide 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 My father is, at _______ , in New York. A) present B) now C) time D) one time 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The President is faced A)with B)numerous domestic problems, each of C)which D)demand immediate attention. 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I'm of course disappointed A)that you didn't do B)as I asked, but I am C)relieving that at least you've decided to be honest with D)me. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 A)Due to the high humidity, the temperature is not B)nearly as high C)than it D)feels. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The clear, transparent yellow, orange red and brown varieties of the crystallized mineral known as zircon ----- gemstones. (A) often used as are (B) are often used as (C) used as are often (D) as are often used 2. 空所補充問題 Since Stonehenge is constructed of such massive stones, the people who built it must ----- extraordinary technological capabilities. (A) have had (B) to have (C) been having (D) have been 3. 空所補充問題 The job of a lobbyist is to get ----- to the benefit of vested interests. (A) legislators modified decisions (B) decisions to modify by legislators (C) that legislators modify decisions (D) legislators to modify decisions 4. 空所補充問題 Scientists have isolated chemicals that ----- in more or less aggressive ways. (A) make people to behave (B) making people behave (C) make people behave (D) making people behaving 5. 空所補充問題 ----- charged subatomic particles can be studied in a device called a spark chamber. (A) Electric (B) Electricity (C) Electrically (D) Electronics 6. 正誤問題 Thomas Young is (A)best known for his outstanding contributions (B)to the science of optics, (C)although he was also an important physician, (D)physics and Egyptologist. 7. 正誤問題 A liquid is generally defined (A)as a substance (B)that assumes the shape of its container (C)over normal atmospheric and gravitational (D)conditions. 8. 正誤問題 German engineer Karl Benz was one of the early (A)pioneer (B)in the development of vehicles (C)powered by internal combustion (D)engines. 9. 正誤問題 Tax filing procedures have become (A)such complex (B)that many taxpayers have no choice (C)but to have professionals (D)file for them. 10. 正誤問題 Many cactus plants (A)feature sharp thorns (B)that protect the flesh and fruit of the plant (C)from desert birds and (D)another animals. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Tobacco smoke contains about 4,000 _______, including 200 known poisons. (A) chemicals (B) nutrition (C) obstacles (D) neutrons 訳:タバコの煙は約4000ほどの化学物質を含んでいるが、そのうち200は毒性物質として知られている。 ※正解（A）。《解説》containもincludeも「〜を含む」の意味。ただし、containは あるものを内容の全体として含む場合に、includeはある物を内容の一部として含む場合に用いられる。ここではタバコがその中に4000もの何を入れているかを考えるが、答えは複数名詞になる。 《選択肢》(A) chemicals「化学物質」、(B) nutrition「栄養（物）」、(C) obstacles「障害（物）」、(D) neutrons「中性子」 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Temperatures have ranged from 43 to 50 across India over the past month, _______ the hottest summer in 50 years. (A) in making (B) made of (C) they made (D) making it 訳:インド中でこの1か月の間、気温が43度から50度にもなり、50年ぶりの暑さとなった。 ※正解（D）。《解説》コンマの後の語句とその前の文とを何らかの形で接続しなければならない。選択肢には接続詞はないから、どうやら (D) を選んで分詞構文でつなぐことになる。making it the hottest summerは「一番暑い夏にして」の意味。itは漠然と天気状況を指している。 《選択肢》(A) in making 〜「〜を作る際に」、(B) made of 〜「〜からできて（いる）」 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Thirteen European countries have signed the first _______ international ban on human cloning as controversy over such experiments heats up. (A) bound (B) binding (C) bind (D) binder 訳:ヨーロッパでは13か国が、そのような実験をめぐる議論が高まる中で、人間のクローンを禁止する最初の拘束力をもつ国際的な条約に署名した。 ※正解（B）。《解説》選択肢を見ると、いずれもbind「〜を縛る、拘束する」の活用形、ないし派生語である。ここではinternational ban「国際的な禁止」という名詞句を修飾するのであるから形容詞形、ないしその機能をもつものを選べばよい。(A) のboundは過去分詞で「拘束された」の受け身の意味。(B) のbindingは現在分詞が形容詞化した語で、「拘束力のある」の意味。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 A little thing to _______ about is that not many housewives are using the Internet. (A) be concerned (B) do concerning (C) do concerned (D) concernment 訳：インターネットを利用している主婦は多くないということは少し懸念しておかなければならない。 ※正解（A）。《解説》concernはbe concerned about 〜で「〜を心配する、懸念する」の意味になる（= be anxious about）。ここではto不定詞の形容詞的用法でA little thing「ささやかなこと」を後ろから修飾している。 《選択肢》concernment「心配、関係、重要性」 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The pressures that now drive recycling come _______ from companies, but from governments and voters. (A) straight (B) all (C) not (D) anywhere 訳：今ではリサイクルを促す圧力は、企業からではなく、行政や投票者から来る。 ※正解（C）。《解説》文の内容はリサイクル運動に駆り立てる圧力はどこから来るかということ。ポイントは接続詞のbutで、from companiesとfrom governments and votersとがbutを用いた相関表現の中で対比的に述べられている。結論は (C) を選んで、not 〜 but ...「〜ではなくて…」の形にする。 《選択肢》straight「真っすぐに」、anywhere「どこかに」 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 They set such a high quota that _______ of the workers could meet the standards. (A) most (B) a lot (C) all (D) none 訳：非常に高い割り当てを与えられて、労働者は1人もその基準を満たすことができなかった。 ※正解（D）。《解説》such 〜 that ...「とても〜なので、…」に注意して文の意味をしっかり押さえること。a high quotaは「高い割り当て」、meet the standardsは「基準を満たす」。「高い割り当てなので、だれも基準を満たせない」という意味にするのが自然。none of the workers 〜は「労働者の1人として〜しない」の全否定の表現。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Many AIDS experts voiced skepticism _______ the vaccine would actually prevent HIV infection in very many people. (A) about whether (B) on which (C) only because (D) in case 訳：多くのエイズの専門家がそのワクチンに対して、実際に多くの人々のHIV感染を防ぐことができるかどうか疑問を投げかけた。 ※正解（A）。《解説》skepticism「懐疑」に着目して、「〜かどうか懐疑を表明した」の意味で文を作る。Aを選ぶことになるが、whetherはaboutの目的語になる名詞節を作る接続詞。vaccine「ワクチン」、HIV infection「HIV（ウィルスによる）感染」 《選択肢》(C) のonly becauseは「ただ〜のために」、(D) のin caseは「〜の場合に」の意味。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Bill really enjoyed his new job at the hospital as it allowed him to --- his experience working at a retirement home. (A) draw on (B) pull out (C) roll up (D) lay off ※正解（A）。熟語力問題です。draw on「(経験、知識等を)利用する」の意味。 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Can you _______ the difference between beans and peas? A) make B) speak C) tell D) divide 訳：豆とエンドウ豆の区別ができますか？ ※正解（C）。tell 「見分ける、分かる」の意味。tell the difference between X and Y「XとYを区別する」の意味になります。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 My father is, at _______ , in New York. A) present B) now C) time D) one time 訳：父は現在、ニューヨークにいます。 ※正解（B）。at present「現在のところ」の意味で、nowと同じ意味。 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 The President is faced A)with B)numerous domestic problems, each of C)which D)demand immediate attention. 訳：大統領は国内に非常に多くの問題を抱えていて、それぞれの問題に差し迫った対処が必要だ。 ※正解（D）。解説 (C) の which は numerous domestic problems を受けているが、 demand （〜を必要とする）の主語は each of which である。 each （それぞれ）は単数扱いなので、 (D) を demands としなくてはならない。 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 I'm of course disappointed A)that you didn't do B)as I asked, but I am C)relieving that at least you've decided to be honest with D)me. 訳：君が私の頼んだとおりにやらなかったことには、もちろん失望しているが、少なくとも君が私にうそを言わないと決めたことには、安心している。 ※正解（C）。解説 「〜ということに安心する」は be relieved that 〜でなくてはならないので、 (C) が誤り。 (B) の as は「〜するやり方で、〜するように」という意味で、正しい。 of course 〜 but. . . （もちろん〜だが……）という文構造にも注意する。 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 A)Due to the high humidity, the temperature is not B)nearly as high C)than it D)feels. 訳：湿度が高いので、気温は決して感じるほどに高くはない。 ※正解（C）。解説 as 〜 than. . . という形はないため、 (C) が誤り。 not nearly as 〜 as. . . （決して……ほど〜ではない）という形にするべき。 not nearly は「決して〜でない」という強い否定を表す。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 The clear, transparent yellow, orange red and brown varieties of the crystallized mineral known as zircon ----- gemstones. (A) often used as are (B) are often used as (C) used as are often (D) as are often used ※正解（B）。【解説】 The clearからzirconまでがこの文の主語になるので、空所には動詞が入る。したがって、(D)は不可。また、usedを動詞として用いても文は成立しないので(A)と(C)も正解ではない。(B)を空所に入れれば「……としてよく使われる」の意味になる。transparent「透明な」、zircon「ジルコン」、gemstone「宝石の原石」。 2. 空所補充問題 Since Stonehenge is constructed of such massive stones, the people who built it must ----- extraordinary technological capabilities. (A) have had (B) to have (C) been having (D) have been ※正解（A）。【解説】 mustの後に不定詞to、beenは使えない。must have had... を空所に入れれば「並はずれた技術力を持っていたに違いない」の意味になる。 3. 空所補充問題 The job of a lobbyist is to get ----- to the benefit of vested interests. (A) legislators modified decisions (B) decisions to modify by legislators (C) that legislators modify decisions (D) legislators to modify decisions ※正解（D）。【解説】 getには「get+人+to+動詞」の使役用法（なんとか……させる）がある。(D)がこれに該当する。lobbyist「ロビイスト」、legislator「国会議員」。 4. 空所補充問題 Scientists have isolated chemicals that ----- in more or less aggressive ways. (A) make people to behave (B) making people behave (C) make people behave (D) making people behaving ※正解（C）。【解説】 makeの使役用法に注目。makeの場合には後に来る動詞は原形になるので、(C)make people behaveが正解。 5. 空所補充問題 ----- charged subatomic particles can be studied in a device called a spark chamber. (A) Electric (B) Electricity (C) Electrically (D) Electronics ※正解（C）。【解説】 chargedはsubatomic particles「素粒子」にかかる過去分詞。空所にはchargedを修飾する語がは入ることになるので、正解は(C) Electrically（副詞）。electrically chargedで「電荷を帯びた」の意味になる。 6. 正誤問題 Thomas Young is (A)best known for his outstanding contributions (B)to the science of optics, (C)although he was also an important physician, (D)physics and Egyptologist. ※正解(D)。【解説】 physics → physicist。physics「物理学」の前後の語に注目。physician「医師」、Egyptologist「エジプト学者」と人を表す語が並んでいるので、physicsはphysicist「物理学者」にしなくてはいけない。 7. 正誤問題 A liquid is generally defined (A)as a substance (B)that assumes the shape of its container (C)over normal atmospheric and gravitational (D)conditions. ※正解(C)。【解説】 over → under。【解説】be defined as... で「……として定義される」の意味。関係代名詞thatに問題はない。「……の状況下では」の意味を表すには前置詞overではなくunderを用いる。conditionは可算名詞。 8. 正誤問題 German engineer Karl Benz was one of the early (A)pioneer (B)in the development of vehicles (C)powered by internal combustion (D)engines. ※正解(A)。【解説】 pioneer → pioneers。one of the earlyの後のpioneerを複数形にしなければ文が成立しない。前置詞in、(that/which were) powered by、可算名詞enginesに問題はない。 9. 正誤問題 Tax filing procedures have become (A)such complex (B)that many taxpayers have no choice (C)but to have professionals (D)file for them. ※正解(A)。【解説】 such → so。complex「複雑な」は形容詞なので、suchではなくsoを用いる。これでso... that構文になる。 10. 正誤問題 Many cactus plants (A)feature sharp thorns (B)that protect the flesh and fruit of the plant (C)from desert birds and (D)another animals. ※正解(D)。【解説】 another → other。この場合のfeatureは「……を特徴とする」の意味。関係代名詞that、protect... fromに問題はない。animalsと複数形になっているので、anotherではなくotherを用いる。 II.時事英文 Cities Around the World Are 'Going Green' (その3：全9回シリーズ) New York City is experimenting with using waves in the East River to create energy. And, in Oakland California, you can ride on one of several public hydrogen-powered buses. These buses release zero pollution into the air. However, they cost five times more than common buses. Cost is also a major issue in creating "green" buildings and systems. These building materials usually cost more money than normal building materials. But, homeowners are increasingly willing to pay more money to have lower energy costs in the future. And, builders are increasingly offering green building methods as they become more and more important to buyers. Investors are also betting on this interest. The National Venture Capital Association says people invested more than two billion dollars in clean technologies last year. III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆Like father, like son◆ Many children, whether they like it or not, eventually become like their parents. Traditionally, the son becomes like the father, and the daughter becomes like the mother. This proverb is used when father and son behave in the same way. Maybe, they both enjoy gambling, or maybe, they are both kind people. In these cases, you can say, "Like father, like son." In the case of mothers and daughters, you can say "like mother, like daughter" and, although it is not so common, you can say "like father, like daughter" or "like mother, like son." III-c. 英語の新語 ◆Pleather◆ Pleather is a combination of the words "leather" and "plastic." It is a plastic material used in clothes to look like leather. It used to be worn by people who did not have enough money to buy leather, but the status of pleather is rising in the fashion world. It is also popular, like fake fur, because of its animal activist image. Pleather looks like leather but you do not have to kill an animal to get it. III -d. 英語でどう言う？ 新しい靴を履き慣らす break in new shoes 【例文】I usually break in new shoes slowly to prevent blisters. 試着する try on 【例文】Taro tried on several jackets, but he didn't like any of them. 寸法をとる measure 【例文】The tailor measured me for a suit. 裾(すそ)を詰める shorten 【例文】The tailor shotened my pants by 3 centimeters. III-e 今週のイディオム turn the tables 形勢を逆転する (reverse the situation) 文字通りには「テーブルを回す」の意味。チェスなどのゲームで試合を面白くするために盤を半回転させて攻守所を変え、有利な立場にある人を入れ換えたことに由来します。不利な立場から一転して有利な立場に立つ場合に使われます。 The candidate turned the tables and won the election. (その候補者は形勢を逆転して選挙で勝利した) The only way to turn the tables on our competitors is to increase the quality of our products. (ライバル会社との形勢を逆転する唯一の方法は、わが社の製品の質を高めることだ) Our team can still turn the tables on them if we just score three more goals. (あとゴールを3つ決めれば、わがチームはまだ逆転できる) IV. Jokes a. Our aged minister stood in front of the coffin, paying detailed tribute to my deceased friend. He spoke of his service to the community, his courage in the war, his travels world-wide and so on. The accolades went on rather long and a four-year-old boy called Andrew sat fidgeting impatiently in the second row of pews. Finally, he snapped and shouted at the top of his voice, "When are you going to open the box?" b. I was driving my young daughter, who was dressed as a witch, to a friend's fancy dress party. "Mummy," she asked, "what do witches say when they're making a spell?" I told her they might say "Hubble, Bubble, Toil and Trouble!" She seemed satisfied with this and went off to the party. When I picked her up a few hours later, however, she was very subdued. I asked her if anything was the matter. She said everyone at the party kept laughing at her. "Why would they do that?" I asked, concerned. "I don't know," she replied. "But every time I made a spell, they just laughed." "What did you say?" "Just what you told me to. Double, Bubble, Toilet Trouble." c. Piled on a neighbor's front lawn was an array of "Free Stuff", including a large electric fan. The first thing I noticed was that it was missing one of its five blades. The second thing I noticed was the cheery sign taped to it: "Still 80% Effective!" d. Some shoppers, it seems, go too far when it comes to sampling the merchandise before they buy. I was walking through the bath department at The Home Depot when I noticed this sign next to a row of toilets: "For Display Use Only." |