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資料No. ： NS080521
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ of cultural differences, what is your take on those computer software commercials that came in from the U.S.? (A) Spoken (B) Speaking (C) In speech (D) The speech 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If Miss Green _______ me some notice, I could have prepared the room for her arrival. (A) would give (B) had given (C) has given (D) gave 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 To my regret, not only Mr. Wilson but also his boss _______ on a business trip then. (A) were (B) had been (C) has been (D) was 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Like the tropical forests _______ they are frequently compared, reefs are repositories of vast biological wealth. (A) to which (B) in order (C) with that (D) in which 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She _______ that she had forgotten to mail the letters. (A) permitted (B) admitted (C) attempted (D) acquitted 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It _______ be better if you transfer the funds directly to our bank. (A) could (B) might (C) shall (D) perhaps 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 This is to _______ you that our Nagoya office will open in May. (A) impress (B) announce (C) inform (D) address 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 To the delight of local environmentalists, Bridlington town council has --- plans to build car park near a local nature reserve. (A) surrounded (B) scrapped (C) snatched (D) scribbled 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Before --- on a career in medicine, it is important to remember that it takes years of hard work to gain the necessary qualifications. (A) prevailing (B) intruding (C) relaying (D) embarking 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 OK, everyone. Thanks for coming. I know you're all busy, so let's --- business. First of all, I'd like your opinions on our rival's plans to expand sports car production. (A) look out for (B) get down to (C) put up with (D) move in with 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 A)By the end of the year, B)the stock analysts C)predict, the market D)has climbed to record levels. 訳：株式専門家は、市場が年末までに記録的な水準にまで上がっているだろうと予測している。 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 A)Instead of B)increase profits, the new acquisitions C)plunged the corporation deeper D)into debt. 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Passengers A)who are continuing on this flight to New York are also requested B)to take their hand C)luggages with them when D)deplaning. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 ----- thick ridges of bristle in its enormous, permanently grinning mouth, the right whale feeds on plankton that it strains from the surface of the water. (A) Equipped with (B) Equipped to (C) Equipping at (D) For equipping 2. 空所補充問題 The tree shrews are the ----- primitive of the primates, while humans are the most advanced. (A) many (B) most (C) more (D) much 3. 空所補充問題 The Eddas are two well-known ----- of ancient Icelandic literature. (A) collections (B) collected (C) collectors (D) collectives 4. 空所補充問題 The Babylonians conquered the southern kingdom of Judea in 586 B.C., ----- the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem. (A) had destroyed (B) destroyed (C) destroying (D) to destroy 5. 空所補充問題 If water is heated under pressures higher than average atmospheric pressure at sea level, ----- until it reaches a temperature higher than 100 degrees C or 212 degrees F. (A) it is not boiling (B) it boils not (C) it would not boil (D) it will not boil 6. 正誤問題 (A)Even water that feels comfortably warm (B)to the touch can cause hypothermia (C)on prolonged contact if it is (D)significant lower than natural body temperature. 7. 正誤問題 The function of the kidneys (A)is (B)served as filters that help (C)remove impurities (D)from the bloodstream. 8. 正誤問題 A parent may make a child (A)to conform to behavioral patterns (B)that adults associate with positive cultural (C)attributes, but these behaviors are not (D)necessarily an indication of healthy development. 9. 正誤問題 The lower-case letter 'a' (A)had developed (B)a standard shape about 300 years (C)late than the upper-case version of the letter (D)by 300 A.D. 10. 正誤問題 The theory of continental drift (A)was (B)bolstering in 1970 (C)by the discovery of fossilized reptile bones (D)on Antarctica. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ of cultural differences, what is your take on those computer software commercials that came in from the U.S.? (A) Spoken (B) Speaking (C) In speech (D) The speech 訳：文化の違いと言えば、アメリカから来た例のコンピュータ・ソフトウェアのコマーシャルをあなたはどう思いますか。 ※正解（B）。《解説》慣用的な独立分詞構文の問題。ここで「文化の違い (cultural differences) と言えば、…」と冒頭の部分で話題を提示している。(B) を選んでSpeaking of 〜とする。なお、Talking of 〜と言っても同じ。your take on 〜は「〜に対するあなたの受け取り方（口語）」。慣用句としては、Strictly speaking「厳密に言えば」、 Frankly speaking「率直に言えば」などもよく見る表現。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If Miss Green _______ me some notice, I could have prepared the room for her arrival. (A) would give (B) had given (C) has given (D) gave 訳：もしグリーンさんが来ることを知らせてくれていたなら、私は彼女に部屋を用意しておくことができただろう。 ※正解（B）。《解説》過去の事実に反することを仮定して言う仮定法過去完了の文。主節はI could have prepared the room for 〜「私は〜のために部屋を用意しておくことができただろう」と仮定法過去完了なので、If節もこれに合わせて「had＋過去分詞」の形で作る。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 To my regret, not only Mr. Wilson but also his boss _______ on a business trip then. (A) were (B) had been (C) has been (D) was 訳：残念なことに、ウィルソン氏だけでなく、彼の上司までもが、そのとき出張中であった。 ※正解（D）。《解説》相関接続詞not only A but also B「AだけでなくBもまた」の構文では、これが主語に来た場合、動詞はBに一致させる。Bにあたるのは、ここではhis boss「彼の上司」で単数名詞である。なお、then「そのとき」があるので、時制は過去形が適当で、(B) や (C) の完了時制は不適当。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Like the tropical forests _______ they are frequently compared, reefs are repositories of vast biological wealth. (A) to which (B) in order (C) with that (D) in which 訳：よく比較される熱帯の森林のように、珊瑚礁はおびただしい生物の宝庫である。 ※正解（A）。《解説》comparedはbe compared to[with] 〜の形で「〜と比較される」の意味になる。the tropical forests「熱帯の森林」を先行詞とする関係代名詞を空所に入れることになるが、この場合compared につく前置詞（toないしwith）が関係代名詞の前に場所を移す形になる。 《選択肢》 (C) は関係詞のthatはその前に前置詞を置くことはできないので誤り。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She _______ that she had forgotten to mail the letters. (A) permitted (B) admitted (C) attempted (D) acquitted 訳：彼女は手紙を出すのを忘れたことを認めました。 ※正解（B）。「認める」の意味の動詞を選びます。parmit は「許可する」。attempt は「試みる」。acquit は「釈放する」。admit は通例自分に都合の悪いことをしぶしぶ認めるような場合に用いられます。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 It _______ be better if you transfer the funds directly to our bank. (A) could (B) might (C) shall (D) perhaps 訳：資金を直接当行に移しかえていただいた方が良いかもしれません。 ※正解（B）。まず、perhaps は副詞であるので、ここには入らない（後ろに原形の be があるので）ことを理解したい。後は意味上どれが一番適切かを判断するしかありません。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 This is to _______ you that our Nagoya office will open in May. (A) impress (B) announce (C) inform (D) address 訳：当社名古屋支店が 5 月に開店することをお知らせいたします。 ※正解（C）。impress と address は意味上不自然。announce は announce that ... の形をとるか、または announce the opening of ... の形であれば可。inform は動詞＋目的語＋ that ... の形をとることができる。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 To the delight of local environmentalists, Bridlington town council has --- plans to build car park near a local nature reserve. (A) surrounded (B) scrapped (C) snatched (D) scribbled ※正解（B）。単語力問題です。文の内容を理解し、さらに選択肢の単語の意味を知らないと正解にたどり着けません。scrap「廃止する」の意味。 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Before --- on a career in medicine, it is important to remember that it takes years of hard work to gain the necessary qualifications. (A) prevailing (B) intruding (C) relaying (D) embarking ※正解（D）。単語力問題です。embark「乗船する、着手する」の意味。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 OK, everyone. Thanks for coming. I know you're all busy, so let's --- business. First of all, I'd like your opinions on our rival's plans to expand sports car production. (A) look out for (B) get down to (C) put up with (D) move in with ※正解（B）。熟語力問題です。get down to … 「…に本腰を入れて取り掛かる」の意味。 11. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 A)By the end of the year, B)the stock analysts C)predict, the market D)has climbed to record levels. 訳：株式専門家は、市場が年末までに記録的な水準にまで上がっているだろうと予測している。 ※正解（D）。解説 By the end of the year （年末までに）と、未来のある時点を指しているので、 (D) の動詞の時制を未来完了の will have climbed に変えなけえればならない。ちなみに、the stock analysts predict （株式専門家は〜と分析している）は挿入句である。 12. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 A)Instead of B)increase profits, the new acquisitions C)plunged the corporation deeper D)into debt. 訳：新たに吸収合併された部門は、利益を増やすどころか、会社をより深刻な債務に追い込んだ。 ※正解（B）。解説 instead of 〜（〜どころか、〜の代わりに）には、名詞や動名詞が来るべき。よって、 (B) を動詞の increase ではなく、動名詞の increasing とする。 13. Part VI; Error Recognition練習問題 Passengers A)who are continuing on this flight to New York are also requested B)to take their hand C)luggages with them when D)deplaning. 訳：この便で引き続きニューヨークまでおいでになるお客さまも、飛行機から降りる際には手荷物をお持ちくださるよう、お願いいたします。 ※正解（C）。解説 hand luggage （手荷物）は、「旅行かばん」や「スーツケース」など、いろいろな種類の荷物の総称なので、 luggage という名詞 1 つで、それらすべての物を含んだ「荷物」という意味を表し、不可算名詞として扱われる。よって、 (C) の luggages を luggage に変え、 hand luggage とするべき。ちなみに、主節と when 節の主語が同じ場合は when の後の主語と be 動詞は省略されることがあるので、 (D) は正しい。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 ----- thick ridges of bristle in its enormous, permanently grinning mouth, the right whale feeds on plankton that it strains from the surface of the water. (A) Equipped with (B) Equipped to (C) Equipping at (D) For equipping ※正解（A）。【解説】 equipには前置詞withが伴うことを知っていれば答えがすぐに分かる。be equipped with... で「……が備わっている」の意味になる。文頭のBeingが略されている。right whale「セミクジラ」、bristle「剛毛」。 2. 空所補充問題 The tree shrews are the ----- primitive of the primates, while humans are the most advanced. (A) many (B) most (C) more (D) much ※正解（B）。【解説】 while以下にthe mostが使われることがヒントになる。the mostとthe mostを使って対比しているのである。tree shrew「キネズミ」、primate「霊長類」。 3. 空所補充問題 The Eddas are two well-known ----- of ancient Icelandic literature. (A) collections (B) collected (C) collectors (D) collectives ※正解（A）。【解説】 形容詞well-knownの後に過去分詞collectedが来るはずがない。The Eddasとは「アイルランド語で書かれた古代の詩歌集」のことである。したがって、正解は(A) collections「収集物」である。 4. 空所補充問題 The Babylonians conquered the southern kingdom of Judea in 586 B.C., ----- the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem. (A) had destroyed (B) destroyed (C) destroying (D) to destroy ※正解（C）。【解説】 この文の動詞はconqueredである。(A) (B)を空所に入れると動詞がダブることになる。分詞destroyingを使えばand destroyedの意味を表し文が繋がるようになる。目的を表す(D) to destroyは不可。 5. 空所補充問題 If water is heated under pressures higher than average atmospheric pressure at sea level, ----- until it reaches a temperature higher than 100 degrees C or 212 degrees F. (A) it is not boiling (B) it boils not (C) it would not boil (D) it will not boil ※正解（D）。【解説】 (B) it boils notの語順がおかしいのは明らか。If water is... となっているので(C) it would not boil（仮定法）は不可。進行形ではなく未来形(D) it will not boilを空所に入れれば「もし〜すると、……までしない」の意味になる。atmospheric pressure「大気圧」。 6. 正誤問題 (A)Even water that feels comfortably warm (B)to the touch can cause hypothermia (C)on prolonged contact if it is (D)significant lower than natural body temperature. ※正解(D)。【解説】 significant → significantly。文頭のEven、前置詞to、onに問題はない。significantはlowerを修飾しているので、ここでは副詞significantlyを用いる。hypothermia「低体温」。 7. 正誤問題 The function of the kidneys (A)is (B)served as filters that help (C)remove impurities (D)from the bloodstream. ※正解(B)。【解説】 served → to serve。isは単数の主語The functionに呼応している。受け身served as... は一見すると問題がないように思えるが、is以下で腎臓の機能に関する説明をしているので、不定詞を用いてto serve as... 「……として働くこと」にしなければ意味が通らない。helpの後のto不定詞は頻繁に省略される。またremoveに対応した前置詞fromに誤りはない。 8. 正誤問題 A parent may make a child (A)to conform to behavioral patterns (B)that adults associate with positive cultural (C)attributes, but these behaviors are not (D)necessarily an indication of healthy development. ※正解(A)。【解説】 to conform → conform。to conformの前に使役動詞makeが使われているのでtoは不要である。関係代名詞that、可算名詞attributes「特性、属性」、not necessarily「必ずしも……ではない」の用法に問題はない。 9. 正誤問題 The lower-case letter 'a' (A)had developed (B)a standard shape about 300 years (C)late than the upper-case version of the letter (D)by 300 A.D. ※正解(C)。【解説】 late → later。lateの後にthanがあることに注目。laterにしなければ比較の文にならない。lower-case「小文字の」、upper-case「大文字の」。 10. 正誤問題 The theory of continental drift (A)was (B)bolstering in 1970 (C)by the discovery of fossilized reptile bones (D)on Antarctica. ※正解(B)。【解説】 bolstering → bolstered。bolsterは「支持する」という意味の他動詞である。後にbyが出てくるので、ここはbolsteredと受け身にしなければ意味が通らない。fossilized「化石化した」。 II.時事英文 Cities Around the World Are 'Going Green' (その2：全9回シリーズ) Eight years ago, officials in Chicago, Illinois, decided to replace the black tar roof on the city government building with a planted garden. The aim was to reduce energy costs, improve air quality and control the amount of rainwater entering the city's waste system. Green roofs also help reduce a problem called urban heat islands. During hot weather, the building's tar roof could reach temperatures of up to seventy-six degrees Celsius. With the garden, the temperature of the roof area was reduced by at least thirty degrees Celsius. Workers planted over one hundred fifty kinds of plants that could survive severe weather. Now, the area is cooler, the building requires less energy to keep cool, and the roof looks nice. Chicago also offers money to help people pay for building their own green roof systems. The city of Boston, Massachusetts has started developing a plan for a program to make compost fertilizer out of dead leaves, plants and food waste. The gases released from the plant waste would provide the electrical power needed to operate the compost center. After being processed in this environmentally safe center, the compost material could be sold locally. This plan would reduce pollution made by the current waste center and could produce enough electricity to power up to one thousand five hundred homes. III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆It never rains but it pours◆ The literal meaning of this proverb is that when it rains, it never rains lightly. It always rains heavily. What this means is that when a bad or unlucky thing happens to you, it will be either very bad or (more usually) many bad things will happen to you at once, you will go through a very unlucky period. You are never a little unlucky; when you are unlucky, you are very unlucky. III-c. 英語の新語 ◆Pajamahadeen◆ The Pajamahadeen are individuals who challenge and check the work of the traditional media, like newspapers, television, radio, etc. The word is a combination of "pajama" and Islamic militant group "Mujahideen." This suggests people dressed in their pajamas, who sit all day in front of their computers, aggressively voicing their opinions or looking for mistakes in other people's work. III -d. 英語でどう言う？ 電話をかける make a hpone call 【例文】Yoko makes a phone call to her boyfriend almost every day. 電話を切る hang up the phone 【例文】I'm in a hurry. I've got to hang up the phone now. 留守番電話に伝言を残す leave a message on the answering machine 【例文】She was not at home. So, I left a message on the answering machine. 電話を転送する transfer the call 【例文】Please hold on. I will transfer the call to Professor White. III-e 今週のイディオム be in the driver's seat 責任者(経営者)の立場にある、指示する立場にある (be in charge, be in control of a situation) 文字通りには「運転席にいる」の意味。車の運転席に座って、スピードや進む方向を決める様子を、物事の責任ある立場や支配的な地位にたとえた表現です。 The founder of our company died 5 years ago. Since then, his daughter has been in the driver's seat. (わが社の創立者は5年前に亡くなった。それ以来、彼の娘が経営者の立場にいる) My friends know I like to be in the driver's seat when planning these parties. (これらのパーティーを計画するとなると、僕が仕切る立場にいたいことを友人たちは分かっている) IV. Jokes a. The thought of my first plane trip terrified me. But after the ticket agent quoted statistics proving that flying was safe, I felt much better. "Now take this to Gate 22," he said, handing me my ticket. "That's where we give out the helmets, scarves, goggles and parachutes." b. When my friend Rachel was expecting, I asked, "Do you know the baby's sex?" "Yes," she replied, "but we've decided not to announce it." "Can I take a guess?" "Sure, go ahead." "Is it a girl?" "Oh, no." she replied. "You're way off." c. Browsing in a junk shop, I overheard a woman shout out, "What part of my body do I measure this with?" The woman behind the counter looked up and replied, "That's an abacus." d. Our barbershop quartet - an all-girl group - was invited to perform at prison. We never had a better audience. The inmates called for encore after encore. Finally, our director said, "This next number is a little long. How much time do you have?" Someone shouted, "Five to ten years." e. Just as I was finishing hike at Carl Sandburg National Historic Site in North Carolina, I heard a group of campers discussing recent bear sightings in the area. "If you meet a bear, don't run," said one camper to the others. His friend seemed surprised. "Really? Why?" Because, I interjected, "bears like fast food." |