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資料No. ： NS080305
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ you work all night, you won't finish by the morning. (A) Even (B) Even if (C) Furthermore (D) Nevertheless 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The man you just asked about is sitting near the window _______ the host and his wife. (A) among (B) besides (C) between (D) closely 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In that area a lot of people carry concealed weapons _______ being attacked by bandits. (A) in case (B) just in case (C) in any case (D) in case of 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We regret that _______ the typhoon we were not able to finish the project on time. (A) due for (B) owing from (C) because of (D) because 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm getting a little worried about Bill because I haven't heard from him _______. (A) lately (B) on late (C) nowaday (D) in these days 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The new phone system will allow us to contact our branches _______. (A) directional (B) directive (C) director (D) directly 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I don't think they're working _______ to finish on schedule. (A) enough fast (B) fast enough (C) quite enough fast (D) very fast enough 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 News coverage of its charity activities gave the company's image a ___________ when it desperately needed some good publicity. A) increase B) upturn C) boost D) helping 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 All factory workers undergo extensive training to learn how to _____________ the machinery properly. A) collaborate B) instigate C) manipulate D) propagate 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Customers were unable to ____________ their coupons for merchandise because the campaign had ended on the previous day. A) restore B) redeem C) receive D) release 11. Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Everytime I (B)watch the (C)television drama (D)which is called "Who!?". 12. Error Recognition練習問題 Many (A)of my friends (B)be angry (C)because she (D)told them a lie. 13. Error Recognition練習問題 He r(A)eally put (B)his foot in his mouth (C)when he told (D)she that she was fat. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Defined legally, a guardian is a person appointed by a court ----- another person, who is called a ward. (A) caring for (B) cared for (C) to care for (D) care for 2. 空所補充問題 It was in To Have and Have Not, the first movie Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall starred in together, ----- Bacall uttered her famous line "If you need anything, just whistle." (A) that (B) where (C) which (D) who 3. 空所補充問題 The League of United Latin American Citizens, ----- in 1929 in Texas, is an organization of Spanish-speaking people in the United States. (A) found (B) founded (C) to found (D) founding 4. 空所補充問題 If the sun's energy output ----- by as little as five to seven percent, the result would be a global biological catastrophe. (A) were being to vary (B) been varying (C) would be varying (D) were to vary 5. 空所補充問題 "James" is ----- a common name that it identifies two English kings and five monarchs of Scotland. (A) so (B) such (C) very (D) much 6. 正誤問題 (A)Ever since the earliest (B)existing texts were set down, writers have always used (C)similes or metaphors to get a point (D)around. 7. 正誤問題 (A)The ceboid monkeys, (B)which include the marmosets and (C)tamarins, are native (D)of South and Central America. 8. 正誤問題 Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro are (A)Brazil's largest cities, (B)with populations of (C)over 17 million and 6 million, (D)respectfully. 9. 正誤問題 In (A)the early 19th century, Elizabeth Louise Vigee Le Brun (B)is one of the (C)most popular portrait painters in France (D)before the French Revolution. 10. 正誤問題 The (A)basis of kinship systems (B)is the concept of descent, (C)that begins (D)with the essential mother-child relationship. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 _______ you work all night, you won't finish by the morning. (A) Even (B) Even if (C) Furthermore (D) Nevertheless 訳：たとえ徹夜でやっても、朝までに仕上がることはないだろう。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】文頭にきて後続する2つの節を文法的・意味的に結合できるのは従位接続詞のifを含む (B) のみ。even if 〜 は「たとえ〜でも」の意。 【選択肢】evenだけが独立して従位接続詞機能を果たすことはない。furthermore（さらにその上に）やnevertheless（それにもかかわらず）は、「前に言われたこと」とのつながりを示すもので、後続する2つの節どうしをこれらによって結ぶことはできない。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The man you just asked about is sitting near the window _______ the host and his wife. (A) among (B) besides (C) between (D) closely 訳：あなたが今し方お尋ねになった方は、窓の近くでホスト夫妻にはさまれて座っているあの方です。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】消去法でいくと、amongは3人以上に用いるから (A) は不可。besidesには位置関係の近さを表す用法はないから (B) も不可。closelyは副詞で問題外。ということで正解は (C) となる。英語では、このようにまずnear the windowと大まかなほうを言って、続くbetween the host and his wifeで絞り込む、という形が好まれる （cf. out in the garden）。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 In that area a lot of people carry concealed weapons _______ being attacked by bandits. (A) in case (B) just in case (C) in any case (D) in case of 訳：その地域では、追いはぎに遭ったときの用心に多くの人が武器を隠し持って歩いている。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】空所の後の -ing形（動名詞）とうまくつながるものをさがすと、群前置詞の (D) となる。in case of 〜は「〜に備えて、〜の用心のために」ということで、この意の場合は文の後半に位置するのが通例。もう1つ「〜の場合は、〜が起こったら」の意もあるが、その場合は文頭がふつう。 【選択肢】(A) はifの意の群接続詞または「万一に備えて」の意の副詞句。(B) は副詞句としての (A) にjustがついたもの。(C) は「とにかく、いずれにせよ」の意の副詞句。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 We regret that _______ the typhoon we were not able to finish the project on time. (A) due for (B) owing from (C) because of (D) because 訳：台風のためにプロジェクトが予定どおり終了できなかったのが残念である。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】「台風のために」の意を伝える正しい群前置詞を選ぶ問題。 【選択肢】dueとowingはいずれもtoと結びついて「〜のために」の意になる。(D) のbecauseは接続詞。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm getting a little worried about Bill because I haven't heard from him _______. (A) lately (B) on late (C) nowaday (D) in these days 訳：このところビルから連絡がないので少し心配になってきてるところだ。 ※正解(A)。【着眼点】「このところ彼から連絡がない」という文脈。latelyは「最近」の意で通例完了形とともに用いる。 【選択肢】(B) はof late（=lately）なら可。(C) は「今日［当節］の」の意の形容詞。「今日［近頃］では」はthese daysとは言うがinはつけない（ → cf. in those days）。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The new phone system will allow us to contact our branches _______. (A) directional (B) directive (C) director (D) directly 訳：その新しい電話システムは支店と直に連絡をとることを可能にしてくれるだろう。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】動詞のcontact（〜に連絡する）を修飾する副詞を選ぶ問題。接尾辞から容易に判断できる。 【選択肢】(A), (B) は形容詞語尾をもっている。(C) は副詞のdirectを比較級にしたつもりかもしれないが、副詞の場合この形はない（※最上級のdirectestは時に使われることもある）。なお、形容詞の場合はmore型と -er型両方の比較変化がある。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I don't think they're working _______ to finish on schedule. (A) enough fast (B) fast enough (C) quite enough fast (D) very fast enough 訳：あの人たちの仕事のはかどり具合では予定どおり終了しそうにない。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】副詞 (fast) を修飾するenoughの位置に関する問題。enoughはfastの後にこなければならない。 【選択肢】(A) と (C) は語順が不可。(D) は語順の点では問題ないが、fastの前にさらにveryがついている点がよくない（ → ×very fast [carefully, etc.] enoughのような言い方はしない）。なお、enough自体をextremely, so [too] much, very (much) などの程度副詞で修飾するのも不可なので注意（×extremely [so (much), too (much), very (much) ] enough）。quiteについてはquite fast enoughのように言うことはできる。 【文構造】enoughはよくto不定詞を従えて「to以下ができるくらい十分」の意で用いられる。 8. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 News coverage of its charity activities gave the company's image a ___________ when it desperately needed some good publicity. A) increase B) upturn C) boost D) helping 訳：良い広報活動を切望していた折に、慈善活動がニュースで取り上げられたことで、その会社のイメージが高まった。 ※正解(C)。boost 「あと押し」の意味。A,Bは直前の冠詞がaと合わないことと、imageと一緒には用いないので不適。 9. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 All factory workers undergo extensive training to learn how to _____________ the machinery properly. A) collaborate B) instigate C) manipulate D) propagate 訳：全ての工場作業者はその機械を正しく操作できるように広範囲の訓練を受ける。 ※正解(C)。manipulate 「操作する」の意味。 10. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Customers were unable to ____________ their coupons for merchandise because the campaign had ended on the previous day. A) restore B) redeem C) receive D) release 訳：キャンペーンがその前日に終了していたので、顧客たちはクーポンを商品と引き換えることができなかった。 ※正解(B)。redeem 「引き換える」の意味。 11. Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Everytime I (B)watch the (C)television drama (D)which is called "Who!?". 訳：「だれ！？」というテレビドラマを毎日見る。 ※正解(A)。Everytime → Everyday。(A) every time<接続詞的に>「(〜する)たびごとに」<口語>「いつ(で)も、例外なく」副詞で「いつも」という語はalwaysなど。 12. Error Recognition練習問題 Many (A)of my friends (B)be angry (C)because she (D)told them a lie. 訳：彼女が嘘をついたので、わたしの友だちの多くは腹を立てている。 ※正解(B)。be → are。[ヒント] be動詞の前に助動詞がついていないのでbe動詞は人称や時制の影響を受ける。 13. Error Recognition練習問題 He r(A)eally put (B)his foot in his mouth (C)when he told (D)she that she was fat. 訳：彼女にむかって太っていると言ってしまったとき、彼は本当に窮地にたった。(彼女に太っていると言ってしまい、彼はまずいと思った。) ※正解(D)。she → her。(B) put one's foot in one's mouthtell<口語>「困った失敗をする、へまなことを言って、困った立場に陥る」tell<+目(+ that)>「(人に〜と)言う｣間接話法の表現として用いる。fat「(まるまると)太った、肥満した｣ (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Defined legally, a guardian is a person appointed by a court ----- another person, who is called a ward. (A) caring for (B) cared for (C) to care for (D) care for ※正解(C)。【解説】 a person who is appointed by a court to care for... のwho isが略されている。be appointed to... で「……するために任命される」の意味。guardian「後見人」。 2. 空所補充問題 It was in To Have and Have Not, the first movie Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall starred in together, ----- Bacall uttered her famous line "If you need anything, just whistle." (A) that (B) where (C) which (D) who ※正解(A)。【解説】 空所の前のカンマに惑わされてはいけない。ここは関係代名詞whichではなく接続詞thatを用いる。この文はIt... that〜の強調構文である。 3. 空所補充問題 The League of United Latin American Citizens, ----- in 1929 in Texas, is an organization of Spanish-speaking people in the United States. (A) found (B) founded (C) to found (D) founding ※正解(B)。【解説】 The League「同盟、連盟」が発見されたのではなく、創設された(founded)のである。空所の前にwhich wasを補って考える。 4. 空所補充問題 If the sun's energy output ----- by as little as five to seven percent, the result would be a global biological catastrophe. (A) were being to vary (B) been varying (C) would be varying (D) were to vary ※正解(D)。【解説】 were being to varyとbeen varyingが空所に入らないのはすぐに分かるだろう。これは仮定法の文だがwould be varyingとvaryを進行形にする必要はない。were to ... で「もし……するとしたら」の意味になる。catastrophe「大惨事、大災害」。 5. 空所補充問題 "James" is ----- a common name that it identifies two English kings and five monarchs of Scotland. (A) so (B) such (C) very (D) much ※正解(B)。【解説】 冠詞aの前にveryとmuchは使えない。soも同様である。a common name that...で「とてもよくある名前なので……」の意味なる。 6. 正誤問題 (A)Ever since the earliest (B)existing texts were set down, writers have always used (C)similes or metaphors to get a point (D)around. ※正解(D)。around → across。「（人に）分からせる、伝える」の意味にするにはaroundではなくacrossを用いる。simile「直喩」、metaphor「隠喩」。 7. 正誤問題 (A)The ceboid monkeys, (B)which include the marmosets and (C)tamarins, are native (D)of South and Central America. ※正解(D)。of → to。冠詞The、関係代名詞whichと動詞includeの用法に問題はない。tamarins（サルの一種）の前に冠詞theは必要ない。be native to... で「……原産の」という意味。 8. 正誤問題 Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro are (A)Brazil's largest cities, (B)with populations of (C)over 17 million and 6 million, (D)respectfully. ※正解(D)。respectfully → respectively。respectfullyは「うやうやしく」の意味。ここはrespectively「それぞれ」を使わなくては意味が通らない。 9. 正誤問題 In (A)the early 19th century, Elizabeth Louise Vigee Le Brun (B)is one of the (C)most popular portrait painters in France (D)before the French Revolution. ※正解(B)。is → was。文頭にIn the early 19th century「19世紀初期において」があるので、isは過去形wasにしなくてはいけない。 10. 正誤問題 The (A)basis of kinship systems (B)is the concept of descent, (C)that begins (D)with the essential mother-child relationship. ※正解(C)。that → which。isはこの文の主語basis「基礎（単数）」に呼応している。関係代名詞thatの前にカンマがあるので、ここはwhichを用いる。前置詞withに問題はない。kinship「親戚関係」。 II.時事英文 How China Is Reorganizing World Economy (その9：全17回シリーズ) "They are more politically neutral in their lending. They are in there to build roads and power plants and new ports because they want to get raw materials. They don't inquire in to the politics of the local government," says McKinnon. "This is why Africans don't mind Chinese investing and are more comfortable with that than a lot of Western government investing." 「彼らは、彼らの貸出においてより政治的に中立です。 彼らが原料を得たいので、彼らは道と発電所と新しい港を建設するためにそこにいます。 彼らは、地方自治の政策に、中で問い合わせません」と、マキノンが言います。 「そういうわけで、アフリカ人は投資している中国人の世話をしなくて、投資している多くの西洋の政府よりそれに対して不安がありません。」 III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆Haste makes waste◆ It's best to do things slowly and thoughtfully. If you are always in a hurry, you will make mistakes and you will use up more energy and sometimes more time than if you were less in a hurry. III -c. 英語の新語 ◆Job spill◆ An oil spill is what happens when a ship carrying oil sinks and all the oil goes into the surrounding sea, creating an environmental disaster. A job spill refers to work from a job that takes up personal time. You are given so much work that you have to use your spare time to do it. This work is job spill. III-d. 英語のフレーズ ◆ You risk more by not risking anything.◆ （ まったくリスクを冒さないようにすると、リスクは増える） III-e. 今週のイディオム hold down the fort 留守を守る、代役を務める (be responsible for something while the person usually responsible for it is not there) 文字通りには「とりで(fort)を守る」の意味。外敵から自分たちの城を守ることに由来する表現で、責任者などがいない間に代役を務めたり、留守を守ったりする場合に使われます。 You hold down the fort and take care of the kids while I go pick up some pizza. (私がピザを取りに行っている間、君が留守を守って子供たちの面倒を見てくれ) While my boss was on holiday, his secretary held down the fort. (社長が休暇をとっている間は、彼の秘書が代役を務めた) IV. Jokes a. A man and his wife are sitting in the living room. He says to her, "Just so you know, I never want to live in a vegetative state, dependent on some machine. If that ever happens, just pull the plug." So she gets up and unplugs the TV. vegetative state 植物状態 b. Dave works long long hours at the office and spends most evenings working out. His wife thinks he's pushing himself too hard, so for his birthday she takes him to a strip club. The doorman greets them, saying, "Hi, Dave, how are you doing?" Dave's wife is puzzled and asks if he's been to the strip joint before. "Oh, no," says Dave. "He's in my running club." They take their seats and the waitress asks Dave if he'd like his usual drink. His wife is getting uneasy, "You must come here a lot for that woman to know what you drink." "No, dear," says Dave. "That lady also works in the health club bar." A stripper comes over to their table and puts her arms around Dave. "Hi, Davey," she says. "Want your usual table dance?" Furious, Dave's wife storms out of the club and into a taxi. Dave gets in beside her and she starts screaming at him. "All right, Dave?" asks the cabby, turning round. "Looks like you picked up a moody one tonight." c. Joe couldn't take much more of his blind date. Luckily, he arranged for a friend to ring the restaurant at nine with an excuse for him to leave. Sure enough, he was called to the phone on the hour and returned to tell his date. "I've got to go. My father's died." "Thank heavens for that," the date replied. "If yours hadn't, mine would have had to." blind date お見合いデート |