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資料No. ： NS080116
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 They set such a high quota that ＿＿＿＿＿ of the workers could meet the standards. (A) most (B) a lot (C) all (D) none 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Many AIDS experts voiced skepticism ＿＿＿＿＿ the vaccine would actually prevent HIV infection in very many people. (A) about whether (B) on which (C) only because (D) in case 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 ＿＿＿＿＿ of cultural differences, what is your take on those computer software commercials that came in from the U.S.? (A) Spoken (B) Speaking (C) In speech (D) The speech 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If Miss Green ＿＿＿＿＿ me some notice, I could have prepared the room for her arrival. (A) would give (B) had given (C) has given (D) gave 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The manuscript will be delivered to the editor --- the proof-reading is done. (A) owing to (B) in time for (C) as soon as (D) due to 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Ever since the merger, analysts have --- financial difficulties for the company. (A) to predict (B) been predicting (C) been predicted (D) predicts 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 --- by the enthusiastic response from the crowd, Frederick decided to tell another joke before starting his presentation. (A) Surprise (B) Surprising (C) Surprised (D) Surprises 8. Error Recognition練習問題 You can watch the chefs （A）to prepare your meal right （B）in front of you at the counter （C）while you munch （D）on crusty bread. 9. Error Recognition練習問題 One of the most popular （A）offerings （B）is the Pineapple Burger for $4.20, （C）that you have to try （D）to appreciate. 10. Error Recognition練習問題 Mr. Smith （A）told the secretary that she （B）had to （C）finish the job completely （D）till the time she went home. 11. Error Recognition練習問題 If you (A)insist on (B)to tell lies about me, I will (C)sue you for (D)slander. 12. Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Even though I (B)meet him every day, I (C)have forgotten (D)him name. 13. Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)wanted to go to Hawaii, (B)and I didn't have (C)enough money (D)to buy a ticket. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Artist Winslow Homer is said ----- barred from one of his own exhibitions for trying to touch up his paintings while they were on display. (A) to been being (B) to have to be (C) having been (D) to have been 2. 空所補充問題 ----- that the improvements to general quality of life made possible by the Industrial Revolution were realized. (A) It was not until the mid-20th century (B) Not until the mid-20th century it was (C) Until the mid-20th century it was not (D) The mid-20th century wasn't until 3. 空所補充問題 Peoples such as the modern Polynesians, ----- metabolic systems have adapted by becoming very efficient, often develop a high incidence of obesity when a modern diet is introduced. (A) their (B) that (C) whose (D) which 4. 空所補充問題 Experimental evidence suggests that children learn ----- red before other colors. (A) distinguish (B) distinguished (C) distinguishing (D) to distinguish 5. 空所補充問題 A certain amount of academic freedom is necessary in order to bring ----- the technological advances a country needs to remain economically powerful. (A) across (B) through (C) around (D) about 6. 正誤問題 The volume of information (A)published every year is (B)thousand of times (C)greater than (D)it was 100 years ago. 7. 正誤問題 (A)Despite concerted efforts to keep the peace process (B)alive, difficult problems (C)continue and persist in (D)the Middle East. 8. 正誤問題 One unexpected development (A)resulting from the rapid progress of computer technology (B)is the emergence of (C)the industry of restoring and (D)to maintain antique computers. 9. 正誤問題 An increasing (A)numbers of drugs that (B)require a doctor's prescription (C)are being advertised directly to the general public, (D)rather than to doctors. 10. 正誤問題 (A)A mirage is an optical illusion usually (B)generating (C)when light is refracted irregularly in air of differing (D)densities near the ground. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 They set such a high quota that ＿＿＿＿＿ of the workers could meet the standards. (A) most (B) a lot (C) all (D) none 訳：非常に高い割り当てを与えられて，労働者は１人もその基準を満たすことができなかった。 ※正解(D)。《解説》such 〜 that ...「とても〜なので，…」に注意して文の意味をしっかり押さえること。a high quotaは「高い割り当て」，meet the standardsは「基準を満たす」。「高い割り当てなので，だれも基準を満たせない」という意味にするのが自然。none of the workers 〜は「労働者の１人として〜しない」の全否定の表現。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Many AIDS experts voiced skepticism ＿＿＿＿＿ the vaccine would actually prevent HIV infection in very many people. (A) about whether (B) on which (C) only because (D) in case 訳：多くのエイズの専門家がそのワクチンに対して，実際に多くの人々のHIV感染を防ぐことができるかどうか疑問を投げかけた。 ※正解(A)。《解説》skepticism「懐疑」に着目して，「〜かどうか懐疑を表明した」の意味で文を作る。Aを選ぶことになるが，whetherはaboutの目的語になる名詞節を作る接続詞。vaccine「ワクチン」，HIV infection「HIV（ウィルスによる）感染」 《選択肢》（C） のonly becauseは「ただ〜のために」，（D） のin caseは「〜の場合に」の意味。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 ＿＿＿＿＿ of cultural differences, what is your take on those computer software commercials that came in from the U.S.? (A) Spoken (B) Speaking (C) In speech (D) The speech 訳：文化の違いと言えば，アメリカから来た例のコンピュータ・ソフトウェアのコマーシャルをあなたはどう思いますか。 ※正解(B)。《解説》慣用的な独立分詞構文の問題。ここで「文化の違い （cultural differences） と言えば，…」と冒頭の部分で話題を提示している。（B） を選んでSpeaking of 〜とする。なお，Talking of 〜と言っても同じ。your take on 〜は「〜に対するあなたの受け取り方（口語）」。慣用句としては，Strictly speaking「厳密に言えば」， Frankly speaking「率直に言えば」などもよく見る表現。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If Miss Green ＿＿＿＿＿ me some notice, I could have prepared the room for her arrival. (A) would give (B) had given (C) has given (D) gave 訳：もしグリーンさんが来ることを知らせてくれていたなら，私は彼女に部屋を用意しておくことができただろう。 ※正解(B)。《解説》過去の事実に反することを仮定して言う仮定法過去完了の文。主節はI could have prepared the room for 〜「私は〜のために部屋を用意しておくことができただろう」と仮定法過去完了なので，If節もこれに合わせて「had＋過去分詞」の形で作る。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The manuscript will be delivered to the editor --- the proof-reading is done. (A) owing to (B) in time for (C) as soon as (D) due to ※接続詞関連の問題です。空所の直後にはそれぞれS + Vの構造があるため、空所には接続詞を入れるべきだと分かります。正解はC。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Ever since the merger, analysts have --- financial difficulties for the company. (A) to predict (B) been predicting (C) been predicted (D) predicts ※時制の問題です。Ever sinceは完了形と相性の良い語句です。正解はB。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 --- by the enthusiastic response from the crowd, Frederick decided to tell another joke before starting his presentation. (A) Surprise (B) Surprising (C) Surprised (D) Surprises ※分詞構文の復習問題です。主節の主語Frederickを空所の前に補って考えると、Frederick was surprised …となります。分詞構文にするとBeing surprisedとなりますが、受身のBeingは省略するため、正解はC。 8. Error Recognition練習問題 You can watch the chefs （A）to prepare your meal right （B）in front of you at the counter （C）while you munch （D）on crusty bread. 訳：あなたは堅い皮のパンをむしゃつきながら，カウンターの目の前であなたの食事を用意しているシェフを見ることができる。 ※正解(A)。《解説》watch「見る」は知覚動詞で，「watch＋O（ 目的語）＋原形不定詞」の形をとって，「O（目的語）が〜するのを見る」の意味を作る。したがって，下線部Aのto prepareは誤りで，原形不定詞のprepareに代える。 《下線部》munch on 〜「〜をむしゃむしゃ食べる」 9. Error Recognition練習問題 One of the most popular （A）offerings （B）is the Pineapple Burger for $4.20, （C）that you have to try （D）to appreciate. 訳：最も人気のある目玉商品の１つが4.20ドルのパイナップルバーガーで，ぜひ試食してみるべきだ。 ※正解(C)。《解説》下線部Cのthatはthe Pineapple Burger「パイナップルバーガー」を先行詞にする関係代名詞ということであろうが，thatはコンマのある非制限用法には用いることができない。したがって，thatは誤りで代わりにwhichをおく。 《下線部》offerings「目玉商品」，appreciate「味わう」 10. Error Recognition練習問題 Mr. Smith （A）told the secretary that she （B）had to （C）finish the job completely （D）till the time she went home. 訳：スミス氏は秘書に彼女の帰宅前にその仕事を完全に仕上げておくようにと言った。 ※正解(D)。《解説》the time she went homeはthe time の後に関係副詞whenが省略された形と考えられ，「彼女が帰宅するとき」という意味。問題はその前の前置詞。tillは「〜までずっと」，byは「〜までには」の意味。この場合tillでは文意が通らないのでbyに代える。 《下線部》主節のtoldの時制に一致させてhad toと過去形になっている。 11. Error Recognition練習問題 If you (A)insist on (B)to tell lies about me, I will (C)sue you for (D)slander. 訳：わたしのことで嘘をつき続けるならば、名誉毀損で告訴します。 (B) → telling。(A)(B) insist on ...ing (C) sue<+for>「(人を〜のかどで)告訴する」(D) slander「中傷」「口頭名誉毀損」 12. Error Recognition練習問題 (A)Even though I (B)meet him every day, I (C)have forgotten (D)him name. 訳：毎日会っているのに、彼の名前を忘れてしまった。 (D) → his name。(A) even though ...「〜であるのに、〜だが」(D)「彼の名前」名詞を修飾する代名詞所有格。 13. Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)wanted to go to Hawaii, (B)and I didn't have (C)enough money (D)to buy a ticket. 訳：ハワイへ行きたかったが、チケットを買う余裕がなかった。 (B) → but。(B)前の語･句･節と反対、または対照する語･句･節を導く接続詞はbut。 I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Artist Winslow Homer is said ----- barred from one of his own exhibitions for trying to touch up his paintings while they were on display. (A) to been being (B) to have to be (C) having been (D) to have been ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所以降では過去に起きたことについて述べている。したがって、ここではto have beenを使うことになる。touch up「手直しする」。 2. 空所補充問題 ----- that the improvements to general quality of life made possible by the Industrial Revolution were realized. (A) It was not until the mid-20th century (B) Not until the mid-20th century it was (C) Until the mid-20th century it was not (D) The mid-20th century wasn't until ※正解(A)。【解説】 notとuntilの組み合わせがポイント。It was not until... that 〜で「……になって初めて〜した」の意味になる。Industrial Revolution「産業革命」。 3. 空所補充問題 Peoples such as the modern Polynesians, ----- metabolic systems have adapted by becoming very efficient, often develop a high incidence of obesity when a modern diet is introduced. (A) their (B) that (C) whose (D) which ※正解(C)。【解説】 空所にtheirを入れては前後の文が繋がらない。空所の前にカンマがあるのでここでは関係代名詞thatは使えない。whichではadaptedの目的語がPolynesiansになり意味が通らない。正解は(C) whoseである。adapt「順応する（自動詞）」。incidence「発生率」、obesity「肥満」。 4. 空所補充問題 Experimental evidence suggests that children learn ----- red before other colors. (A) distinguish (B) distinguished (C) distinguishing (D) to distinguish ※正解(D)。【解説】 learnの後にto不定詞を続けて「他の色より先に赤を識別するようになる」の意味を笑わす。 5. 空所補充問題 A certain amount of academic freedom is necessary in order to bring ----- the technological advances a country needs to remain economically powerful. (A) across (B) through (C) around (D) about ※正解(D)。【解説】 空所にaboutを入れれば、bring about...「…… をもたらす」の意味になり、前後の文が繋がる。 6. 正誤問題 The volume of information (A)published every year is (B)thousand of times (C)greater than (D)it was 100 years ago. ※正解(B)。thousand → thousands。publishedの前にはthat/which isが略されている。「何千倍」の意味にするには複数形thousandsを用いる。比較級greater thanと代名詞itの用法に誤りはない。 7. 正誤問題 (A)Despite concerted efforts to keep the peace process (B)alive, difficult problems (C)continue and persist in (D)the Middle East. ※正解(C)。continue and→ カット。continue and persistに注目。persist「存続する、尾を引く」の前に、同じような意味のcontinueを使う必要はない。 8. 正誤問題 One unexpected development (A)resulting from the rapid progress of computer technology (B)is the emergence of (C)the industry of restoring and (D)to maintain antique computers. ※正解(D)。to maintain → maintaining。to maintainはrestoringと同じようにthe industry of... の後に続いている。したがって、ここではto不定詞ではなく動名詞形maintainingにしなければならない。 9. 正誤問題 An increasing (A)numbers of drugs that (B)require a doctor's prescription (C)are being advertised directly to the general public, (D)rather than to doctors. ※正解(A)。numbers → number。a number of「多くの」に形容詞increasing「ますます増える」が付け足されていると考える。したがって、複数形numbersが誤りとなる。prescription「処方箋」。 10. 正誤問題 (A)A mirage is an optical illusion usually (B)generating (C)when light is refracted irregularly in air of differing (D)densities near the ground. ※正解(B)。generating → generated。mirage「蜃気楼」は可算名詞である。generate「引き起こす、発生させる」は他動詞なので、ここではgenerated（過去分詞）と受け身にしなくてはならない。接続詞whenとdensities「密度」に誤りはない。 II.時事英文 How China Is Reorganizing World Economy (その2：全17回シリーズ) Workers labor on a construction site for apartment buildings in Beijing 労働者は、北京のアパートの建設用地に精を出します Many analysts measure China's emergence as an industrial powerhouse by its increase in employment of some 25 million workers a year. It is the equivalent of adding another middle-sized industrial country to the world economy annually. 多くのアナリストは、1年につき約2500万人の労働者の雇用のその増加による産業の原動力として、中国の出現を測ります。 それは、毎年もう一つの中型工業国を世界経済に加えること相当です。 III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆Every ass likes to hear himself bray◆ Idiots and fools like to talk a lot. They like to hear the sound of their own voice. An ass is a donkey, which also means fool. Braying is the sound that donkey make. III -c. 英語の新語 ◆Granny dumping◆ Granny dumping is the act of abandoning an elderly relative in a public place, such as a bus station or a hospital. The usual reason for granny dumping is that the family is no longer able (or no longer wants) to take care of the elderly relative. The family hopes someone else (usually the government) will look after and pay for the relative. Curiously, granny dumping refers to abandoning both old men and old women. III-d. 英語のフレーズ ◆ Trouble is only opportunity in disguise.◆ （困難はチャンスが姿を変えたものにすぎない） III-e. 今週のイディオム wear the pants (妻が)家庭で主導権を握る (be the person in a family who makes the decisions) ズボン(pants)は男性がはくものだったことから夫婦の一方が家庭を支配したり、牛耳っている様子を表して用いられる慣用表現。女性について言えば、かかあ天下である、亭主を尻の下に敷くという文脈で使われます。英国ではwear the trousersが一般的です。なお、wear pantsは単に「ズボンをはく」の意味です。 My wife may sound disrespectful, but she knows I wear the pants in the family. (私の妻は無礼な感じがするかもしれないが、家で主導権を握っているのは私であることを心得ている) Mrs. Brown seems to wear the pants in her family. (ブラウン家では奥さんが実験を握っているようだ) IV. Jokes a. Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from humanity as possible. He sees the mailman once a week and goes out to buy groceries once a month. Other than that, it's total peace and quiet. After six months of solitude, a huge bearded man knocks on his door. "Hi, I'm Chuck, your neighbor from down the road," he says. "I'm having a party on Friday night, and I thought you might like to come." "Great," says Tom. "I'm ready to meet a few locals." "I have warn you," says Chuck. "There will be some drinking." "Fine by me," says Tom. "And more than likely some fighting too." "I think I can handle that," says Tom. "And there will probably be some wild sex." "That's not a problem," says Tom. "I'm quite broad-minded. Now what should I wear?" "It doesn't matter - it's just going to be two of us." b. An elderly lady visits her recently deceased husband at the funeral parlor. "I see he's wearing a black suit," she tells the undertaker. "His dying wish was to wear a blue suit." The undertaker says he'll see what he can do. The next day, when the woman returns, her husband is wearing a blue suit. "Where did you get it?" she asks. "After you left, a man about your husband's size was brought in," the undertaker says. "He was wearing a blue suit, but his wife wanted him buried in black. After that, it was simply a matter of swapping the heads." |