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資料No. ： NS080110
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 To my regret, not only Mr. Wilson but also his boss ＿＿＿＿＿ on a business trip then. (A) were (B) had been (C) has been (D) was 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Like the tropical forests ＿＿＿＿＿ they are frequently compared, reefs are repositories of vast biological wealth. (A) to which (B) in order (C) with that (D) in which 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Margaret could not meet Mr. Smith at the station, so she ＿＿＿＿＿ to the office instead. (A) has never been (B) has been (C) had not gone (D) had to go 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You can count on John as a ＿＿＿＿＿ spokesman for labor in the wage-raise negotiations. (A) season (B) seasonable (C) seasoned (D) seasonal 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The weather eventually cleared up, so it was not necessary to --- the game after all. (A) prohibit (B) prorate (C) prepare (D) postpone 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Locating --- candidates for positions has been a challenge for the human resources department so far this year. (A) qualification (B) qualified (C) qualities (D) qualifies 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 --- to gather support for his plan, Mr. Wilkins decided to explain the details to various staff members individually. (A) Hoped (B) Hoping (C) Hopefulness (D) Hopeless 8. Error Recognition練習問題 The best merit is （A）which we can use a computer network and （B）improve （C）efficiency of accounting calculations （D）such as sales and cost. 9. Error Recognition練習問題 （A）The success of the peace （B）talks was one of （C）the most remarkable （D）event this year. 10. Error Recognition練習問題 Because ultraviolet radiation is （A）damaged to DNA, you （B）should avoid unnecessary （C）exposure to high levels of （D）it. 11. Error Recognition練習問題 As I must (A)to move out of (B)my old apartment, (C)will you help me to find (D)a new one? 12. Error Recognition練習問題 (A)When the tornado (B)struck, many (C)thousand of people were left (D)homeless. 13. Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)asked her (B)direct questions, but she (C)avoided answering (D)it. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 ----- the body's ability to produce proteins called antibodies upon exposure to infectious disease, no animal could survive an epidemic. (A) Were it not for (B) For it were not (C) It were not for (D) Not were in for 2. 空所補充問題 According to some economists, ----- primitive form of commodity transaction is not barter exchange, but theft. (A) most (B) the most (C) many (D) the much 3. 空所補充問題 ----- the theories developed to explain allergic reactions, no single one can explain all the observed phenomena. (A) Into (B) Of all (C) Out on (D) Throughout 4. 空所補充問題 Locks ----- those built on the Suez and Panama Canals allow ships to pass between bodies of water with varying water levels. (A) such as (B) as (C) that are (D) for 5. 空所補充問題 -----, an area of rain forest the size of 10-12 city blocks is lost to fire, logging and other forms of destruction. (A) For a minute (B) All minutes (C) The minutes (D) Every minute 6. 正誤問題 Plumbing was (A)virtually unknown in North American (B)homes (C)until the second half of (D)a 19th century. 7. 正誤問題 Students haven't reached a consensus (A)on whether we should switch (B)to a (C)two-semester year, and neither (D)the faculty has. 8. 正誤問題 (A)Which social insects such as ants and bees die, their bodies emit (B)hormones (C)that alarm other members of (D)their nest. 9. 正誤問題 Rising sea levels (A)resulted from global warming are (B)expected to pose the danger of major flooding in (C)heavily populated coastal areas (D)worldwide. 10. 正誤問題 Moscow is an inland city, (A)but (B)a system of canals makes (C)them accessible (D)from five seas. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 To my regret, not only Mr. Wilson but also his boss ＿＿＿＿＿ on a business trip then. (A) were (B) had been (C) has been (D) was 訳：残念なことに，ウィルソン氏だけでなく，彼の上司までもが，そのとき出張中であった。 ※正解(D)。《解説》相関接続詞not only A but also B「AだけでなくBもまた」の構文では，これが主語に来た場合，動詞はBに一致させる。Bにあたるのは，ここではhis boss「彼の上司」で単数名詞である。なお，then「そのとき」があるので，時制は過去形が適当で，（B） や （C） の完了時制は不適当。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Like the tropical forests ＿＿＿＿＿ they are frequently compared, reefs are repositories of vast biological wealth. (A) to which (B) in order (C) with that (D) in which 訳：よく比較される熱帯の森林のように，珊瑚礁はおびただしい生物の宝庫である。 ※正解(A)。《解説》comparedはbe compared to[with] 〜の形で「〜と比較される」の意味になる。the tropical forests「熱帯の森林」を先行詞とする関係代名詞を空所に入れることになるが，この場合compared につく前置詞（toないしwith）が関係代名詞の前に場所を移す形になる。 《選択肢》 （C） は関係詞のthatはその前に前置詞を置くことはできないので誤り。 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Margaret could not meet Mr. Smith at the station, so she ＿＿＿＿＿ to the office instead. (A) has never been (B) has been (C) had not gone (D) had to go 訳：マーガレットは駅でスミス氏に会うことができなかったので，代わりにオフィスまで行かなければならなかった。 ※正解(D)。《解説》「駅で会うことができなかったので，その代わりに〜」という内容をよく留意して，空所に入れる語を選ぶこと。（D） を選べば「代わりにオフィスまで行かなければならなかった」という意味になり適当。 《選択肢》（A） の has never been （to 〜）は「（〜へ） 行ったことがない」，（B） の has been （to 〜）は「（〜へ） 行ったことがある」 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 You can count on John as a ＿＿＿＿＿ spokesman for labor in the wage-raise negotiations. (A) season (B) seasonable (C) seasoned (D) seasonal 訳：賃上げ交渉の際，労働者側の経験豊かな代弁者としてあなたがたはジョンを頼りにできる。 ※正解(C)。《解説》空所に入れる語でspokesman「代弁者」を修飾させて名詞句を作ることになる。すなわち，count on John as 〜（名詞句）で「ジョンを〜として頼りにする」という表現を完成させる。（C） のseasonedは「経験豊かな，熟した」という意味の形容詞。 《選択肢》seasonable「（天候）季節にふさわしい」, seasonal「季節的な」 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The weather eventually cleared up, so it was not necessary to --- the game after all. (A) prohibit (B) prorate (C) prepare (D) postpone ※語彙問題です。D「延期する」の意味を知っていれば、正解できます。正解はD。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Locating --- candidates for positions has been a challenge for the human resources department so far this year. (A) qualification (B) qualified (C) qualities (D) qualifies ※品詞の問題です。空所に入る語は直後の名詞candidatesを修飾するので形容詞だと分かります。正解はB。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 --- to gather support for his plan, Mr. Wilkins decided to explain the details to various staff members individually. (A) Hoped (B) Hoping (C) Hopefulness (D) Hopeless ※分詞構文の問題です。空所の前にMr. Wilkinsを補って考えると、Mr. Wilkins hopedとなることが分かります。分詞構文では動詞を〜ing形にするので正解はB。 8. Error Recognition練習問題 The best merit is （A）which we can use a computer network and （B）improve （C）efficiency of accounting calculations （D）such as sales and cost. 訳：第一のメリットはコンピュータ・ネットワークを活用し，売り上げやコストなどの経理計算の効率を向上させることができることだ。 ※正解(A)。《解説》文全体はSVCの文。主語はThe best meritで述語動詞はis。補語はwhich以下すべてと言いたいところだが，whichでは補語となる名詞節を作れない。whichの代わりに名詞節（〜ということ）を作る接続詞であるthatを持ってくる。 《下線部》improve efficiency「効率を向上させる」，such as 〜「〜のような」。 9. Error Recognition練習問題 （A）The success of the peace （B）talks was one of （C）the most remarkable （D）event this year. 訳：その平和交渉の成功は今年の最も特筆すべき出来事の１つであった。 ※正解(D)。《解説》「one of the ＋最上級の形容詞＋複数名詞」で「最も〜であるものの１つ」という表現になる。最上級の形容詞の後には複数名詞がくることに注意。したがって，eventは誤りで，eventsに直す。 《下線部》the peace talks「平和交渉」 10. Error Recognition練習問題 Because ultraviolet radiation is （A）damaged to DNA, you （B）should avoid unnecessary （C）exposure to high levels of （D）it. 訳：紫外線はDNAに損傷を与えるので，高レベルの紫外線に不必要に身をさらすのを避けるべきだ。 ※正解(A)。《解説》「紫外線 （ultraviolet radiation） はDNAに損傷を与える」という内容にすべきところであるが，is damagedでは「損傷される」という意味になってしまう。damagedをdamaging「損害を与える，有害な」という意味の形容詞に代える。 《下線部》unnecessary exposure to 〜「不必要に〜にさらすこと」 11. Error Recognition練習問題 As I must (A)to move out of (B)my old apartment, (C)will you help me to find (D)a new one? 訳：古いアパート出て行かなくちゃいけないんだけど、新しいとこ探すの手伝ってくれない？ (A) → move。(A) must (助動詞)+動詞原形 12. Error Recognition練習問題 (A)When the tornado (B)struck, many (C)thousand of people were left (D)homeless. 訳：竜巻に襲われ、何千もの人々が家を失った。 (C) → thousands。tornado「大竜巻」(C) thosand [複数形で] <+of>「多数、何千、数千」(many) thousands of peoplele「何千もの人々」ave<+目+補>「(人･ものを〜の状態に)しておく」(D) homeless「家のない、ホームレスの」 13. Error Recognition練習問題 I (A)asked her (B)direct questions, but she (C)avoided answering (D)it. 訳：わたしは率直に質問をしたが、彼女は返答を避けた。 (D) → them。(B) direct「率直な」(C) avoid<+doing>「(〜するのを)避ける」[ヒント]数の一致。questionsは複数形だから、それを受ける代名詞も複数。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 ----- the body's ability to produce proteins called antibodies upon exposure to infectious disease, no animal could survive an epidemic. (A) Were it not for (B) For it were not (C) It were not for (D) Not were in for ※正解(A)。ここでポイントとなっているのは語順倒置された仮定法の文Were it not for... 「もし……がなかったら」を知っているかどうかである。antibody「抗体」。 2. 空所補充問題 According to some economists, ----- primitive form of commodity transaction is not barter exchange, but theft. (A) most (B) the most (C) many (D) the much ※正解(B)。manyとmuchが使えないのは明らか。primitive formの前に最上級のmostを使うには冠詞theが必要になる。commodity transaction「商品取引」、barter exchange「物々交換」。 3. 空所補充問題 ----- the theories developed to explain allergic reactions, no single one can explain all the observed phenomena. (A) Into (B) Of all (C) Out on (D) Throughout ※正解(B)。Of all the theories... とすれば、「……の理論の内、どれ一つとして〜を説明できるのもはない」の意味になる。 4. 空所補充問題 Locks ----- those built on the Suez and Panama Canals allow ships to pass between bodies of water with varying water levels. (A) such as (B) as (C) that are (D) for ※正解(A)。空所の後にはthose built... で具体的なLocks「閘門（運河で水位を調節して船舶を上・下降させる装置）」の例が挙げられているので、ここではsuch asを使うことになる。 5. 空所補充問題 -----, an area of rain forest the size of 10-12 city blocks is lost to fire, logging and other forms of destruction. (A) For a minute (B) All minutes (C) The minutes (D) Every minute ※正解(D)。熱帯雨林が毎分どれだけ失われているかが述べられている。「毎分」はevery minuteで表現する。 6. 正誤問題 Plumbing was (A)virtually unknown in North American (B)homes (C)until the second half of (D)a 19th century. ※正解(D)。a → the。virtually unknown「ほとんど知られていない」、可算名詞homes、前置詞untilの用法に問題はない。「19世紀」はthe 19th centuryと冠詞theを使う。 7. 正誤問題 Students haven't reached a consensus (A)on whether we should switch (B)to a (C)two-semester year, and neither (D)the faculty has. ※正解(D)。the faculty has → has the faculty。neitherと否定語が前に出ていることに注目。このような場合には、has the facultyと語順倒置をしなくてはならない。 8. 正誤問題 (A)Which social insects such as ants and bees die, their bodies emit (B)hormones (C)that alarm other members of (D)their nest. ※正解(A)。Which → When。Whichで始めてはこの文は成り立たない。Whenにすれば意味が通るようになる。emit「出す」。 9. 正誤問題 Rising sea levels (A)resulted from global warming are (B)expected to pose the danger of major flooding in (C)heavily populated coastal areas (D)worldwide. ※正解(A)。resulted → resulting。この文の動詞はare expected ... である。resultedのままでは動詞が２つあることになる。ここはresultingと分詞にしなければならない。副詞heavily、worldwideの用法に問題はない。 10. 正誤問題 Moscow is an inland city, (A)but (B)a system of canals makes (C)them accessible (D)from five seas. ※正解(C)。them → it。接続詞butと冠詞aに誤りはない。themはMoscowを指しているので、itにしなければ文が成り立たない。accessible from... 「……から近づきやすい」。 II.時事英文 How China Is Reorganizing World Economy (その1：全17回シリーズ) Everyone knows that China is growing fast. It has sustained an average annual growth rate of 9.5 percent for more than two decades. According to some estimates, the size of its economy is second only to the United States. China now has the world's biggest foreign reserves, in excess of $1.3 trillion. It is the world's third largest trader and it remains first in attracting foreign investments. 誰でも、中国が速くなっているということを知っています。 それは、20年以上の間9.5パーセントの年間平均成長率を支えました。 いくらかの予想によると、その経済のサイズは、アメリカ合衆国の次に良いです。 中国は、現在世界最大の外貨準備（1兆3000億ドルを上回る）を持っています。 それは世界の3番目に大きなトレーダーです、そして、それは対外投資を引きつける際に最初のままです。 III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆Early to bed early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise◆ This proverb is quite easy to understand. If you arrange your life so that you go to sleep early and wake up early, you will become healthy, you will become rich, and you will become wise. The details of how this process works are, unfortunately, unclear. "Rise" here means "get out of bed in the morning." III -c. 英語の新語 ◆Go Postal◆ This expression comes from an incident in America where a postal worker shot a number of his coworkers. As a result, "going postal" means losing control and becoming dangerous, usually because you are under a lot of stress. If someone goes postal, it does not, however, mean that they necessarily injure or kill someone. III-d. 英語のフレーズ ◆ To improve is to change often.◆ （ 進歩することは頻繁に変わることである） III-e. 今週のイディオム come apart at the seams 自信を失う、(精神的に)まいる (lose self-confidence, completely break down) seamは「縫い目、編み目」のことで衣服の縫い目がほころんで、そこから破れるという意味から生まれた慣用表現。文字通りの意味で使われることもありますが、しばしば比ゆ的に自信喪失や組織・制度の崩壊などに用いられます。 After her husband died, she seemed to come apart at the seams. (夫に先立たれてから、彼女はすっかりまいってしまったようだ) Our volleyball team is coming apart at the seams. (我々のバレーボールチームにひびが入りかけている) The nation's pension system is coming apart at the seams. (その国の年金制度はがたが来始めている) IV. Jokes a. A woman in an expensive, meticulously maintained car is driving down a country road. Suddenly she sees a man running hard with three huge dogs snapping at his heels. She is troubled by the fact that this sweaty person will sully her upholstery, but accepts that she has to rescue him. She pulls over and shouts, "Get in!" "You're very kind," gasps the man, jumping in, "Most people would not offer me a lift when they see I have three dogs." b. A real estate agent quit his job and moved to a farm in the country. Admiring his bountiful crops, a neighbor asked, "What's your secret?" "It's simple," he said. "Rotation, rotation, rotation." c. On a business trip to India, a black American executive took some time off to play golf. He was playing particularly well when he noticed a group of locals watching him. They were jumping up and yelling "Tiger Woods!" Taking this as a compliment to his golfing skills, he turned and bowed ostentatiously in their direction. It was at this point that a tiger came out of the woods and ate him. |