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資料No. ： NS071128
I-1 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She had the ＿＿＿＿＿ to lock all the windows, as well as the doors, before leaving on her holiday. (A) hindsight (B) foresight (C) heedlessness (D) oversight 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After a lengthy discussion we reached a ＿＿＿＿＿ decision on the proposal. (A) unaired (B) unamiable (C) unanimous (D) infamous 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm sorry to ＿＿＿＿＿ your meeting, but there's an emergency call for you on line two. (A) erupt (B) abrupt (C) disrupt (D) bankrupt 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If you have the answers before the meeting tomorrow, we'll be able to have a discussion and ＿＿＿＿＿ a step forward. (A) give (B) talk (C) walk (D) take 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The advice of the efficiency expert regarding various aspects of our business operations --- resulted in a general increase in productivity since August. (A) has been (B) has (C) have been (D) have 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Each employee is entitled to a --- break every two hours according to the labor law. (A) ten minutes (B) lasting ten minutes (C) take ten minutes (D) ten-minute 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Since the company has --- added useful features to new models, sales have remained steady for more than a decade. (A) consistently (B) consistent (C) consistency (D) constituency 8. Error Recognition練習問題 （A）That the government （B）hasn't done nothing to （C）tackle this problem （D）is disgraceful. 9. Error Recognition練習問題 The day may soon come （A）when whole crops difficult （B）to cultivate, such as （C）lotus roots, will （D）so longer be grown in Japan at all. 10. Error Recognition練習問題 （A）The project （B）was no a great success （C）even though everyone worked （D）hard on it. 11. Error Recognition練習問題 It is (A)doubting that we (B)can afford to buy a new car until we (C)pay off the loan (D)on the old one. 12. Error Recognition練習問題 Please (A)hand in your reports (B)until the (C)last day (D)of November. 13. Error Recognition練習問題 We (A)saw an accident (B)happen (C)when we (D)are walking home from school. (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Much of the ice or liquid water released from a storm cloud evaporates before ----- the ground. (A) reaches (B) reaching (C) to reach (D) reach 2. 空所補充問題 Biologists still do not know how spiders ----- produce silk that is so strong and flexible. (A) be able to (B) able to (C) to be able to (D) are able to 3. 空所補充問題 The streets of the ancient city of Alexandria were laid out ----- to take advantage of the cool Mediterranean breezes. (A) such as (B) so as (C) inasmuch as (D) as 4. 空所補充問題 Every member of the committee ----- the chairman was in favor of installing parking meters in the campus parking lot. (A) without (B) that (C) not (D) but 5. 空所補充問題 Ball bearings are crucial to the functioning of many of the mechanical devices we rely ----- every day. (A) for (B) of (C) on (D) to 6. 正誤問題 Useful machines (A)enough small to be injected (B)into the bloodstream will (C)be available in (D)the near future. 7. 正誤問題 Energy (A)that cannot be destroyed, but (B)can be changed into a different form (C)or transferred (D)to a different location. 8. 正誤問題 The second-coldest liquid on (A)earth is liquid hydrogen, (B)which can be (C)stable contained at -253 (D)degrees Centigrade. 9. 正誤問題 The core of the sun, (A)where nuclear reactions take place (B)under intense pressure, is (C)very hotter than (D)its surface. 10. 正誤問題 Prince Edward Island, (A)it is located in (B)the gulf of the St. Lawrence River, (C)is (D)Canada's smallest province. I-2 TOEIC, TOEFL練習問題解答 (1) TOEIC 1. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 She had the ＿＿＿＿＿ to lock all the windows, as well as the doors, before leaving on her holiday. (A) hindsight (B) foresight (C) heedlessness (D) oversight 訳：彼女は用心深いことに，休暇で家をあける前にドアにも窓にもすべてかぎをかけた。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】彼女が持ちあわせていたものが空所で，その具体的中身が to 以下。「〜するような，そんな __ 」ということ。休暇で家をあけるに先立って，ドアにも窓にもすべてかぎをしていくような人には何が備わっていると言えるか。foresight は foresee （前もって見越す；先見する） からきている （ → sight は see の名詞形）。先々のことを考えるところから foresight は「先見，見通し」の他に「将来への備え，用心深いこと」の意味にもなる。 2. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 After a lengthy discussion we reached a ＿＿＿＿＿ decision on the proposal. (A) unaired (B) unamiable (C) unanimous (D) infamous 訳：長い議論の後，我々はその提案に関する満場一致の決定を下した。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】長い （lengthy） 議論の末に達した （reached） 決定［結論］ （decision） は，どのようなものであったか。unanimous の un- は uni- の変化形で「１つ」の意 （ → uniform → １つの形 → 「一様の」「制服」）。anim は「心」の意で -ous は形容詞語尾。したがって unanimous は「１つの心の」，つまり「全員異議のない，満場一致の」の意となる。（cf. magnanimous → 大きな （magn-） 心の → 「度量の大きい，寛大な」） 3. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 I'm sorry to ＿＿＿＿＿ your meeting, but there's an emergency call for you on line two. (A) erupt (B) abrupt (C) disrupt (D) bankrupt 訳：会議中恐縮ですが，緊急のお電話が２番に入っております。 ※正解(C)。【着眼点】I'm sorry to ... と断りを入れている。できればしたくない事をせざるを得ない人の言葉で，それを行う対象は your meeting である。disrupt の dis- は元々はラテン語の duo （＝two） から来たもので，「２つに分かれて」の意であったが，そこから分離・除去・剥奪・反対・否定などの意へと拡大していった。rupt は break の意。したがって disrupt は → 「破って分け離す」 → 「引き裂く； （会議などの正常な進行） を妨げる」。 4. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 If you have the answers before the meeting tomorrow, we'll be able to have a discussion and ＿＿＿＿＿ a step forward. (A) give (B) talk (C) walk (D) take 訳：明日の会議前に解答が出れば，私たちは話し合って，もう少し処置を講じられるだろう。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】stepは「（成功などへの）１歩, 進歩；（前進などのための）手段, 処置」の意味をもつ。ここではa stepの連結する動詞を探す。take a stepで「踏み出す，一歩踏み込む」。広くはtake stepsは「手段を講じる，手を打つ」の形で用いられる。連結する形容詞はimportant, decisive, bold, drastic, false, dangerousなど。 5. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 The advice of the efficiency expert regarding various aspects of our business operations --- resulted in a general increase in productivity since August. (A) has been (B) has (C) have been (D) have ※名詞に関連する問題です。主語が長いため一瞬とまどいますが、The adviceが主語で、ofから空所までの語句は全て主語を修飾しています。adviceは不可算名詞なので単数扱い。正解はB。 6. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Each employee is entitled to a --- break every two hours according to the labor law. (A) ten minutes (B) lasting ten minutes (C) take ten minutes (D) ten-minute ※名詞に関連する問題です。ハイフンで結合された数字と名詞の組み合わせは複数形にしません。正解はD。 7. Part V; Incomplete Sentence練習問題 Since the company has --- added useful features to new models, sales have remained steady for more than a decade. (A) consistently (B) consistent (C) consistency (D) constituency ※品詞の問題です。空所の前後どちらを修飾するにしても副詞が入ることが分かります。正解はA。 8. Error Recognition練習問題 （A）That the government （B）hasn't done nothing to （C）tackle this problem （D）is disgraceful. 訳：政府がこの問題に何ら手を打たずじまいなのは恥ずべきことだ。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】hasn't done nothing の部分で否定語が重なっている。下線の引かれている hasn't から否定語を取り除いて has done nothing という標準語法に訂正する。TOEIC で二重否定はご法度。 【選択肢】A は主語となる名詞節 （That ... problem） を導く接続詞，D はその主語節に対する述語動詞で，いずれも問題なし。C の tackle は「 （問題など） に取り組む」の意。 9. Error Recognition練習問題 The day may soon come （A）when whole crops difficult （B）to cultivate, such as （C）lotus roots, will （D）so longer be grown in Japan at all. 訳：栽培が容易でない，例えば蓮根のような農作物が，日本国内ではもう全く生産されないというような日がじきに訪れるかもしれない。 ※正解(D)。【着眼点】文末の at all （全然） に注目。この句は，例えば「微動だにしない［×する］」などと同様，肯定文では用いず，否定文なら可という表現。ところが，この問題文には否定語が見当らないから，当然下線部の中からその可能性を探ることになり，D だとピンとくる。no longer （もはや…ない） の熟語を思い出すこと。 【選択肢】when は文頭の the day を先行詞とする関係副詞。B は方面指定の to 不定詞。 10. Error Recognition練習問題 （A）The project （B）was no a great success （C）even though everyone worked （D）hard on it. 訳：全員が懸命に取り組んだにもかかわらず，その事業計画は大成功とはいかなかった。 ※正解(B)。【着眼点】B は no の後に a がきている点が問題。not は数量詞の仲間であり，したがって，限定詞の一種であることをここで押さえておこう。限定詞どうしは基本的に並べて用いにくいことを思い出してほしい。 例：× no the teachers; × those [Fred's] no dwarf（s） ; etc. したがって，B は was not とする。 11. Error Recognition練習問題 It is (A)doubting that we (B)can afford to buy a new car until we (C)pay off the loan (D)on the old one. 訳：今の車のローンを払い終わるまでに、新車を買えるんだかどうだか…。 (A) → doubtful。(A) doubtful「(物事が)疑わしい、はっきりしない」(B) can afford to「(人が〜する)余裕がある」(C) pay off「(借金などを)清算する」 12. Error Recognition練習問題 Please (A)hand in your reports (B)until the (C)last day (D)of November. 訳：11月までに報告書を提出してください、 (B) → by / before / on。(A) hand in「(〜を上司などへ)差し出す、提出する」(B) until「(動作・状態の継続の期限を表して)〜まで、〜になるまで(ずっと)」by「(期限を表して)〜までには」 13. Error Recognition練習問題 We (A)saw an accident (B)happen (C)when we (D)are walking home from school. 訳：学校から歩いて帰る途中、わたしたちは事故が起こるのを目撃した。 (D) → were walking。SVOCの文型。時制の一致。 (2) TOEFL 1. 空所補充問題 Much of the ice or liquid water released from a storm cloud evaporates before ----- the ground. (A) reaches (B) reaching (C) to reach (D) reach ※正解(B)。【解説】 前置詞の後に動詞を続けることはできないので、ここはreaching（動名詞）にする。evaporate「蒸発する」。 2. 空所補充問題 Biologists still do not know how spiders ----- produce silk that is so strong and flexible. (A) be able to (B) able to (C) to be able to (D) are able to ※正解(D)。【解説】 あまり難しく考えることはない。how文の主語spidersの後にare able toを使えば、動詞produceと繋がるようになる。 3. 空所補充問題 The streets of the ancient city of Alexandria were laid out ----- to take advantage of the cool Mediterranean breezes. (A) such as (B) so as (C) inasmuch as (D) as ※正解(B)。【解説】 前後の流れから判断してto以下は目的を表すはずである。so as to... にすれば「……するために」という意味になる。 4. 空所補充問題 Every member of the committee ----- the chairman was in favor of installing parking meters in the campus parking lot. (A) without (B) that (C) not (D) but ※正解(D)。【解説】 前置詞butには「……を除いて」の意味がある。これを空所に入れれば意味が通るようになる。 5. 空所補充問題 Ball bearings are crucial to the functioning of many of the mechanical devices we rely ----- every day. (A) for (B) of (C) on (D) to ※正解(C)。【解説】 基本的な問題である。「……に頼る」の意味を表すには動詞relyの後に前置詞onを付ければいい。 6. 正誤問題 Useful machines (A)enough small to be injected (B)into the bloodstream will (C)be available in (D)the near future. ※正解(A)。enough small → small enough。enough smallの語順がおかしい。small enough to... で「……するのに十分小さい」の意味になる。 7. 正誤問題 Energy (A)that cannot be destroyed, but (B)can be changed into a different form (C)or transferred (D)to a different location. ※正解(A)。that cannot → cannot。that cannotの接続詞のthatはどう見ても余分である。can be、or、toの用法に問題はない。 8. 正誤問題 The second-coldest liquid on (A)earth is liquid hydrogen, (B)which can be (C)stable contained at -253 (D)degrees Centigrade. ※正解(C)。stable → stably。on earth、関係代名詞whichに誤りはない。stableは過去分詞containedにかかっているので、stablyと副詞形にしなければならない。複数形degreesに問題はない。 9. 正誤問題 The core of the sun, (A)where nuclear reactions take place (B)under intense pressure, is (C)very hotter than (D)its surface. ※正解(C)。very hotter → much hotter。比較級hotterを強調するには、veryではなくmuchを用いなくてはならない。 10. 正誤問題 Prince Edward Island, (A)it is located in (B)the gulf of the St. Lawrence River, (C)is (D)Canada's smallest province. ※正解(A)。it is located → located / which is located。it is locatedのままではこの文に２つ主語があることになる。it is locatedをlocated、あるいは、which is locatedにすれば問題が解決する。 II.時事英文 イスラム教徒のスンニ派、シーア派(その12：全16回シリーズ) Sectarian militias in Iraq イラクの派閥の民兵 "In Iraq, for instance, in all of the 20th century, there was very little explicit Sunni-Shi'ite violence. But since the fall of the Saddam Hussein regime, politicians and political entrepreneurs have tried to mobilize religious communities as the basis for coming to power. And that has caused a great deal of sectarian violence," says Cole. 「イラクでは、たとえば、20世紀の全てにおいて、ごくわずかな露骨なスンニ派のシーア派暴力しか、あるというわけではありませんでした。しかし、サダムフセイン政権の落下から、政治家と政治的な企業家は、権力を握るための基礎として宗教的なコミュニティを動員しようとしました。そして、それは多くの派閥の暴力を引き起こしました」と、コールが言います。 III - a. 雑知識
III-b. 英語のことわざ ◆Dead men don't bite◆ This proverb is often used to justify killing someone. You may have done something bad. Maybe, you stole something or you betrayed someone. There is only one person who has seen you do it -- no one else -- and they know your secret. If you kill that person, no one will know about the terrible thing that you have done. Dead men don't bite means once a person is dead, he or she cannot do anything. III -c. 英語の新語 ◆Time porn◆ Time porn refers to television shows and other entertainment programs that show characters having too much free time. The U.S. sitcom "Friends" is probably the best-known piece of time porn. There, the main characters seem to spend all their time sitting in coffee shops, chatting. Like sexual pornography (or porn) attracts people by showing them sex, time porn attracts people (normally busy, working people) by showing them people enjoying free time. III-d. 英語のフレーズ ◆ Stop and look fear in the face.◆ （ 逃げずに恐怖心と向き合おう） III-e. 今週のイディオム put one's finger on (誤り・違いなどを)きちんと指摘する (know or be able to explain exactly what is wrong, different, or unusual about a situation) 地図上で探している場所が見つかったときや、辞書で単語の意味を確認したとき、その場所に指を置くしぐさに由来する表現。「分かった！」「これだ！」という代わりに使われるほか、問題点や答えなどを正確に突き止める、はっきり特定するという場合にも用いられます。 I think you've put your finger on the reason Trudy wouldn't come to our wedding. (キミはトゥルディが僕たちの結婚式に来ない理由を突き止めたようだね) I can't put my finger on it exactly, but I know there's something wrong with this offer. (はっきりとは分からないけど、この提案はどこかおかしいよ) IV. Jokes a. Sitting in a restaurant, a man spots a gorgeous woman at the next table. He spends ages admiring her, but is too shy to speak to her. Suddenly, she sneezes and her glass eye comes hurtling out of its socket toward him. He reaches out, grabs it in the air and gives it back to her. "Oh, I am so sorry," the woman says as she pops the eye back in. #Let me buy you dinner to make it up to you." They enjoy a fantastic meal together then go to the theatre, followed by drinks. The talk, they laugh, she shares her deepest thoughts and he shares his. After paying for everything, she invites him back to her place. They make passionate love. Next morning, she cooks a gourmet breakfast. The man is amazed. "You are the perfect woman," he says. "Are you this nice to every guy you meet?" "No," she replies. "You just happened to catch my eye." sneezes くしゃみをする glass eye ガラス製の(義)眼 b. After spending all their cash on booze during a night on the town, Dave and Eric have no money for a taxi home. Dave has a decidedly drunken idea. "Let's steal a bus!" He persuades Eric to break into the bus station. But 20 minutes later, Eric has failed to emerge. Dave sticks his head around the door. "What on earth are you doingt?" "I can't find a number seven bus anywhere," says a distressed Eric. "You idiot," shouts Dave, shaking his head in disbelief. "Just steal a number nine. We can get off at the roundabout and walk the rest of the way." c. It doesn't make a difference what temperature a room is, it's always room temperature. d. "Dad!!!!" It was Zachary, my four-year-old son, calling from the bathroom. "My toothbrush fell into the toilet!" "Let's get you another one," I said, throwing it into the rubbish. "That's full of bad germs now." The next thing I knew he was handing me my toothbrush. "Then we better throw this one out too. I dropped it in the toilet last week." |